Insulin sensitivity is increased and fat oxidation after a high-fat meal is reduced in normal-weight healthy men with strong familial predisposition to overweight

Abstract Background This study investigated the effects of ingesting meals with the same calorie intake but distinct nutritional contents after exercise on postprandial lipemia the next day. Methods Eight healthy male participants completed two 2-day trials in a random order. On day 1, the participants underwent five 12 min bouts of cycling exercise with a bout of higher intensity exercise (4 min) after each and then a bout of lower intensity cycling (2 min). The total exercise time was 90 min. After the exercise, the participants ingested three high-fat or low-fat meals. On Day 2, the participants were asked to rest in the laboratory and ingest a high-fat meal. Their postprandial reaction after a high-fat meal was observed. Results Postprandial triglyceride concentrations in the high-fat diet trial and low-fat diet trial exhibited nonsignificant differences. Total TG AUC were no significantly different on HF trial and LF trial (HF: 6.63 ± 3.2; LF: 7.20 ± 3.4 mmol/L*4 h. p = 0.586). However, the postprandial fat oxidation rate total AUC (HF: 0.58 ± 0.1; LF: 0.39 ± 0.2 g/min*4 h. p = 0.045), plasma glucose, and insulin concentration of the high-fat trial were significantly higher than those of the low-fat trial. Conclusions This study revealed that meals with distinct nutritional contents after a 90-min exercise increased the postprandial fat oxidation rate but did not influence the postprandial lipemia after a high-fat meal the next day.

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Leptin secretion after a high-fat meal in normal-weight rats: strong predictor of long-term body fat accrual on a high-fat diet

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00609.2004 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 290 (2) ◽

pp. E258-E267 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

S. F. Leibowitz ◽

G.-Q. Chang ◽

J. T. Dourmashkin ◽

R. Yun ◽

C. Julien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Strong Predictor ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Orexigenic Peptide ◽

Fat Meal

The objective of this study was to investigate meal-related endocrine changes that permit one to identify Sprague-Dawley rats at normal weight that are prone (OP) vs. resistant (OR) to obesity. In blood collected via chronic cardiac catheters, a 2-h high-fat meal (HFM, 50% fat, 40 kcal) at dark onset caused a significant increase in leptin, insulin, and triglycerides compared with premeal levels. Similar to patterns in already obese compared with lean rats on a high-fat diet, these meal-induced endocrine changes in normal-weight rats on lab chow were almost twofold larger in OP rats that, compared with OR rats, subsequently accumulated 100% more fat mass on a chronic high-fat diet. These exaggerated endocrine changes were similarly observed in blood collected using a simpler tail vein puncture procedure. In three separate experiments, the HFM-induced rise in leptin was found to be the strongest, positive correlate ( r = +0.58, +0.62 and +0.64) of long-term body fat accrual. The lowest (2–5 ng/ml) vs. highest (6–9 ng/ml) scores for this post-HFM leptin measurement identified distinct OR and OP subgroups, respectively, when they were similar in body weight (340–350 g), premeal leptin (2.6–3.4 ng/ml), and meal size (40 kcal). Subsequent tests in these normal-weight OP rats revealed a distinct characteristic compared with OR rats, namely, exaggerated HFM-induced rise in expression of the orexigenic peptide galanin in the paraventricular nucleus. Thus, with this HFM-induced leptin measurement, OP rats can be identified while still at normal weight and then investigated for mechanisms that contribute to their excessive body fat accrual on a high-fat diet.

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Evidence for an abnormal postprandial response to a high-fat meal in women predisposed to obesity

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1994.267.4.e549 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 267 (4) ◽

pp. E549-E559 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A. Raben ◽

H. B. Andersen ◽

N. J. Christensen ◽

J. Madsen ◽

J. J. Holst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Maintenance ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽

Normal Weight ◽

High Fat ◽

Pronounced Increase ◽

Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue Lipoprotein Lipase ◽

History Of Obesity ◽

Fat Meal

The present study was undertaken to investigate fat metabolism after a high-fat meal [50 energy percent (E%) fat] in formerly obese subjects with a familial history of obesity. Twelve normal-weight postobese women (PO) and 12 closely matched controls were given the test meal after a 2-day carbohydrate-rich weight-maintenance diet (58 E% carbohydrate). Whereas the thermic effect of the meals was similar in the two groups, postprandial fat oxidation was 2.5 times more suppressed in PO compared with controls (P < 0.05). A similarly enhanced suppression of arterialized plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids was seen postprandially in PO (P < 0.05), possibly due to a more marked suppression of epinephrine and a reduced glucagon response in PO than in controls. Moreover, the postprandial plasma triglyceride response was attenuated and only amounted to 43% of that in controls (P < 0.05). This may be explained by a more pronounced increase in gastric inhibitory polypeptide in PO, giving rise to a higher adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity. No other differences were found in plasma substrates and hormones or in subjective appetite scores. In conclusion, a metabolic and hormonal pattern favoring lipid storage was observed in postobese subjects after a high-fat meal.

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