<p>Bone marrow derived stem cells express biomarkers capable of
facilitating adhesion to the cell culturing microenvironment, thereby,
influencing their proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In particular,
biological biomarkers of mesenchymal stem cells include, but are not limited to,
CD14-, CD19-, CD34-, CD45-, CD29, CD44, CD73+, CD90+, CD105+, CD106, CD166,
Stro-1, and HLADR. The relationship between the stem cell biology and the materials
and methods forming a cell culturing microenvironment serves as a critical
aspect in the successful adhesion and growth within two-dimensional cell
culture microenvironments such as polystyrene, laminin, fibronectin, or
poly-L-lysine and within three-dimensional cell culture microenvironments such
as hydrogel, ceramic, collagen, polymer based nanofibers, agitation, forced
floating, and hang drop systems. Further, electrical stimulation of the stem
cells may be implemented during the cell culturing process to measure stem cell
growth and to determine stem cell viability. In addition, electrical
stimulation of implanted stem cells may facilitate tracking by measuring stem cell
migration distance and travel area. Although many biochemical and inflammatory
biomarkers are expressed based on severity in stroke including, but not limited
to, Interluken-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and glutamate
(Glu), current methodologies of stem cell directing lack localization and
biological effector specificity. Biological effector bound magnetic particle
stem cells may serve as a potential treatment method in ischemic stroke. In
particular, a stem cell biomarker may be configured to communicate with
inflammatory biomarkers, thus, more efficiently delivering the stem cells to
site specific areas having the most severely affected <i>in-vivo</i> biochemical microenvironments.</p>
Morphological and immunocytochemical characteristics indicate the yield of early progenitors and represent a quality control for human mesenchymal stem cell culturing