We live in a new era of nano- and microtechnologies, applied in fundamental science and more and more in life sciences and industrial technologies. The review aims to reveal the progress in using miniaturized devices (biosensors, nanocomposites) for identifying foodborne patogens or chemicals, risk factors which can evidentiate the quality and safety of food products in the technological chain up to the consumer. Lab-on-a-chip concept (LOC) defines specific miniaturized devices produced our days by highly specialized companies to make fast, low price and high sensibility which reflect the presence and the quantity of specific plant, food or human tissue /blood chemical/molecular marker.