scholarly journals Structure of junctional epithelium is maintained by cell populations supplied from multiple stem cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Tanaka ◽  
Junichi Tanaka ◽  
Ryo Aizawa ◽  
Mayu Kato-Tanaka ◽  
Hiroo Ueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Junctional Epithelium ◽  
Tracing Method

AbstractThe junctional epithelium (JE) is an epithelial component that attaches directly to the tooth surface and performs the unique function of protecting against bacterial infections; its destruction causes inflammation of the periodontal tissue and loss of alveolar bone. A recent study that used the single-color lineage tracing method reported that JE is maintained by its stem cells. However, the process by which individual stem cells form the entire JE around a whole tooth remains unclear. Using a 4-color lineage tracing method, we performed a detailed examination of the dynamics of individual stem cells that constitute the entire JE. The multicolor lineage tracing method showed that single-color areas, which were derived from each cell color, replaced all the constituent JE cells 168 d after the administration of tamoxifen. The horizontal section of the first molar showed that the single-color areas in the JE expanded widely. We detected putative stem cells at the external basal layer farthest from the enamel. In this study, JE cells that were supplied from different stem cells were visualized as individual monochromatic regions, and the JE around the first molar was maintained by several JE-specific stem cells. These findings indicated that the JE consisted of several cell populations that were supplied from their multiple stem cells and could help to explore the mechanisms involved in periodontal tissue homeostasis.

scholarly journals Local Injection of Allogeneic Stem Cells from Apical Papilla Enhanced Periodontal Tissue Regeneration in Minipig Model of Periodontitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqing Li ◽  
Nannan Han ◽  
Xiuli Zhang ◽  
Haoqing Yang ◽  
Yangyang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Local Injection ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Clinical Assessments ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Periodontal Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Apical Papilla

Background. Discovering suitable seeding cells and simple application technique will be beneficial for MSC-mediated treatment of periodontitis. Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) might be the candidate seeding cell for the periodontal tissues regeneration based on their origin and characters. In this research, we investigated the effect of SCAPs on periodontal tissue regeneration in swine by local injection. Methods. We established experimental periodontitis model in miniature pigs and then treated them with SCAPs by local injection. Clinical assessments, computed tomography (CT) scanning, histologic examination, and quantitative measurements were used to evaluate the effect of periodontal tissues regeneration. Results. At 12 weeks after injection, clinical assessments showed that probing depth, gingival recession, and attachment loss values were 5.44±0.77 mm versus 7.33±1.0 mm (p<0.01), 2.33±0.33 mm versus 2.11±0.69 mm (p>0.05), and 7.78±0.84 mm versus 9.44±1.07 mm (p<0.01) in SCAPs group and 0.9% NaCl group, respectively. CT scan results showed a significant increase of 12.86 mm3 alveolar bone regeneration in SCAPs group compared with 0.9% NaCl group. In addition, histopathology results demonstrated remarkable regeneration in SCAPs group, whereas regeneration of periodontal tissue was hardly found in 0.9% NaCl group. Conclusion. Local injection of SCAPs could effectively restore tissue defects brought about by periodontitis in the swine model. Thus, SCAPs, as an easily accessible dental-deriving stem cell, may serve as an alternative application for periodontitis treatment.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN DOKSISIKLIN HYCLATE SEBAGAI INHIBITOR MATRIKS METALLOPROTEINASE PADA TERAPI TAMBAHAN PERIODONTITIS

SAINSTIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risma Aprinda Kristanti
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Junctional Epithelium ◽  
Inhibit Activity ◽  
Collagenase Activity ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Mmp Inhibitor ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Molecules

<p>Terbit.com  Daily  has  reported  that  the  prevalence  of  periodontitis increases related with age person. Found that 35,7% of patients with periodontitis in the group 30-39 years old to 66,5% in the group 50-59 years old, increase</p> <p>89,2% in the group 80-90 years old. Periodontitis that commonly found is a chronic periodontitis which is occurs in individuals older than 45 years, but can also be found in children.</p> <p>The main characteristic of periodontitis is the damage of the periodontal connective tissue, alveolar bone, and the movement of the junctional epithelium to the apical. Bacterial components may directly or indirectly cause tissue damage. Inflammatory    mediators    product    such    as    proteinases,    cytokines,    and prostaglandins are part of the host response that can also cause tissue damage. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is a proteinase that can cause periodontal tissue damage by disrupting the extracellular matrix molecules in periodontal tissues. Since is known that MMP has a role in various pathological processes, therapy to inhibit activity MMP in pathological processes has developed. MMP inhibitors will be a useful adjunct therapy for the treatment of periodontal disease. Many products have been introduced as an MMP inhibitor, for example: tetracycline</p> <p>and various derivatives, such as doxycycline and minocycline which are capable of inhibiting the activity of several classes of MMPs. Doxycycline has the ability to inhibit the increase in collagenase activity that is pathological in subgingival and prevent periodontitis to become more severe.</p>

scholarly journals Basal cells in the epidermis and epidermal differentiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghvendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Epidermal Differentiation ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Epidermal Stem Cells ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Developmental Patterning

Abstract A definite identification of epidermal stem cells is not known and the mechanism of epidermal differentiation is not fully understood. Toward both of these quests, considerable information is available from the research on lineage tracing and clonal growth analysis in the basal layer of the epidermis, on the hair follicle and interfollicular epidermal stem cells, and on Wnt signaling along with its role in developmental patterning and cell differentiation. In this paper, literature on the aforementioned research has been collated and analyzed. In addition, models of basal layer cellular composition and epidermal differentiation have been presented.

scholarly journals Diverse Epithelial Cell Populations Contribute to Regeneration of Secretory Units in Injured Salivary Glands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninche Ninche ◽  
Mingyu Kwak ◽  
Soosan Ghazizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Cellular Plasticity ◽  
Ductal Cells

ABSTRACTSalivary glands exert exocrine secretory function to provide saliva for lubrication and protection of the oral cavity. Its epithelium consists of several differentiated cell types including acinar, ductal and myoepithelial cells that are maintained in a lineage-restricted manner during homeostasis or after mild injuries. Glandular regeneration following a near complete loss of secretory cells, however, may involve cellular plasticity, although the mechanism and extent of such plasticity remain unclear. Here, by combining lineage-tracing experiments with a model of severe glandular injury in the mouse submandibular gland, we show that de novo formation of secretory units involves induction of cellular plasticity in multiple non-acinar cell populations. Fate-mapping analysis revealed that although ductal stem cells marked by cytokeratin K14 and Axin2 undergo a multipotency switch, they do not make a significant contribution to acinar regeneration. Intriguingly, more than 80% of regenerated acini derive from differentiated cells including myoepithelial and ductal cells that dedifferentiate to a progenitor-like state before redifferentiation to acinar cells. The potential of diverse cell populations serving as a reserve source for acini widens the therapeutic options for hyposalivation.SummarySalivary glands rely in recruitment of committed and fully differentiated cell populations as well as stem cells to ensure rapid regeneration and recovery of secretory cells.

Alveolar Bone Marrow Gli1+ Stem Cells Support Implant Osseointegration

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110137
Author(s):  
Y. Yi ◽  
W. Stenberg ◽  
W. Luo ◽  
J.Q. Feng ◽  
H. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Differentiation Markers ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Lineage Differentiation ◽  
Canonical Wnt

Osseointegration is the key issue for implant success. The in vivo properties of cell populations driving the osseointegration process have remained largely unknown. In the current study, using tissue clearing–based 3-dimensional imaging and transgenic mouse model-based lineage tracing methods, we identified Gli1+ cells within alveolar bone marrow and their progeny as the cell population participating in extraction socket healing and implant osseointegration. These Gli1+ cells are surrounding blood vessels and do not express lineage differentiation markers. After tooth extraction and delayed placement of a dental implant, Gli1+ cells were activated into proliferation, and their descendants contributed significantly to new bone formation. Ablation of Gli1+ cells severely compromised the healing and osseointegration processes. Blockage of canonical Wnt signaling resulted in impaired recruitment of Gli1+ cells and compromised bone healing surrounding implants. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Gli1+ cells surrounding alveolar bone marrow vasculature are stem cells supporting dental implant osseointegration. Canonical Wnt signal plays critical roles in regulating Gli1+ stem cells.

scholarly journals Radiation-induced toxicity in rectal epithelial stem cell contributes to acute radiation injury in rectum

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Rodriguez Tirado ◽  
Payel Bhanja ◽  
Eduardo Castro-Nallar ◽  
Ximena Diaz Olea ◽  
Catalina Salamanca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cre Recombinase ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Rectal Injury ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Pelvic Irradiation ◽  
Pelvic Malignancies ◽  
Radiation Induced

Abstract Background Radiation-induced rectal epithelial damage is a very common side effect of pelvic radiotherapy and often compromise the life quality and treatment outcome in patients with pelvic malignancies. Unlike small bowel and colon, effect of radiation in rectal stem cells has not been explored extensively. Here we demonstrate that Lgr5-positive rectal stem cells are radiosensitive and organoid-based transplantation of rectal stem cells mitigates radiation damage in rectum. Methods C57Bl6 male mice (JAX) at 24 h were exposed to pelvic irradiation (PIR) to determine the radiation effect in pelvic epithelium. Effect of PIR on Lgr5-positive rectal stem cells (RSCs) was determined in Lgr5-EGFP-Cre-ERT2 mice exposed to PIR. Effect of PIR or clinically relevant fractionated PIR on regenerative response of Lgr5-positive RSCs was examined by lineage tracing assay using Lgr5-eGFP-IRES-CreERT2; Rosa26-CAG-tdTomato mice with tamoxifen administration to activate Cre recombinase and thereby marking the ISC and their respective progeny. Ex vivo three-dimensional organoid cultures were developed from Lgr5-EGFP-Cre-ERT2 mice. Organoid growth was determined by quantifying the budding crypt/total crypt ratio. Organoids from Lgr5-EGFP-ires-CreERT2-TdT mice were transplanted in C57Bl6 male mice exposed to PIR. Engraftment and repopulation of Lgr5-positive RSCs were determined after tamoxifen administration to activate Cre recombinase in recipient mice. Statistical analysis was performed using Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test and paired two-tail t test. Result Exposure to pelvic irradiation significantly damaged rectal epithelium with the loss of Lgr5+ve rectal stem cells. Radiosensitivity of rectal epithelium was also observed with exposure to clinically relevant fractionated pelvic irradiation. Regenerative capacity of Lgr5+ve rectal stem cells was compromised in response to fractionated pelvic irradiation. Ex vivo organoid study demonstrated that Lgr5+ve rectal stem cells are sensitive to both single and fractionated radiation. Organoid-based transplantation of Lgr5+ve rectal stem cells promotes repair and regeneration of rectal epithelium. Conclusion Lgr5-positive rectal stem cells are radiosensitive and contribute to radiation-induced rectal epithelial toxicity. Transplantation of Lgr5-positive rectal stem cells mitigates radiation-induced rectal injury and promotes repair and regeneration process in rectum.

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