Synthesis and chemical properties of PCA, an unusual amino acid in luzopeptins

Исследован аминокислотный состав столового сухого белого виноматериала Пино Блан, полученного сбраживанием виноградного сусла расой активных дрожжей штамма WT-1 (Германия) с последующей выдержкой молодого виноматериала на дрожжевой гуще в течение 30 сут. Установлено, что в анализируемом виноматериале доминирует пролин (422 мг/дм3). Количество аминокислот аланина и аспарагина составило 67,2 и 57,6 мг/дм3 тирозина и серина 18,4 и 17,7 мг/дм3 метионина и изолейцина 16,2 и 14,4 мг/дм3 соответственно. Глутаминовой кислоты содержится в 3 раза меньше пролина. Оклейка молодого виноматериала привела к снижению концентрации аминокислот независимо от строения и химических свойств: глицина в 3,5 раза аланина, изолейцина, серина, фенилаланина, гистидина от 2,0 до 2,7 раза аспарагина, валина, треонина, тирозина, лизина, цистина и цистеина от 1,3 до 1,9 раза. Концентрация пролина снизилась незначительно c 422 до 389 мг/дм3. После выдержки молодого виноматериала на дрожжевой гуще в течение 1 мес. концентрация большинства аминокислот не повысилась. Обработка виноматериала бентонитом привела к дальнейшему снижению концентрации аминокислот в 1,52,0 раза. Отмечено уменьшение в 1,72 раза количества цистина и цистеина, обусловливающих формирование мышиного тона в виноматериалах. В 1,57 раза снизилась концентрация тирозина в 2,7 и 2,3 раза гистидина и серина соответственно. Проведенное исследование будет способствовать дальнейшим работам по стабилизации концентрации основных аминокислот в виноматериалах. The amino acid composition of table dry white wine material Pinot Blanc was studied, obtained by fermentation of grape must with a race of active yeast strain WT-1 (Germany), followed by exposure of the young wine material to yeast for 30 days. It was established that proline (422 mg/dm3) prevails in the analyzed wine material. The number of amino acids of alanine and asparagine was 67,2 and 57,6 mg/dm3 tyrosine and serine 18,4 and 17,7 mg/dm3 methionine and isoleucine 16,2 and 14,4 mg/dm3, respectively. Glutamic acid is 3 times less than proline. Pasting of young wine material led to a decrease in the concentration of amino acids, regardless of structure and chemical properties: glycine by 3,5 times alanine, isoleucine, serine, phenylalanine, histidine from 2,0 to 2,7 times asparagine, valine, threonine, tyrosine, lysine, cystine and cysteine from 1,3 to 1,9 times. The proline concentration decreased slightly from 422 to 389 mg/dm3. After aging the young wine material on yeast for 1 month, the concentration of most amino acids did not increase. Processing of wine material with bentonite led to a further decrease in the concentration of amino acids by 1,52,0 times. There was a 1,72-fold decrease in the amount of cystine and cysteine. The tyrosine concentration decreased 1,57 times 2,7 and 2,3 times histidine and serine, respectively. The study will contribute to further work on stabilizing the concentration of basic amino acids in wine materials.

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Peptide reagent design based on physical and chemical properties of amino acid residues

Journal of Computational Chemistry ◽

10.1002/jcc.20732 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 28 (12) ◽

pp. 2043-2050 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Qi-Shi Du ◽

Ri-Bo Huang ◽

Yu-Tuo Wei ◽

Cheng-Hua Wang ◽

Kuo-Chen Chou

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Amino Acid Residues ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

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Exploring amino acid functions in a deep mutational landscape

10.1101/2020.05.26.116756 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alistair Dunham ◽

Pedro Beltrao

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Clustering Analysis ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Mutational Landscape ◽

Charged Amino Acids ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Recent Developments ◽

And Chemical Properties

AbstractAmino acids fulfil a diverse range of roles in proteins, each utilising its chemical properties in different ways in different contexts to create required functions. For example, cysteines form disulphide or hydrogen bonds in different circumstances and charged amino acids do not always make use of their charge. The repertoire of amino acid functions and the frequency at which they occur in proteins remains understudied. Measuring large numbers of mutational consequences, which can elucidate the role an amino acid plays, was prohibitively time consuming until recent developments in deep mutational scanning. In this study we gathered data from 28 deep mutational scanning studies, covering 6291 positions in 30 proteins, and used the consequences of mutation at each position to define a mutational landscape. We demonstrated rich relationships between this landscape and biophysical or evolutionary properties. Finally, we identified 100 functional amino acid subtypes with a data-driven clustering analysis and studied their features, including their frequencies and chemical properties such as tolerating polarity, hydrophobicity or being intolerant of charge or specific amino acids. The mutational landscape and amino acid subtypes provide a foundational catalogue of amino acid functional diversity, which will be refined as the number of studied protein positions increases.

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Statistical criteria of stellar population types

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900053304 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 101-110

Author(s):

W. Iwanowska

Keyword(s):

Stellar Population ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Spectrophotometric Study ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Population Type ◽

The Galaxy ◽

Distribution Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Statistical Criteria ◽

And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

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The microstructure of a TiB2/Ti-47 Al composite material

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100155347 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 674-675

Author(s):

O. Popoola ◽

A.H. Heuer ◽

P. Pirouz

Keyword(s):

Composite Material ◽

Ion Beam ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Intermetallic Alloys ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Diamond Polishing ◽

Al Composite ◽

The Matrix ◽

Argon Ion ◽

And Chemical Properties

The addition of fibres or particles (TiB2, SiC etc.) into TiAl intermetallic alloys could increase their toughness without compromising their good high temperature mechanical and chemical properties. This paper briefly discribes the microstructure developed by a TiAl/TiB2 composite material fabricated with the XD™ process and forged at 960°C.The specimens for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were prepared in the usual way (i.e. diamond polishing and argon ion beam thinning) and examined on a JEOL 4000EX for microstucture and on a Philips 400T equipped with a SiLi detector for microanalyses.The matrix was predominantly γ (TiAl with L10 structure) and α2(TisAl with DO 19 structure) phases with various morphologies shown in figure 1.

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Tailoring microstructures of materials through biomimetics

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100148332 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 500-501

Author(s):

Mehmet Sarikaya ◽

Ilhan A. Aksay

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Design And Synthesis ◽

Structure Sensitive ◽

Macro Scale ◽

Methods Of Synthesis ◽

Successive Level ◽

Engineering Materials ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties ◽

Synthesis Of Materials

Biomimetics involves investigation of structure, function, and methods of synthesis of biological composite materials. The goal is to apply this information to the design and synthesis of materials for engineering applications.Properties of engineering materials are structure sensitive through the whole spectrum of dimensions from nanometer to macro scale. The goal in designing and processing of technological materials, therefore, is to control microstructural evolution at each of these dimensions so as to achieve predictable physical and chemical properties. Control at each successive level of dimension, however, is a major challenge as is the retention of integrity between successive levels. Engineering materials are rarely fabricated to achieve more than a few of the desired properties and the synthesis techniques usually involve high temperature or low pressure conditions that are energy inefficient and environmentally damaging.In contrast to human-made materials, organisms synthesize composites whose intricate structures are more controlled at each scale and hierarchical order.

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