scholarly journals Poor adult nutrition impairs learning and memory in a parasitoid wasp

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Kishani Farahani ◽  
Yasaman Moghadassi ◽  
Jean-Sebastien Pierre ◽  
Stéphane Kraus ◽  
Mathieu Lihoreau
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Venturia Canescens ◽  
Sucrose Solutions

AbstractAnimals have evolved cognitive abilities whose impairment can incur dramatic fitness costs. While malnutrition is known to impact brain development and cognitive functions in vertebrates, little is known in insects whose small brain appears particularly vulnerable to environmental stressors. Here, we investigated the influence of diet quality on learning and memory in the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens. Newly emerged adults were exposed for 24 h to either honey, 20% sucrose solution, 10% sucrose solution, or water, before being conditioned in an olfactory associative learning task in which an odor was associated to a host larvae (reward). Honey fed wasps showed 3.5 times higher learning performances and 1.5 times longer memory retention than wasps fed sucrose solutions or water. Poor diets also reduced longevity and fecundity. Our results demonstrate the importance of early adult nutrition for optimal cognitive function in these parasitoid wasps that must quickly develop long-term olfactory memories for searching suitable hosts for their progeny.

scholarly journals Poor Adult Nutrition Impairs Learning and Memory in a Parasitoid Wasp

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Kishani Farahani ◽  
Yasaman moghaddassi ◽  
Jean-Sebastien Pierre ◽  
stephane kraus ◽  
Mathieu Lihoreau
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Venturia Canescens ◽  
Sucrose Solutions

Abstract Animals have evolved cognitive abilities whose impairment can incur dramatic fitness costs. While malnutrition is known to impact brain development and cognitive functions in vertebrates, little is known in insects, whose small brain appears particularly vulnerable to environmental stressors. Here, we investigated the influence of diet quality on learning and memory in the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens. Newly emerged adults were exposed for 24h to either honey, sucrose solution 20%, sucrose solution 10%, or no food, before being conditioned in an olfactory associative learning task in which an odor (orange) was associated to a reward (host larvae). Wasps fed honey showed 3.5 times higher learning performances and 1.5 times longer memory retention times than wasps fed sucrose solutions and starved wasps. Poor diets also reduced longevity and fecundity. Our results demonstrate the importance of early adult nutrition for optimal cognitive function in these parasitoid wasps that must quickly develop olfactory memories for choosing high quality hosts for their progeny.

scholarly journals Combined secondary compounds naturally found in nectars enhance honeybee cognition and survival

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio L. Marchi ◽  
Florencia Palottini ◽  
Walter M. Farina
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Olfactory Conditioning ◽  
Significant Survival ◽  
Short And Long Term

ABSTRACT The alkaloid caffeine and the amino acid arginine are present as secondary compounds in nectars of some flower species visited by pollinators. Each of these compounds affects honeybee appetitive behaviours by improving foraging activity and learning. While caffeine potentiates responses of mushroom body neurons involved in honeybee learning processes, arginine acts as precursor of nitric oxide, enhancing the protein synthesis involved in memory formation. Despite existing evidence on how these compounds affect honeybee cognitive ability individually, their combined effect on this is still unknown. We evaluated acquisition and memory retention in a classical olfactory conditioning procedure, in which the reward (sucrose solution) contained traces of caffeine, arginine or a mixture of the two. The results indicate that the presence of the single compounds and their most concentrated mixture increases bees' learning performance. However, memory retention, measured in the short and long term, increases significantly only in those treatments offering combinations of the two compounds in the reward. Additionally, the most concentrated mixture triggers a significant survival rate in the conditioned bees. Thus, some nectar compounds, when combined, show synergistic effects on cognitive ability and survival in an insect.

scholarly journals The Effect of Chronic Treatment with Lacosamide and Topiramate on Cognitive Functions and Impaired Emotional Responses in a Pilocarpine-induced Post-status Epilepticus Rat Model

Folia Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Michaela Shishmanova-Doseva ◽  
Jana Tchekalarova ◽  
Zlatina Nenchovska ◽  
Natasha Ivanova ◽  
Katerina Georgieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Learning Session ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Early Retention

Introduction: Epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs can affect negatively the cognitive abilities of patients. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of topiramate (TPM) and lacosamide (LCM) on the emotional and cognitive re-sponses in naive animals and in animals with pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus.  Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups and status epilepticus was evoked in half of them by a single i.p. administration of pilocarpine (Pilo) (320 mg/kg): Pilo-veh, Pilo-TPM (80 mg/kg) and Pilo-LCM (30 mg/kg). Matched naive rats were treated with the same doses as follows: C-veh, C-TPM, and C-LCM. In a step-down passive avoidance test, the learning session was held for one day, the early retention test was conducted on day 2, and the long-term memory test - on day 7. Motor activity and anxiety were evaluated in an open field test.  Results: The Pilo-TPM and Pilo-LCM groups increased the time spent on the platform compared to Pilo-veh animals while the C-LCM animals decreased the time compared to C-veh animals during short- and long-term memory retention tests. TPM and LCM exerted an anxiolytic effect in naive rats. The two antiepileptic drugs were unable to alleviate the hyperactivity, but they alleviated the impulsivity associated with decreased anxiety level in epileptic rats. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that LCM and TPM have a beneficial effect on cognition both in naive and epileptic rats. While the two antiepileptic drugs can produce an anxiolytic effect in naive rats, they alleviate the impulsivity after pilocarpine treatment.

MEMORY RETENTION IN WILD-TYPE AND TAU MUTANT SYRIAN HAMSTERS

Behaviour ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Oklejewicz ◽  
Serge Daan ◽  
Eddy Van Der Zee ◽  
Menno Gerkema
Keyword(s):  
Memory Function ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Kamin Effect ◽  
Tau Mutation

AbstractRats are known to display a temporary deficit in memory function 6 h after training on a learning task, a phenomenon known as the 'Kamin effect'. Later studies showed that maximal retrieval recurs in 24 h intervals after a single training and implied the role of the circadian clock in the suppression of memory retrieval at non-24 h intervals. This study aimed to investigate this further by analysing retention deficits following passive avoidance training in the Syrian hamster. The availability of hamsters carrying the tau mutation was exploited to address the role of the circadian system in periodic retention deficits. It was expected that tau mutant hamsters with an endogenous circadian period of approximately 20 h would have a high retention score at 20 h after training. Surprisingly, deficits in retention were found at 12, 18, 24, and 36 h after training in wild-type hamsters with best performance at 30 h after training. Tau mutant hamsters had significant deficits in memory retention at 20, 24, and 30 h, and no clear periodicity in retention could be observed. Step-through latency scores for mutant hamsters were low at all times except training-testing intervals of 0.25 and 6 h. These results demonstrate the absence of clear memory deficit oscillations in both wild-type and mutant hamsters, and may suggest in particular a long-term memory deficit in tau mutant hamsters.

Retrieval practice promotes long-term retention irrespective of the placement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
alice latimier ◽  
Arnaud Rierget ◽  
Son Thierry Ly ◽  
Franck Ramus
Keyword(s):  
Retention Interval ◽  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Long Term Retention

The current study aimed at comparing the effect of three placements of the re-exposure episodes on memory retention (interpolated-small, interpolated-medium, postponed), depending on whether retrieval practice or re-reading was used, and on retention interval (one week vs one month).

The Effects of P75NTR on Learning Memory Mediated by Hippocampal Apoptosis and Synaptic Plasticity

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Jie Tang ◽  
Shuang Feng ◽  
Xing-Dong Chen ◽  
Hua Huang ◽  
Min Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neurotrophin Receptor ◽  
P75 Neurotrophin Receptor ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Apoptotic Effect ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Relationship

: Neurological diseases bring great mental and physical torture to the patients, and have long-term and sustained negative effects on families and society. The attention to neurological diseases is increasing, and the improvement of the material level is accompanied by an increase in the demand for mental level. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is a low-affinity neurotrophin receptor and involved in diverse and pleiotropic effects in the developmental and adult central nervous system (CNS). Since neurological diseases are usually accompanied by the regression of memory, the pathogenesis of p75NTR also activates and inhibits other signaling pathways, which has a serious impact on the learning and memory of patients. The results of studies shown that p75NTR is associated with LTP/LTD-induced synaptic enhancement and inhibition, suggest that p75NTR may be involved in the progression of synaptic plasticity. And its pro-apoptotic effect is associated with activation of proBDNF and inhibition of proNGF, and TrkA/p75NTR imbalance leads to pro-survival or pro-apoptotic phenomena. It can be inferred that p75NTR mediates apoptosis in the hippocampus and amygdale, which may affect learning and memory behavior. This article mainly discusses the relationship between p75NTR and learning memory and associated mechanisms, which may provide some new ideas for the treatment of neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effects of Seizures on Procedural Memory Performance in Patients with Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Frank J. van Schalkwijk ◽  
Walter R. Gruber ◽  
Laurie A. Miller ◽  
Eugen Trinka ◽  
Yvonne Höller
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Procedural Memory ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Memory complaints are frequently reported by patients with epilepsy and are associated with seizure occurrence. Yet, the direct effects of seizures on memory retention are difficult to assess given their unpredictability. Furthermore, previous investigations have predominantly assessed declarative memory. This study evaluated within-subject effects of seizure occurrence on retention and consolidation of a procedural motor sequence learning task in patients with epilepsy undergoing continuous monitoring for five consecutive days. Of the total sample of patients considered for analyses (N = 53, Mage = 32.92 ± 13.80 y, range = 18–66 y; 43% male), 15 patients experienced seizures and were used for within-patient analyses. Within-patient contrasts showed general improvements over seizure-free (day + night) and seizure-affected retention periods. Yet, exploratory within-subject contrasts for patients diagnosed with temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 10) showed that only seizure-free retention periods resulted in significant improvements, as no performance changes were observed following seizure-affected retention. These results indicate general performance improvements and offline consolidation of procedural memory during the day and night. Furthermore, these results suggest the relevance of healthy temporal lobe functioning for successful consolidation of procedural information, as well as the importance of seizure control for effective retention and consolidation of procedural memory.

scholarly journals Nectar non-protein amino acids (NPAAs) do not change nectar palatability but enhance learning and memory in honey bees

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Carlesso ◽  
Stefania Smargiassi ◽  
Elisa Pasquini ◽  
Giacomo Bertelli ◽  
David Baracchi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Olfactory Conditioning ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Protein Amino Acids ◽  
Valuable Compounds

AbstractFloral nectar is a pivotal element of the intimate relationship between plants and pollinators. Nectars are composed of a plethora of nutritionally valuable compounds but also hundreds of secondary metabolites (SMs) whose function remains elusive. Here we performed a set of behavioural experiments to study whether five ubiquitous nectar non-protein amino acids (NPAAs: β-alanine, GABA, citrulline, ornithine and taurine) interact with gustation, feeding preference, and learning and memory in Apis mellifera. We showed that foragers were unable to discriminate NPAAs from water when only accessing antennal chemo-tactile information and that freely moving bees did not exhibit innate feeding preferences for NPAAs. Also, NPAAs did not alter food consumption or longevity in caged bees over 10 days. Taken together our data suggest that natural concentrations of NPAAs did not alter nectar palatability to bees. Olfactory conditioning assays showed that honey bees were more likely to learn a scent when it signalled a sucrose reward containing either β-alanine or GABA, and that GABA enhanced specific memory retention. Conversely, when ingested two hours prior to conditioning, GABA, β-alanine, and taurine weakened bees’ acquisition performances but not specific memory retention, which was enhanced in the case of β-alanine and taurine. Neither citrulline nor ornithine affected learning and memory. NPAAs in nectars may represent a cooperative strategy adopted by plants to attract beneficial pollinators.

scholarly journals Sucrose solution as a new viscous test fluid with tunable viscosities up to 2 Pas for micromixing characterization by the Villermaux–Dushman reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Arian ◽  
Werner Pauer
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Viscous Medium ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Test Fluid ◽  
Tank Reactor ◽  
Experimental Implementation ◽  
Sucrose Solutions ◽  
Viscous Solution ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dushman Reaction

AbstractFor the first time, micromixing characterization for the Villermaux–Dushman reaction could be performed with a non-reactive viscous medium at viscosities up to 2 Pas. As viscous medium, sucrose solution was used with the benefit of being a Newtonian fluid with tuneable viscosity. Due to the higher viscosities in comparison to established media for micromixing investigations, a new protocol for the experimental implementation was developed. Micromixing experiments were conducted and the applicability of viscous sucrose solutions was proven in a stirred tank reactor. Major challenges in characterizing micromixing efficiency in high viscous solution were consolidated.

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