scholarly journals A printed millimetre-wave modulator and antenna array for backscatter communications at gigabit data rates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kimionis ◽  
Apostolos Georgiadis ◽  
Spyridon Nektarios Daskalakis ◽  
Manos M. Tentzeris
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Phase Shift Keying ◽  
Modulation Formats ◽  
Millimetre Wave ◽  
Front End ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Shift Keying

AbstractFuture devices for the Internet of Things will require communication systems that can deliver higher data rates at low power. Backscatter radio—in which wireless communication is achieved via reflection rather than radiation—is a low-complexity approach that requires a minimal number of active elements. However, it is typically limited to data rates of hundreds of megabits per second because of the low frequency bands used and the modulation techniques involved. Here we report a millimetre-wave modulator and antenna array for backscatter communications at gigabit data rates. This radiofrequency front-end consists of a microstrip patch antenna array and a single pseudomorphic high-electron-mobility transistor that supports a range of modulation formats including binary phase shift keying, quadrature phase shift keying and quadrature amplitude modulation. The circuit is additively manufactured with inkjet printing using silver nanoparticle inks on a flexible liquid-crystal polymer substrate. A millimetre-wave transceiver is also designed to capture and downconvert the backscattered signals and route them for digital signal processing. With the system, we demonstrate a bit rate of two gigabits per second of backscatter transmission at millimetre-wave frequencies of 24–28 GHz, and with a front-end energy consumption of 0.17 pJ per bit.

scholarly journals A printed millimeter-wave modulator and antenna array for low-complexity Gigabit-datarate backscatter communications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyridon Daskalakis ◽  
Apostolos Georgiadis ◽  
John Kimionis ◽  
Manos Tentzeris
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Phase Shift Keying ◽  
Modulation Formats ◽  
Front End ◽  
Rf Front End ◽  
Shift Keying

Abstract In this article, a low cost ink-jet printed millimeter-wave RF front-end for low-complexity Gigabit-datarate backscatter communications was designed, fabricated and measured. The RF front-end consists of a microstrip 5×1 series-fed patch antenna array and a single E-pHEMT transistor, supporting a plethora of modulation formats, including binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), and quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM). The circuit was additively manufactured using inkjet printing with silver nanoparticle (SNP) inks on a flexible liquid crystal polymer (LCP) substrate. A mmWave transceiver was also designed in order to capture and downconvert the backscattered signals and route them for digital signal processing. A bit rate of 2 Gbps of backscatter transmission is demonstrated at millimeter-wave frequencies 24-28 GHz, expanding the potential of backscatter radio as an ambitious low-energy, low-complexity communication system for future IoT devices. By pushing the circuit complexity to a central station/access point, the radio’s footprint is minimized, which allows additive manufacturing, resulting in significant implementation savings and compatibility with flexible platforms. The wideband operation of these systems will enable broadband wireless transmission with less than 0.17 pJ/bit front-end consumption at 2 Gbps and combined with sensing with low-power sensors and can be integrated with wearables for challenging mobile applications in 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT).

Performance Comparison of Free-Space Optical (FSO) Communication Link Under OOK, BPSK, DPSK, QPSK and 8-PSK Modulation Formats in the Presence of Strong Atmospheric Turbulence

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. M. Sharoar Jahan Choyon ◽  
Ruhin Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Atmospheric Turbulence ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Phase Shift Keying ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
Modulation Formats ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
Ber Performance

AbstractFree-space optical (FSO) communication system provides several advantages over radio frequency (RF) system offering high bandwidth, low cost, small space requirements and more secure transmission which is free from Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). However, when the transmitted light signal passes through the atmosphere it experiences attenuation and fluctuations due to atmospheric turbulence. This paper analyzes the bit error rate (BER) performance of FSO communication systems under strong atmospheric turbulence for on-off keying (OOK), binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), differential phase shift keying (DPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and 8-phase shift keying (8-PSK) for link distances of 500, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 m. The probability density function (pdf) of the received irradiance is modelled using the gamma-gamma distribution model. It is found that the system exhibits the best BER performance and compensates the lowest power penalty at BER of 10 - 9 for BPSK modulation compared with other modulation techniques which makes BPSK more appropriate to be used with FSO turbulent system.

Design and Performance Analysis of 2D OCDMA System with Polarization States

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Bharti ◽  
Ajay K. Sharma ◽  
Manoj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Polarization State ◽  
Phase Shift Keying ◽  
Modulation Formats ◽  
Differential Phase Shift ◽  
Differential Phase ◽  
Differential Phase Shift Keying ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
Polarization States ◽  
Code Division Multiple

AbstractThis paper focuses on increasing the number of subscribers in optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) system by using one of the features of light signal that it can be propagated in two polarization states. The performance of two-dimensional (2D) OCDMA system based on wavelength-time coding scheme by adding polarization state is investigated at varying data rates from 1 GHz to 6 GHz and for various modulation formats. It is reported that with increase in data rate of system, the performance of the system deteriorates due to polarization mode dispersion. Non-return to-zero (RZ), return to-zero (RZ), carrier suppressed return-to-zero (CSRZ) and differential phase shift keying (DPSK) modulation formats are simulated for a single user system with polarization. Investigations reveal that differential phase shift keying (DPSK) modulation format suits best to the proposed system and exhibit the potential to improve the flexibility of system for more number of users. The investigations are reported in terms of Q-factor, BER, received optical power (ROP) and eye diagrams.

scholarly journals Experimental evaluation of spectral efficiency from a circular array antenna producing a Laguerre–Gauss mode

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 201711
Author(s):  
Ben Allen ◽  
Timothy D. Drysdale ◽  
Chris Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Modulation Scheme ◽  
Phase Shift Keying ◽  
Additional Degree ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
Mode Purity ◽  
Circular Antenna Array

We present the four-dimensional volumetric electromagnetic field measurements ( x , y , z and frequency) of the complex radiated field produced by an 8-element circular antenna array. The array is designed to produce a Laguerre–Gauss (LG) mode l = +1 over the frequency range of 9–10 GHz. We evaluate our findings in terms of far-field LG mode purity and spectral efficiency in terms of the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation scheme that can be supported. The application of LG modes in radio systems is as a means of multiplexing several data streams onto the same frequency, polarization and time slot, thus making a highly spectrally efficient transmission system or enhancing radar systems by means of exploiting mode behaviour as an additional degree of freedom. Our results show that for the circular antenna array, we find that mode purity is sufficient to support binary phase shift keying or quadrature phase shift keying modulation over a 0.3 GHz bandwidth, which corresponds to a spectral efficiency of 1.5 b s −1 Hz −1 per mode. Closer to the antennas' design frequency, 256QAM modulation may be supported over a 0.05 GHz band, and which corresponds to a spectral efficiency of 11 b s −1 Hz −1 per mode. We anticipate the practical insights provided in this paper contribute to the successful design of such systems.

Performance of Phase Modulation in WDM-PON Transmission System

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Dong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Phase Modulation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Dispersion Compensation ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Phase Shift Keying ◽  
Modulation Formats ◽  
Differential Phase Shift ◽  
Shift Keying

AbstractThe modulation and demodulation methods of the optical Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DQPSK), Optical Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) and the different modulation formats including nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ), return-to-zero (RZ), carrier-suppressed return-to-zero (CS-RZ) are introduced, studying the ability of anti-dispersion for different optical signals in the 40 Gb/s high speed transmission system. The system is simulated in optical fiber by way of dispersion compensation. And then analyzed the compensation effect of the different dispersion compensation method for different phase modulation formats. It is shown that the ability of anti-dispersion and anti-PMD is better in the CS-RZ-DQPSK modulation format, and this format has the smallest eye-opening penalty (EOP) with a wider range of power into the optical fiber.

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