Anatomy of gold catalysts: facts and myths

Task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs) have received increased attention over the past few years as a Green Catalysts and Solvents for a large number of organic transformations. The present review article aims to provide an introduction, types of task-specific ionic liquids, preparation/synthesis, physical properties, characterization, use of TSILs as solvent and catalyst in organic synthesis.

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Recent Advances in Chalcones: Synthesis, Transformation and Pharmacological Activities

Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences ◽

10.9734/ajocs/2019/v6i318996 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Oluwaseyi Bukky Ovonramwen ◽

Bodunde Joseph Owolabi ◽

Amowie Philip Oviawe

Keyword(s):

Organic Synthesis ◽

Heterocyclic Compound ◽

Heterocyclic Compounds ◽

Condensation Reaction ◽

Review Article ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Usual Approach ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Multifunctional Molecules

Chalcones are useful intermediates in the synthesis of heterocyclic compound and the unique reagents in organic synthesis. The usual approach to obtain chalcones is through Claisen-Schmidt condensation. Several novel heterocyclic chalcone analogs have emerged. Chalcones are multifunctional molecules that possess promising pharmacological activities. Chalcones are known for anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-tubercular, antileishmanial, antimalarial, anthelmintic, osteogenic activities. This review article focuses on recent applications of Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction employed in the synthesis of chalcone, its transformation to heterocyclic compounds and pharmacological activities.

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Synthesis of Five-Membered Heterocycles Containing Nitrogen Heteroatom Under Ultrasonic Irradiation

Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1570193x15666180709144028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 481-503

Author(s):

Navjeet Kaur

Keyword(s):

Energy Conservation ◽

Organic Synthesis ◽

Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽

Ultrasound Irradiation ◽

Review Article ◽

Organic Reactions ◽

Waste Minimization ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

Nitrogen Heteroatom ◽

Reduced Time

Ultrasonic irradiation is employed to accelerate organic reactions. Under sonication reduced time, good selectivity, excellent yield, and milder conditions were observed for many organic reactions. Ultrasonic reactions are increasingly used as green, clean, and environment-friendly methods in organic synthesis in terms of energy conservation and waste minimization. The use of ultrasound irradiation is increasing in coming years. The use of ultrasound irradiation in the synthesis of five-membered N-heterocycles is depicted in the present review article.

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Lemon Juice: A versatile reusable biocatalyst for the synthesis of bioactive organic compounds as well as numerous nanoparticles based catalytic system

Current Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1385272825666210317151732 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

Author(s):

Yogesh Brijwashi Sharma ◽

Bhakti Umesh Hirlekar ◽

Yogesh P. Bharitkar ◽

Abhijit Hazra

Keyword(s):

Green Chemistry ◽

Small Molecules ◽

Organic Synthesis ◽

Potential Role ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Lemon Juice ◽

Review Article ◽

Organic Transformations ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

Principal Role

Green chemistry is an essential part of the chemistry for the organic synthesis and also plays a principal role to save the environment from the harmful and toxic catalysts. Fruit juice catalyzed chemistry is a vital part of green chemistry in which lemon juice play a potential role in a various organic transformations. This review article has been summarized (from 2011-2020) with the application and importance of lemon juice in synthetic organic transformation as well as synthesis of various type of nanoparticles and catalysts. This review article can help the researcher to develop the route for the synthesis of various scaffolds, small molecules, nanoparticles and catalysts under economical and environment friendly condition.

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Turning the Light On: Recent Developments in Photoinduced Olefin Metathesis

Synthesis ◽

10.1055/s-0036-1589113 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (01) ◽

pp. 49-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

N. Lemcoff ◽

Or Eivgi

Keyword(s):

Temporal Resolution ◽

Olefin Metathesis ◽

Review Article ◽

External Stimulus ◽

Catalyst Activation ◽

Metathesis Polymerization ◽

Metal Free ◽

Photoacid Generators ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Material Sciences

Olefin metathesis is one of the most important methods to form carbon–carbon double bonds and has found many applications in industry and academia. The ability to initiate the reaction using external stimulus such as light, with high spatial and temporal resolution is highly advantageous and provides creative novel opportunities in organic syntheses and material sciences. This review article covers recent advances in light-activated olefin metathesis reactions from the development of novel complexes that can be initiated photochemically to recently reported applications of photoinduced olefin metathesis, as well as the bright newly emerging field of photoredox-mediated metal-free ROMP.1 Introduction2 Light-Activated Olefin Metathesis Complexes2.1 Sulfur-Chelated Hoveyda–Grubbs-Type Complexes2.2 Nitrogen-Chelated Hoveyda–Grubbs-Type Complexes2.3 Catalyst Activation with Photoacid Generators2.4 Phototuning of Active Complexes2.5 Photoactivation of Non-Grubbs-Type Olefin Metathesis Complexes3 Photoredox-Mediated Metal-Free ROMP4 Applications of Photoinduced Olefin Metathesis4.1 Chromatic Orthogonal Olefin Metathesis4.2 UV-Filter-Assisted Olefin Metathesis4.3 Photolithographic Olefin Metathesis Polymerization5 Conclusions

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Highly Selective Hydroiodination of Carbon-Carbon Double or Triple Bonds

Current Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1385272824666191227111257 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (18) ◽

pp. 2153-2168

Author(s):

Yuki Yamamoto ◽

Shin-ichi Kawaguchi ◽

Shintaro Kodama ◽

Akihiro Nomoto ◽

Akiya Ogawa

Keyword(s):

Organic Chemistry ◽

Organic Synthesis ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Review Article ◽

Multiple Bonds ◽

Triple Bonds ◽

Synthetic Intermediates ◽

Characteristic Features

Iodine is an element that exhibits characteristic features of heavy halogen, and several compounds containing iodine constitute important synthetic intermediates due to synthetically easy manipulation. To utilize iodine units for organic synthesis, a highly regio- and stereoselective introduction of iodine to versatile building blocks is significant, and a lot of research works for the selective introduction of iodine to alkynes or alkenes have been conducted. In this review article, we describe regio- and stereoselective hydroiodination to multiple bonds of building blocks, and its synthetic applications as key intermediates to construct several important compounds in organic chemistry.

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A Review on Green Synthesis and Biological Activities of Nitrogen and Oxygen Containing Heterocycles

10.20944/preprints202106.0350.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Susheel Gulati ◽

Rajvir Singh ◽

Suman Sangwan

Keyword(s):

Analytical Chemistry ◽

Green Chemistry ◽

Organic Synthesis ◽

Material Science ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Review Article ◽

Synthetic Methods ◽

Mild Conditions ◽

Environmental Friendly ◽

Benign Solvents

Heterocycles are unique precursors for the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals particularly those possessing N- or O- moieties. The development of methods to prepare heterocycles is of great importance in synthesis of organic compounds, especially the heterocycles which can be found in natural products. The synthesis of nitrogen and oxygen containing heterocycles viz. coumarins, dihydropyrimidinones, imidazoles, isoxazoles and benzimidazoles represented an attractive and demanding work for chemists as these nucleus has found extensive applications in several fields such as material science, analytical chemistry and most importantly in medicinal chemistry. Organic synthesis has been attracted towards the development of new environmental friendly procedures to achieve the goals of green chemistry. The fundamental aspects of green chemistry are use of biocatalysts and environmental benign solvents under mild conditions. The present review article summarized the green synthetic methods and biological activities of nitrogen and oxygen containing heterocycles.

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Homolytic substitution at phosphorus for C–P bond formation in organic synthesis

Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry ◽

10.3762/bjoc.9.143 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 1269-1277 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Hideki Yorimitsu

Keyword(s):

Organic Chemistry ◽

Organic Synthesis ◽

Organophosphorus Compounds ◽

Bond Formation ◽

Review Article ◽

Organic Halides ◽

Carbon Centered Radical ◽

Synthetic Approaches ◽

Homolytic Substitution

Organophosphorus compounds are important in organic chemistry. This review article covers emerging, powerful synthetic approaches to organophosphorus compounds by homolytic substitution at phosphorus with a carbon-centered radical. Phosphination reagents include diphosphines, chalcogenophosphines and stannylphosphines, which bear a weak P–heteroatom bond for homolysis. This article deals with two transformations, radical phosphination by addition across unsaturated C–C bonds and substitution of organic halides.

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Applications of Nickel(II) compounds in Organic Synthesis

Current Organic Synthesis ◽

10.2174/1570179418666210224124931 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Surya K. De

Keyword(s):

Organic Synthesis ◽

Low Cost ◽

Review Article ◽

Reaction Type

: This review article summarizes the applications of nickel(II) compounds in organic synthesis since 2016. In recent years, the field of nickel(II) catalysis is gaining considerable interest due to readily available, low-cost of nickel(II)-compounds and several key properties of nickel. This review article is organized by the reaction type although some reactions can be placed in multiple sections.

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Boron in Medicinal and Organic Chemistry

Current Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1385272825666210625120209 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

Author(s):

João Lucas Bruno Prates ◽

Aline Renata Pavan ◽

Jean Leandro dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Organic Synthesis ◽

Boronic Acid ◽

Medicinal Chemistry ◽

Therapeutic Agent ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Cross Coupling ◽

Review Article ◽

Coupling Reactions ◽

The Past ◽

Cross Coupling Reactions

: Nowadays, boron-containing compounds have gained researchers’ attention because of the wide versatility and applicability of this element in both organic and medicinal chemistry. Since its discovery, its use in medicinal chemistry was neglected due to its possible toxic effects. However, in the past years, boron-containing compounds did not show such effects, and some drugs have already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat diseases, including cancer, infections, and inflammation. Several boron-containing compounds are used in organic and medicinal chemistry, either as a reagent or therapeutic agent. The chemical properties of this element make its use possible in organic synthesis as a reducing agent and catalyst, mainly in cross-coupling reactions. Among boron-containing compounds, boranes, azaborines, benzoxaborole, boronic acid, and boron derivatives are most commonly described. This review article discusses the main properties of boron-containing compounds, their preparation by organic synthesis, as well as their applications in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry fields, developing new perspectives for further investigations.

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