Oxy-bridged bis(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)furazan and its energetic salts paired with nitrogen-rich cations: highly thermally stable energetic materials with low sensitivity

The internal defect is an important factor that could influence the energy and safety properties of energetic materials. RDX samples of two qualities were characterized and simulated to reveal the influence of different defects on sensitivity. The internal defects were characterized with optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and microfocus X-ray computed tomography technology. The results show that high-density RDX has fewer defects and a more uniform distribution. Based on the characterization results, defect models with different defect rates and distribution were established. The simulation results show that the models with fewer internal defects lead to shorter N-NO2 maximum bond lengths and greater cohesive energy density (CED). The maximum bond length and CED can be used as the criterion for the relative sensitivity of RDX, and therefore defect models doped with different solvents are established. The results show that the models doped with propylene carbonate and acetone lead to higher sensitivity. This may help to select the solvent to prepare low-sensitivity RDX. The results reported in this paper are aiming at the development of a more convenient and low-cost method for studying the influence of internal defects on the sensitivity of energetic materials.

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3-R-4-(5-methyleneazide-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)furazan and its ionic salts as low-sensitivity and high-detonation energetic materials

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d1nj01099a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rui Yang ◽

Yifei Liu ◽

Zhen Dong ◽

Haiyan Li ◽

Zhiwen Ye

Keyword(s):

Melting Point ◽

Energetic Materials ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Azide Group ◽

Design And Synthesis ◽

Ionic Salts ◽

Low Sensitivity

As an environmentally friendly energetic group, the azide group can not only control the melting point but also increase the energy of the compound. Therefore, the design and synthesis of...

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Crystal Engineering for Creating Low Sensitivity and Highly Energetic Materials

Crystal Growth & Design ◽

10.1021/acs.cgd.8b00929 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5713-5726 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Chaoyang Zhang ◽

Fangbao Jiao ◽

Hongzhen Li

Keyword(s):

Crystal Engineering ◽

Energetic Materials ◽

Highly Energetic Materials ◽

Low Sensitivity

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Structure–Performance Relationship in Thermally Stable Energetic Materials: Tunable Physical Properties of Benzopyridotetraazapentalene by Incorporating Amino Groups, Hydrogen Bonding, and π–π Interactions

Crystal Growth & Design ◽

10.1021/acs.cgd.0c00026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 2106-2114 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wen-Jing Geng ◽

Qing Ma ◽

Ya Chen ◽

Wei Yang ◽

Yun-Fei Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Bonding ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Energetic Materials ◽

Thermally Stable ◽

Amino Groups ◽

Π Interactions

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A series of energetic cyclo-pentazolate salts: rapid synthesis, characterization, and promising performance

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c9ta01077g ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (20) ◽

pp. 12468-12479 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Yuangang Xu ◽

Lili Tian ◽

Dongxue Li ◽

Pengcheng Wang ◽

Ming Lu

Keyword(s):

Rapid Method ◽

Energetic Materials ◽

Next Generation ◽

Rapid Synthesis ◽

Energetic Salts

A family of cyclo-pentazolate anion-based energetic salts was designed and synthesized by a rapid method, and these salts were evaluated as potential next generation energetic materials.

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Synthesis and Characteristics of Energetic Materials Based on 1,2-Dinitroguanidine

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch14060 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 67 (7) ◽

pp. 1037 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bingcheng Hu ◽

Xinghui Jin ◽

Huanqing Jia ◽

Zuliang Liu ◽

Chunxu Lv

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Energetic Materials ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Detonation Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Energetic Salts ◽

Thermal Kinetic Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

A series of energetic salts based on 1,2-dinitroguanidine were successfully synthesised and fully characterised using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that all the salts possess higher detonation properties (detonation pressures and velocities ranging from 24.8 to 30.3 GPa and 7665 to 8422 m s–1, respectively) than those of trinitrotolouene (TNT, 2,4,6-trinitromethylbenzene). The thermal stability and thermal kinetic parameters were also investigated to give a better understanding of the physical and chemical properties of these energetic salts.

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