An in situ poly(carboxybetaine) hydrogel for tissue engineering applications

Hydrogels, as a class of materials for tissue engineering and drug delivery, have high water content and solid-like mechanical properties. Currently, hydrogels with an antibacterial function are a research hotspot in biomedical field. Many advanced antibacterial hydrogels have been developed, each possessing unique qualities, namely high water swellability, high oxygen permeability, improved biocompatibility, ease of loading and releasing drugs and structural diversity. In this article, an overview is provided on the preparation and applications of various antibacterial hydrogels. Furthermore, the prospects in biomedical researches and clinical applications are predicted.

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An Improved Cambridge Filter Pad Extraction Methodology to Obtain More Accurate Water and “Tar” Values: In Situ Cambridge Filter Pad Extraction Methodology

Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research ◽

10.2478/cttr-2014-0008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

David Ghosh ◽

Cyril Jeannet

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Water Content ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

High Water ◽

Limited Range ◽

High Water Content ◽

Water Recovery ◽

Water Losses ◽

In Situ Extraction

AbstractPrevious investigations by others and internal investigations at Philip Morris International (PMI) have shown that the standard trapping and extraction procedure used for conventional cigarettes, defined in the International Standard ISO 4387 (Cigarettes -- Determination of total and nicotine-free dry particulate matter using a routine analytical smoking machine), is not suitable for high-water content aerosols. Errors occur because of water losses during the opening of the Cambridge filter pad holder to remove the filter pad as well as during the manual handling of the filter pad, and because the commercially available filter pad holder, which is constructed out of plastic, may adsorb water. This results in inaccurate values for the water content, and erroneous and overestimated values for Nicotine Free Dry Particulate Matter (NFDPM). A modified 44 mm Cambridge filter pad holder and extraction equipment which supports in situ extraction methodology has been developed and tested. The principle of the in situ extraction methodology is to avoid any of the above mentioned water losses by extracting the loaded filter pad while kept in the Cambridge filter pad holder which is hermetically sealed by two caps. This is achieved by flushing the extraction solvent numerous times through the hermetically sealed Cambridge filter pad holder by means of an in situ extractor. The in situ methodology showed a significantly more complete water recovery, resulting in more accurate NFDPM values for high-water content aerosols compared to the standard ISO methodology. The work presented in this publication demonstrates that the in situ extraction methodology applies to a wider range of smoking products and smoking regimens, whereas the standard ISO methodology only applies to a limited range of smoking products and smoking regimens, e.g., conventional cigarettes smoked under ISO smoking regimen. In cases where a comparison of yields between the PMI HTP and conventional cigarettes is required the in situ extraction methodology must be used for the aerosol of the PMI HTP to obtain accurate NFDPM/”tar” values. This would be for example the case if there were a need to print “tar” yields on packs or compare yields to ceilings. Failure to use the in situ extraction methodology will result in erroneous and overestimated NFDPM/”tar” values.

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IN-SITU BEHAVIOR OF SUPER-HIGH WATER CONTENT CLAY IMPROVED BY PLASTIC BOARD DRAIN

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers Ser C (Geosphere Engineering) ◽

10.2208/jscejge.68.583 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 583-596 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Takao YAMAMOTO ◽

Satoru SHIBUYA ◽

Akihiko OHSHIMA ◽

Tsuneharu ORIHASHI ◽

Mitsuhiro NAMBU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

High Water ◽

High Water Content

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Engineering of nanometer-sized cross-linked hydrogels for biomedical applications

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v09-158 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

pp. 173-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Jung Kwon Oh

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Drug Delivery ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Water Content ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

High Water ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

High Water Content ◽

Surface Areas

Microgels/nanogels (micro/nanogels) are promising drug-delivery systems (DDS) because of their unique properties, including tunable chemical and physical structures, good mechanical properties, high water content, and biocompatibility. They also feature sizes tunable to tens of nanometers, large surface areas, and interior networks. These properties demonstrate the great potential of micro/nanogels for drug delivery, tissue engineering, and bionanotechnology. This mini-review describes the current approaches for the preparation and engineering of effective micro/nanogels for drug-delivery applications. It emphasizes issues of degradability and bioconjugation, as well as loading/encapsulation and release of therapeutics from customer-designed micro/nanogels.

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- Assessment of the Potential of Enhanced Oil Recovery From Reservoirs With High Water Content Using the Heat of Nitrate Oxidation Reactions and in situ Hydrocarbon Oxidation

Analytical Tools and Industrial Applications for Chemical Processes and Polymeric Materials ◽

10.1201/b16135-10 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 60-93

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

High Water ◽

High Water Content ◽

Hydrocarbon Oxidation ◽

Oxidation Reactions

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Hydrogels for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/c4tb00775a ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (33) ◽

pp. 5319-5338 ◽

Cited By ~ 169

Author(s):

John A. Hunt ◽

Rui Chen ◽

Theun van Veen ◽

Nicholas Bryan

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Water Content ◽

Drug Carrier ◽

High Water ◽

High Water Content ◽

Injectable Hydrogels ◽

Surgical Implantation

Injectable hydrogels have become an incredibly prolific area of research in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, because of their high water content, mechanical similarity to natural tissues, and ease of surgical implantation, hydrogels are at the forefront of biomedical scaffold and drug carrier design.

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