scholarly journals Oxygen-tolerant proton reduction catalysis: much O2 about nothing?

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2283-2295 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Wakerley ◽  
Erwin Reisner
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Proton Reduction ◽  
Catalytic Surfaces ◽  
Enzymatic Systems

This perspective summarises strategies for avoiding adverse effects of O2 on H2-evolving enzymatic systems, molecular synthetic catalysts and catalytic surfaces.

Catalytic Methods for the Production of Sugar Esters

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
M. A. Otache ◽  
R. U. Duru ◽  
O. Achugasim ◽  
O. J. Abayeh
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Catalytic Surface ◽  
Sugar Esters ◽  
Catalytic Surfaces ◽  
Enzymatic Systems ◽  
Green Synthetic Chemistry ◽  
Bio Compatibility ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
By Products

Nowadays, Sugar esters (SEs) have become the focus of researchers due to their biocompatibility and extensive industrial applications as surfactants. This trend provides new methods and opportunities for the development of green synthetic chemistry. Taking the above into consideration, a critical review presented in this work emphasized the efficiency of catalyzing the synthesis of SEs with minimal hazardous by-products. These catalytic media have been employed with various impacts involving chemical, biological, and other catalytic materials. Chemical methods have been reported to show limitations in terms of preparation and bio-compatibility. To solve these shortcomings, therefore, other technologies have been adopted; ionic liquids (eutectic solvents), chemo-enzymatic systems and chemo-enzymatic systems on a catalytic surface. The use of chemo-enzymatic systems on catalytic surfaces has proved to be suitable in solving biocompatibility and stability problems and correspondingly increasing the yield of esters formed. Therefore, finding an improved catalytic surface, and the sustainable optimal reaction conditions for enzymes will be vital to improving sugar ester conversion. This study highlights the different catalytic advances employed in the esterification of SEs.

The Influence of Specimen Thickness in Quantitative Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 112-113
Author(s):  
Nestor J. Zaluzec
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Light Element ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

The application of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) to light element analysis is rapidly becoming an important aspect of the microcharacterization of solids in materials science, however relatively stringent requirements exist on the specimen thickness under which one can obtain EELS data due to the adverse effects of multiple inelastic scattering.1,2 This study was initiated to determine the limitations on quantitative analysis of EELS data due to specimen thickness.

The Adverse Effects of a Language Disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Sandra A. Karas
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Language Disorder

Sepsis Protocol Helps Minimize Adverse Effects of High BMI

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (14) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
MARY ELLEN SCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
High Bmi

Abhängigkeitspotenzial und andere Risiken von Opioidanalgetika im Alter

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk K. Wolter
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Psychische Störungen ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Alte Menschen ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Icd 10

Zusammenfassung. Zielsetzung: Übersicht über Suchtpotenzial und andere Risiken von Opioidanalgetika im höheren Lebensalter. Methodik: Narrativ review. Literaturrecherche in PubMed (Suchbegriffe: opioid analgesics UND abuse; opioid analgesics UND dependence; opioid analgesics UND addiction; opioid analgesics UND adverse effects; jeweils UND elderly) sowie aktuellen einschlägigen Standardwerken; Auswahl nach altersmedizinischer Relevanz und Aktualität. Ergebnisse: Die Verordnung von Opioidanalgetika (OA) hat in den letzten 25 Jahren massiv zugenommen, die weitaus meisten Verordnungen entfallen auf alte Menschen und Menschen mit chronischen Nicht-Tumorschmerzen (CNTS). Die diagnostischen Kriterien für die Opiatabhängigkeit in ICD-10 und DSM-5 sind für die OA-Behandlung von CNTS ungeeignet. Bei langfristiger OA-Behandlung bei CNTS kann eine spezifische Form von Abhängigkeit entstehen, die nicht mit der illegalen Opiat-(Heroin-)Sucht gleichzusetzen ist. Vorbestehende Suchterkrankungen und andere psychische Störungen sind die wesentlichsten Risikofaktoren. Weitere Nebenwirkungen sind zu beachten. Schmerztherapie bei Suchtkranken stellt eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Anwendung von OA bei CNTS verlangt eine sorgfältige Indikationsstellung. Die besondere Form der Abhängigkeit von OA ist nicht ausreichend erforscht und wird zu wenig beachtet.

Inter-Method Reliability of Pulse Volume Related Measures Derived Using Finger-Photoplethysmography

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenta Matsumura ◽  
Koichi Shimizu ◽  
Peter Rolfe ◽  
Masanori Kakimoto ◽  
Takehiro Yamakoshi
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Current Component ◽  
Psychophysiological Measures ◽  
Pulse Volume ◽  
Optical Paths ◽  
Sensor Positions

Abstract. Pulse volume (PV) and its related measures, such as modified normalized pulse volume (mNPV), direct-current component (DC), and pulse rate (PR), derived from the finger-photoplethysmogram (FPPG), are useful psychophysiological measures. Although considerable uncertainties exist in finger-photoplethysmography, little is known about the extent of the adverse effects on the measures. In this study, we therefore examined the inter-method reliability of each index across sensor positions and light intensities, which are major disturbance factors of FPPG. From the tips of the index fingers of 12 participants in a resting state, three simultaneous FPPGs having overlapping optical paths were recorded, with their light intensity being changed in three steps. The analysis revealed that the minimum values of three coefficients of Cronbach’s α for ln PV, ln mNPV, ln DC, and PR across positions were .948, .850, .922, and 1.000, respectively, and that those across intensities were .774, .985, .485, and .998, respectively. These findings suggest that ln mNPV and PR can be used for psychophysiological studies irrespective of minor differences in sensor attachment positions and light source intensity, whereas and ln DC can also be used for such studies but under the condition of light intensity being fixed.

Adverse effects of cocaine abuse.

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold M. Washton ◽  
Andrew Tatarsky
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cocaine Abuse
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