Ionic Liquid Thin Films: Potential Solution to Lubricate Miniaturized Devices

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qunji Xue ◽  
Bo Yu ◽  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Ping Gao ◽  
Yongmin Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Liquid Films ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Substrate Surfaces ◽  
Vinyl Group ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Miniaturized Devices

The tribological properties of ultra-thin ionic liquid films (IL films) were evaluated using a Universal Micro-tribometer-2MT tester. The morphologies of the wear tracks of the films and the counterpart surfaces were examined using a JEM-1200EX scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a Kevex energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDXA) attachment. It was found that the tribological performances of IL films were closely related to the chemical characteristics of the substrate surfaces. The films of vinyl group functionalized ionic liquids on hydroxylated substrate and vinyl group modified substrate exhibited very good friction-reduction and wear-resistant properties. IL films can be a potential solution to the lubrication of miniaturized devices.

Synthesis of Nickel Hydroxide with Different Morphologies Using an Ionic Liquid

2010 ◽  
Vol 663-665 ◽  
pp. 1163-1166
Author(s):  
Cun Ying Xu ◽  
Yi Xin Hua
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reaction Media ◽  
Solvothermal Conditions ◽  
Facile Route ◽  
Scanning Electron

A new and facile route has been developed to synthesize β-Ni(OH)2 nanostructures using ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF4) as reaction media under solvothermal conditions. The β-Ni(OH)2 with different morphologies, such as nanoflakes, nanoplatelet and nanorods, can be obtained by controlling the volume ratio of the ionic liquid to water and reaction temperature. The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

scholarly journals Preparation of Reswellable Amorphous Porous Celluloses through Hydrogelation from Ionic Liquid Solutions

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Idenoue ◽  
Yoshitaka Oga ◽  
Daichi Hashimoto ◽  
Kazuya Yamamoto ◽  
Jun-ichi Kadokawa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Liquid Solutions ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Porous Morphology ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, we have performed the preparation of reswellable amorphous porous celluloses through regeneration from hydrogels. The cellulose hydrogels were first prepared from solutions with an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl), in different concentrations. Lyophilization of the hydrogels efficiently produced the regenerated celluloses. The powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic measurements of the products suggest an amorphous structure and porous morphology, respectively. Furthermore, the pore sizes of the regenerated celluloses, or in turn, the network sizes of cellulose chains in the hydrogels, were dependent on the concentrations of the initially prepared solutions with BMIMCl, which also affected the tensile mechanical properties. It was suggested that the dissolution states of the cellulose chains in the solutions were different, in accordance with the concentrations, which representatively dominated the pore and network sizes of the above materials. When the porous celluloses were immersed in water, reswelling was observed to regenerate the hydrogels.

Fabrication and Properties of Panicum repens Reinforced Cement

2018 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Varinthorn Boonyaroj ◽  
Sirichai Saramanus
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
Panicum Repens ◽  
Reinforced Cement ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Scanning Electron

This research aims to fabrication and evaluation the properties of cement reinforcement made from Panicumrepens. The research is divided into two parts are as follows; to determined the optimal ratio selection, and to compare the properties of Panicumrepens reinforced cement, and without grasses by using the optimal ratio. The raw materials used in this research were cut in length of 2.0-2.5 cm. In this research was determined the properties of Panicumrepens reinforced cement in terms of bulk density, water absorption, and compressive strength. The influence of fibers soaked with 5% of sodium hydroxide concentration was also conducted in this research. The surface structure and chemical characteristics of fibers used to produce reinforced cement were observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDS), respectively. Moreover, relationships of information collected from this research were concerned. Furthermore, the addition of Panicumrepens fibers could improve the flexural strength of composite materials.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Shungite Rock of Kazakhstan

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Efremov ◽  
S.V. Nechipurenko ◽  
M.K. Kazankapova ◽  
B. Washington ◽  
Kh.S. Tassibekov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elementary Analysis ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Developed Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Shungite Carbon

Physico-chemical characteristics of shugite rocks of Kazakhstan (Bakyrchik deposit) were studied using the methods of elementary analysis, IR-spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray phase analysis. The content of carbon in shungite rock was determined to be from 3% to 19%. The flotation technology for shungite rocks of Kazakhstan was developed, the content of carbon in the concentrate reaching 40.0%. When studying the elemental composition, the mineral part of shungite rocks was stated to be presented, mainly, by silicon, aluminium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron and titanium oxides. IR-spectroscopic investigations showed that in the concentrate, apart from polycyclic hydrocarbons containing methylene groups, there appeared carboxyl groups. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that flotation and thermal activation of shungite rocks on carbon allow obtaining a more developed surface structure and porosity. The structure of shungite carbon was shown by the method of Raman scattering to be close to that of glassy carbon. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) of natural shungite rocks showed that the samples under study contained a carbonaceous substance and a number of mineral components: quartz, illite, bassanite, burgerite, muscovite. It is shown that shungite carbon of “Bakyrchik” deposit is identical to shungite of Zazhogino deposit in Russia. The stated physicochemical characteristics allow to determine the directions of the use of carbon concentrate for solution of ecological and technological problems.

scholarly journals Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1553-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Salama ◽  
Mike Neumann ◽  
Christina Günter ◽  
Andreas Taubert
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Regenerative Therapies ◽  
Scanning Electron

Cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials were synthesized via an ionic liquid-assisted route. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis show that, depending on the reaction conditions, cellulose/hydroxyapatite, cellulose/chlorapatite, or cellulose/monetite composites form. Preliminary studies with MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts show that the cells proliferate on the hybrid materials suggesting that the ionic liquid-based process yields materials that are potentially useful as scaffolds for regenerative therapies.

Tribological activity of ionic liquid stabilized calcium-doped ceria nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
pp. 135065012093500
Author(s):  
Bharat Kumar ◽  
Dinesh K Verma ◽  
Kavita ◽  
Rashmi B Rastogi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Wear Scar ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Doped Ceria ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

10% Calcium-doped ceria (CCO) nanoparticles have been synthesized by sol–gel method. Their surface has been modified by surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate and 1-decyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) imide to yield SCCO and IL-CCO respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of nanoparticles and surface modified nanoparticles are indicative of cubic phase of ceria. Fourier transform infrared spectra confirm the surface modification of nanoparticles, particularly with ionic liquid. Morphology of the as-prepared nanoparticles investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy/high-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that there is decrease in size of nanoparticles from CCO followed by SCCO and then IL-CCO. Wrapping of nanoparticles by ionic liquid is apparent in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images. The tribological activity of the well-characterized nanoparticles has been evaluated at the optimized concentration, 0.2% w/v in paraffin oil under ASTM D4172 and ASTM D5183 test conditions using a four-ball tester. Based on tribological parameters, mean wear scar diameter, average friction coefficient, load-carrying capacity, and loss of frictional power, their relative performance followed the order – IL-CCO > SCCO > CCO. Worn surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy corroborated the tribological performance. The order of the activity could be correlated with the size of the nanoparticles. Moreover, lubricating properties of ionic liquid have been instrumental for the exalted activity of IL-CCO. The presence of heteroatoms of ionic liquid, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, sulfur along with calcium and cerium of nanoparticles in energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy analysis of the wear scar surface lubricated with IL-CCO confirms the vital role of ionic liquid towards the tribological activity.

Analysis of LiFePO4 Cathodic Active Material Synthesized in Open Environment Conditions through Ionic Medium

2015 ◽  
Vol 1774 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Darren W. Kwee ◽  
Taehoon Lim ◽  
Alfredo Martinez-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Open Environment ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Ionic Liquid Medium

ABSTRACTIn this work, LiFePO4 (LFP) particles were synthesized through an ionic liquid medium. Through the fabrication of LFP particles, we observed the formation of quasi-1−dimensional (1D) structures. The characterization of phases found in the reaction, through time-dependent studies, have led us to propose a possible scheme for particle formation.Synthesized material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). We also report our analysis on particle morphology and crystallinity of LFP particles synthesized through an ionic liquid−mediated process.

scholarly journals Possibility of Scanning Electron Microscope Observation and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis in Microscale Region of Insulating Samples Using Diluted Ionic Liquid

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Imashuku ◽  
Tetsuo Kawakami ◽  
Long Ze ◽  
Jun Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Light Elements ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Sem Observation ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe possibility of scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry analysis in microscale regions of insulating samples using diluted ionic liquid was investigated. It is possible to obtain clear secondary electron images of insulating samples such as a rock and mineral at 5,000 times magnification by dropping 10 μL of 1 wt% of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMI-CH3COO) diluted with ethanol onto the samples. We also obtained EDX spectra of the samples in microscale regions (∼5 μm2) without overlapping EDX spectra of other minerals with different composition. It might be possible to perform quantitative analysis of the samples if a method that does not need standard samples is applied or an X-ray detector sensitive for light elements was attached. The method of dropping 1 wt% EMI-CH3COO diluted with ethanol onto insulating samples is useful for SEM observation, EDX analysis in microscale regions, and the preservation of scarce rock and mineral samples because ionic liquid can be easily removed with acetone.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL-MINERАLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BAUXITES FROM DIFFERENT DEPOSITS

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Оstojić ◽  
Dragica Lazić ◽  
Branko Škundrić ◽  
Jelena Penavin Škundrić ◽  
Slavica Sladojević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

From the aspect of their chemical and mineralogical composition, bauxites are very complex multicomponent raw materials. The paper presents the characterization of bauxite from several different deposits: Brazil, Milići, Čitluk and Kosovo. Chemical characteristics were determined by a combination of different analytical methods: gravimetry, potentiometric titration, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Mineralogical composition was determined using X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis methods. Chemical and structural characterization is complemented by the results of scanning electron microscopy with EDX analysis. The information obtained was used for the assessment of the quality of investigated bauxites from the aspect of their application in the production of alumina.

Synthesis of Lithium Thin Film by Electrodeposition from Ionic Liquid

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 1049-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesik Park ◽  
Jaeo Lee ◽  
C. K. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Cyclic Voltammograms ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Au Electrode ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metallic Lithium ◽  
Reduction Current ◽  
Scanning Electron

Synthesis of metallic lithium thin film was investigated from two ionic liquid of [EMIM]Tf2N and PP13Tf2N with LiTFSI as a lithium source. Cyclic voltammograms on Au electrode showed the possibility of the electrodeposition of metallic lithium, the reduction current in [EMIM]Tf2N was higher than the value in PP13Tf2N. The metallic lithium thin film could be synthesized on the Au electrode by the potentiostatic condition, which was confirmed by various analytical techniques including x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The lithium surface electrodeposited was uniformly without dendrite, any impurity was not detected except trace oxygen contaminated during handling for analyses.

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