Understanding the growth and composition evolution of gold-seeded ternary InGaAs nanowires

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (39) ◽  
pp. 16266-16272 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Ameruddin ◽  
P. Caroff ◽  
H. H. Tan ◽  
C. Jagadish ◽  
V. G. Dubrovskii
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Nanowire Growth ◽  
Growth Trend

A simple nanowire growth model is established to explain the observed growth trend of ternary InGaAs nanowires, in particular, their growth rate and composition.

PATENT LENGTH AND PRICE REGULATION IN AN R&D GROWTH MODEL WITH MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinli Zeng ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Michael Ka-Yiu Fung
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Monopolistic Competition ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Price Regulation ◽  
Monopoly Pricing ◽  
Patent Length ◽  
Variety Expansion ◽  
Welfare Ranking

This paper considers the effects of patent length and price regulation in an R&D growth model with variety expansion. Innovation requires lower bounds on patent length and price. Increasing patent duration promotes growth; increasing the cap on the price of patented products promotes growth below the monopoly-pricing level. Each policy instrument can raise welfare unless excessively used, and their welfare ranking depends on parameterizations. It is desirable, on welfare grounds, to limit patent protection along both dimensions, namely by limiting patent length and capping the price of patented products. Such limits raise welfare despite reducing the growth rate.

Nickel Alloy Crack Growth Correlations in BWR Environment and Application to Core Support Structure Welds Evaluation

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Pathania ◽  
Robert G. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Crack Growth Rate ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Thickness Direction ◽  
Support Structure ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Crack Growth Model ◽  
Crack Growth Rates

An intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) growth model for unirradiated nickel-base alloys (Alloys 82, 182 and 600) in boiling water reactor (BWR) environments has been developed by EPRI. This model has been used for assessment of the crack growth rates in BWR nickel base austenitic alloys with particular application to the BWR shroud support structure materials and welds, including attachments to the reactor pressure vessel fabricated from these alloys. However, the crack growth model can be used for other components with like materials in BWR environments provided that specific parameters such as stresses and stress intensity factor (KI) distributions are determined. The methodology involves development of crack growth disposition curves that can account for the variability of important IGSCC parameters to provide a conservative, yet realistic assessment of crack growth rate in BWR environments. An extensive nickel base alloy crack growth rate database was developed from data generated through the peer review process and includes both experimental data points and in-plant crack arrest verification system data. Most of the data in the database have reasonable definition of environmental conditions and other important crack growth parameters thus permitting a more realistic generic crack growth model to be developed. Although most of the data is for Alloy 182, it bounds the crack growth rate of Alloy 82 and Alloy 600. The database was used to derive crack growth disposition curves under normal water chemistry (NWC) and hydrogen water chemistry (HWC) conditions. The disposition curves have two stress intensity regimes; one for KI < 25 ksi√in where the crack growth is KI-dependent and one for KI > 25 ksi√in where the crack growth is KI-independent. The crack growth disposition curves were used together with a crack growth estimation methodology to determine the crack propagation of the BWR shroud support structure welds which are fabricated from Alloy 82/182. The steps involved in the development of the methodology include determination of residual stresses and operating stresses, development of stress intensity factor (KI) solutions for crack propagation in the through-thickness direction and estimation of crack growth rates. This methodology was applied specifically for crack growth in the through-thickness direction. Application of this crack growth model to BWR shroud support structure welds H8 and H9 indicates that there is an adequate time period between inspections before initial cracks of ≤10% through-wall thickness reaches the allowable flaw sizes, particularly for HWC conditions.

Do pollution havens restrict tourism-led growth? Achieving sustainable tourism via a mix of environmental and tourism policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1175-1196
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Hamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Location Choices ◽  
Emission Permit ◽  
Polluting Firms ◽  
Pollution Havens

Using an R&D-based growth model with endogenous location choices and movement of tourists, we investigate the effect that a grandfathered emission permit and an airfare including alien tax have on international tourism. We find that improved environmental quality, achieved by the restricted allocation of grandfathered permits, leads to tourism-led growth. That is, both the number of tourists and the tourism growth rate increase. By contrast, we find that worsened environmental quality, caused by generous allocation of grandfathered permits and reduced airfares including alien tax, leads to the creation of pollution havens because the policy prompts polluting firms to relocate to the area with the respective regulations. Our findings imply sustainable tourism can be achieved when the respective environmental and tourism policies are implemented.

Non-Linear Corrosion Growth: A More Appropriate and Accurate Model for Predicting Corrosion Growth Rate

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Al-Amin ◽  
S. Kariyawasam ◽  
S. Zhang ◽  
W. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Linear Growth Rate ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Non Linear

External metal-loss corrosion is one of the major contributing factors for pipeline failures in North America. Corrosion growth rate plays a crucial role in managing corrosion hazard for gas and liquid pipelines. Quantifying the growth of corrosion over time is critically important for the risk and reliability analysis of pipelines, planning for corrosion mitigation and repair, and determination of time intervals for corrosion inspections. Conservatism in predicting the growth rate has significant engineering implication as non-conservatism can lead to critical anomalies being missed by mitigation actions and may cause pipeline failure; whereas, over conservatism can lead to unnecessary inspections and anomaly mitigations that may result in significant unnecessary cost to pipeline operators. As more and more pipelines are now being inspected by in-line inspection (ILI) tools on a regular basis, the ILI data from multiple inspections provide valuable information about the growth of corrosion anomalies on the pipeline. Although the application of linear growth rate calculated by comparing depths from two successive ILI is a common practice in the pipeline industry, research has shown that the growth of corrosion anomaly is non-linear and anomaly-specific. The authors of this paper have previously developed anomaly-specific non-linear corrosion growth model based on multiple ILI data. The objectives of this paper are to demonstrate the appropriateness of anomaly-specific non-linear corrosion growth model, and to illustrate the advantages of using non-linear corrosion growth model in the integrity management program. Two case studies were performed to illustrate the application of non-linear growth model by incorporating the measurement errors associated with the ILI tools, which include both the bias (constant and non-constant) and random scattering error. The findings of these case studies are presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Characterizing Two Outbreak Waves of COVID-19 in Spain Using Phenomenological Epidemic Modelling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel López ◽  
Alberto Peinado ◽  
Andrés Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Data Series ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
First Case ◽  
Logistic Growth Model ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractSince the first case reported of SARS-CoV-2 the end of December 2019 in China, the number of cases quickly climbed following an exponential growth trend, demonstrating that a global pandemic is possible. As of December 3, 2020, the total number of cases reported are around 65,527,000 contagions worldwide, and 1,524,000 deaths affecting 218 countries and territories. In this scenario, Spain is one of the countries that has suffered in a hard way, the ongoing epidemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, namely COVID-19 disease. In this paper, we present the utilization of phenomenological epidemic models to characterize the two first outbreak waves of COVID-19 in Spain. The study is driven using a two-step phenomenological epidemic approach. First, we use a simple generalized growth model to fit the main parameters at the early epidemic phase; later, we apply our previous finding over a logistic growth model to that characterize both waves completely. The results show that even in the absence of accurate data series, it is possible to characterize the curves of case incidence, and even construct short-term forecast in the near time horizon.

scholarly journals Trends and Overall Growth Analysis of Cashewnut Cultivation in Kerala

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
N Karunakaran
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Negative Growth Rate ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Growth

Even in the 21st century, agriculture is the major source of livelihood for majority of Indian population. But agricultural sector is under the big threat of economic reforms like liberalization and modernization of economy. The agrarian economy of Kerala could not exclude from the drastic hitting of the liberalization, privatization and globalization reforms; farmers of the state began to think that there is no other way to sustain their life. Cashewnut is one of the major cash crop became the victim of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG) reforms. The export of agricultural produce make it difficult to get a better price for cashewnut and so many diseases are also contributing in the crisis of this cultivation. The area under cashew cultivation has started coming down over the years and the decline in area and yield growth rate was responsible for the negative growth rate in production for cashewnut and the share of real components is negative for the overall growth of output of this crop compared to monetary components and unless there are concerted efforts by the government to create awareness among cashew growers on scientific cultivation methods, there will be a conversion of cashew plantations into rubber plantations.Keywords: Growth trend, Cashewnut, Crop output, Overall growth, Real growth, Monetary growth.

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