scholarly journals Modeling the effects of perisaccadic attention on gaze statistics during scene viewing

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Schwetlick ◽  
Lars Oliver Martin Rothkegel ◽  
Hans Arne Trukenbrod ◽  
Ralf Engbert
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Fixation Durations ◽  
Scene Viewing ◽  
Scan Path ◽  
Dynamic Scan ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractHow we perceive a visual scene depends critically on the selection of gaze positions. For this selection process, visual attention is known to play a key role in two ways. First, image-features attract visual attention, a fact that is captured well by time-independent fixation models. Second, millisecond-level attentional dynamics around the time of saccade drives our gaze from one position to the next. These two related research areas on attention are typically perceived as separate, both theoretically and experimentally. Here we link the two research areas by demonstrating that perisaccadic attentional dynamics improve predictions on scan path statistics. In a mathematical model, we integrated perisaccadic covert attention with dynamic scan path generation. Our model reproduces saccade amplitude distributions, angular statistics, intersaccadic turning angles, and their impact on fixation durations as well as inter-individual differences using Bayesian inference. Therefore, our result lend support to the relevance of perisaccadic attention to gaze statistics.

scholarly journals Modeling the effects of perisaccadic attention on gaze statistics during scene viewing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Schwetlick ◽  
Lars Oliver Martin Rothkegel ◽  
Hans Arne Trukenbrod ◽  
Ralf Engbert
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Momentum Effect ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Scene Viewing ◽  
Scan Path ◽  
Fully Bayesian

How we perceive a visual scene depends critically on the selection of gaze positions by a series of saccadic eye movements (scan path). In this selection process, visual attention is known to play a key role in two ways. First, models of image-based visual attention are able to predict the time-independent eye-fixation density. Second, millisecond-level attentional dynamics around the time of saccade drives our gaze from one position to the next. These two related research areas on attention are typically perceived as separate, both theoretically and experimentally. Here we link the two research areas by demonstrating that perisaccadic attentional dynamics improve predictions on scan path statistics in scene viewing. In a dynamical mathematical model, we identified two new theoretical principles to be essential, (i) perisaccadic covert attention for the explanation of a saccadic momentum effect and (ii) delayed inactivation of recently fixated regions for facilitation of return saccades. Our model reproduces saccade amplitude distributions, angular statistics, intersaccadic turning angles, and their impact on fixation durations as well as inter-individual differences between observers. Results are obtained from data assimilation of the mathematical model in a fully Bayesian framework that permitted rigorous statistical inference. We conclude that bridging the gap between static visual attention models and perisaccadic attentional dynamics is important for the prediction of human scene exploration behavior.

An Attempt of Formalizing the Selection Parameters for Settlements Generalization in Small-Scales

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Karsznia
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Selection Parameters ◽  
Lower Silesia ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe paper covers one of the most important problems concerning context-sensitive settlement selection for the purpose of the small-scale maps. So far, no formal parameters for small-scale settlements generalization have been specified, hence the problem seems to be an important and innovative challenge. It is also crucial from the practical point of view as it is necessary to develop appropriate generalization algorithms for the purpose of the General Geographic Objects Database generalization which is the essential Spatial Data Infrastructure component in Poland.The author proposes and verifies quantitative generalization parameters for the purpose of the settlement selection process in small-scale maps. The selection of settlements was carried out in two research areas - in Lower Silesia and Łódź Province. Based on the conducted analysis appropriate contextual-sensitive settlements selection parameters have been defined. Particular effort has been made to develop a methodology of quantitative settlements selection which would be useful in the automation processes and that would make it possible to keep specifics of generalized objects unchanged.

scholarly journals Automated music selection of video ads

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 730-738
Author(s):  
Oliver Wiesener
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Second Screen ◽  
Music Selection ◽  
Audio Channel ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The importance of video ads on social media platforms can be measured by views. For instance, Samsung’s commercial ad for one of its new smartphones reached more than 46 million viewers at Youtube. A video ad addresses the visual as well as the auditive sense of users. Often the visual sense is busy in the sense that users focus other screens than the screen with the video ad. This is called the second screen syndrome. Therefore, the importance of the audio channel seems to grow. To get back the visual attention of users that are deflected from other visual impulses it appears reasonable to adapt the music to the target group. Additionally, it appears useful to adapt the music to content of the video. Thus, the overall success of a video ad could by increased by increasing the attention of the users. Humans typically make the decision about the music of a video ad. If there is a correlation between music, products and target groups, a digitization of the music selection process seems to be possible. Since the digitization progress in the music sector is mainly focused on music composing this article strives for making a first step towards the digitization of the music selection.

IMPLEMENTASI PENENTUAN ARSITEKTUR MASJID MODERN DI ACEH MENGGUNAKAN PEMODELAN SISTEM CERDAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Masthura Hasan ◽  
T Iqbal Faridiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
Selection Of

Mosque architectural design is based on Islamic culture as an approach to objects and products from the Islamic community by looking at their suitability and values and basic principles of Islam that explore more creative and innovative ideas. The purpose of this system is to help the team and the community in seeing the best mosque in the top order so that the system can be used as a reference for the team and the community. The variables used in the selection of modern mosques include facilities and infrastructure, building structure, roof structure, mosque area, level of security and facilities. The system model used is a fuzzy promethee model that is used for the modern mosque selection process. Fuzzy inference assessment is used to determine the value of each variable so that the value remains at normal limits. Fuzzy values will then be included in promethee assessment aspects. The highest promethee ranking results will be made a priority for the best mosque ranking. This fuzzy inference system and promethee system can help the management team and the community in determining the selection of modern mosques in aceh in accordance with modern mosque architecture. Intelligent System Modeling System In Determining Modern Mosque Architecture in the City of Aceh, this building will be web based so that all elements of society can see the best mosque in Aceh by being assessed by all elements of modern mosque architecture.Keywords: Fuzzy inference system, Promethe, Option of  Masjid

scholarly journals The SoftWipe tool and benchmark for assessing coding standards adherence of scientific software

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Zapletal ◽  
Dimitri Höhler ◽  
Carsten Sinz ◽  
Alexandros Stamatakis
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Software Selection ◽  
Scientific Software ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Coding Standards ◽  
Scientific Results

AbstractScientific software from all areas of scientific research is pivotal to obtaining novel insights. Yet the coding standards adherence of scientific software is rarely assessed, even though it might lead to incorrect scientific results in the worst case. Therefore, we have developed an open source tool and benchmark called , that provides a relative software coding standards adherence ranking of 48 computational tools from diverse research areas. can be used in the review process of software papers and to inform the scientific software selection process.

scholarly journals Visual Attention and Aging: an Age-Related Cognitive Model of Positive Adaptation

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
José Manuel Rodríguez-Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Positive Adaptation ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Healthy Young People

We have studied the effects of normal aging on visual attention. Have participated a group of 38 healthy elderly people with an average age of 67.8 years and a group of 39 healthy young people with average age of 19.2 years. In a first experiment of visual detection, response times were recorded, with and without covert attention, to the presentation of stimuli (0.5º in diameter grey circles) appearing in three eccentricities (2.15, 3.83 and 5.53° of visual field) and with three levels of contrast (6, 16 and 78%). In a second experiment of visual form discrimination circles and squares with the same features as in the previous experiment were presented, but in this case subjects only should respond to the emergence of the circles. In both age groups, the covert attention reduced response times. Compared to young people, the older group achieved better results in some aspects of attention tests and response times were reduced more in the stimuli of greater eccentricity. The data suggest that there is a mechanism of adaptation in aging, in which visual attention especially favors the perception of those stimuli more difficult to detec

scholarly journals Attention and its Role: Theories and Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Athanasios Drigas ◽  
Maria Karyotaki
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Saliency Map ◽  
Saccadic Suppression ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Attentional Deployment ◽  
Affect And Cognition ◽  
Visual Scenes ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Complete Account

Motivation, affect and cognition are interrelated. However, the control of attentional deployment and more specifically, attempting to provide a more complete account of the interactions between the dorsal and ventral processing streams is still a challenge. The interaction between overt and covert attention is particularly important for models concerned with visual search. Further modeling of such interactions can assist to scrutinize many mechanisms, such as saccadic suppression, dynamic remapping of the saliency map and inhibition of return, covert pre-selection of targets for overt saccades and online understanding of complex visual scenes.

scholarly journals Optimising the selection of food items for FFQs using Mixed Integer Linear Programming

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna C Gerdessen ◽  
Olga W Souverein ◽  
Pieter van ‘t Veer ◽  
Jeanne HM de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Integer Linear Programming ◽  
Mixed Integer Linear Programming ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Milp Model ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractObjectiveTo support the selection of food items for FFQs in such a way that the amount of information on all relevant nutrients is maximised while the food list is as short as possible.DesignSelection of the most informative food items to be included in FFQs was modelled as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model. The methodology was demonstrated for an FFQ with interest in energy, total protein, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, total carbohydrates, mono- and disaccharides, dietary fibre and potassium.ResultsThe food lists generated by the MILP model have good performance in terms of length, coverage and R2 (explained variance) of all nutrients. MILP-generated food lists were 32–40 % shorter than a benchmark food list, whereas their quality in terms of R2 was similar to that of the benchmark.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the MILP model makes the selection process faster, more standardised and transparent, and is especially helpful in coping with multiple nutrients. The complexity of the method does not increase with increasing number of nutrients. The generated food lists appear either shorter or provide more information than a food list generated without the MILP model.

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