Triethylamine-based catalysts for the melt polymerization of carbonate monomers

The acceptor properties of mixed chlorometallate ionic liquids for isobutane-butene alkylation (C4 alkylation) reaction were studied. These ionic liquids were prepared by mixing metal chlorides with either triethylamine hydrochloride or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride in various molar ratios. Using triethylphosphine oxide as a probe, Gutmann Acceptor Numbers (AN) of the catalysts were determined, and the Lewis acidity of mixed chlorometallate ionic liquids was quantitatively measured. Additionally, AN value was developed to determine the relationship between Lewis acidity and catalytic selectivity. The favorite AN value for the C4 alkylation reaction should be around 93.0. The [(C2H5)3NH]Cl–AlCl3−CuCl appears to be more Lewis acidity than that of [(C2H5)3NH]Cl–AlCl3. The correlation of the acceptor numbers to speciation of the mixed chlorometallate ionic liquids has also been investigated. [AlCl4]−, [Al2Cl7]−, and [MAlCl5]− (M = Cu, Ag) are the main anionic species of the mixed chlorometallate ILs. While the presence of [(C2H5)3N·M]+ cation always decreases the acidity of the [(C2H5)3NH]Cl−AlCl3−MCl ionic liquids.

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Polymerization kinetics of rac -lactide initiated with alcohol/stannous octoate using in situ attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: An initiator study

Journal of Polymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry ◽

10.1002/pola.23196 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 797-803 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Scott J. Moravek ◽

Jamie M. Messman ◽

Robson F. Storey

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Fourier Transform Infrared ◽

Polymerization Kinetics ◽

Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽

Total Reflectance ◽

Stannous Octoate ◽

Kinetics Of

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Catalyzed Transesterification Kinetics in Early Stage of Polycarbonate Melt Polymerization

Polymer Korea ◽

10.7317/pk.2015.39.2.235 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 235-239

Author(s):

Ju Yeon Jung ◽

Ji Mok Lee ◽

Sung Kwon Hong ◽

Jin Kuk Lee ◽

Hyun Min Jung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Melt Polymerization

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Incorporation of a semi-aromatic nylon salt into polyamide 6 by solid-state or melt polymerization

Polymer ◽

10.1016/j.polymer.2012.09.034 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 53 (23) ◽

pp. 5242-5250 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Seda Cakir ◽

Marko Nieuwenhuizen ◽

Pim G.A. Janssen ◽

Rudy Rulkens ◽

Cor E. Koning

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Polyamide 6 ◽

Melt Polymerization

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An experimental study of the partitioning of trace elements between rutile and silicate melt as a function of oxygen fugacity

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201420140014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 1609-1629 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

GUILHERME MALLMANN ◽

RAÚL O.C. FONSECA ◽

ADOLFO B. SILVA

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Fugacity ◽

Silicate Melt ◽

Accessory Mineral ◽

High Field Strength ◽

Arc Magmas ◽

Melt Polymerization ◽

Incompatible Elements ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Melt Composition ◽

Partitioning Behavior

Subduction zone or arc magmas are known to display a characteristic depletion of High Field Strength Elements (HFSE) relative to other similarly incompatible elements, which can be attributed to the presence of the accessory mineral rutile (TiO2) in the residual slab. Here we show that the partitioning behavior of vanadium between rutile and silicate melt varies from incompatible (∼0.1) to compatible (∼18) as a function of oxygen fugacity. We also confirm that the HFSE are compatible in rutile, with D(Ta)> D(Nb)>> (D(Hf)>/∼ D(Zr), but that the level of compatibility is strongly dependent on melt composition, with partition coefficients increasing about one order of magnitude with increasing melt polymerization (or decreasing basicity). Our partitioning results also indicate that residual rutile may fractionate U from Th due to the contrasting (over 2 orders of magnitude) partitioning between these two elements. We confirm that, in addition to the HFSE, Cr, Cu, Zn and W are compatible in rutile at all oxygen fugacity conditions.

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Study on Preparation of Star PLGA Cucurbitacin-Loaded Microsphere and its Propertities

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.630 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 884-885 ◽

pp. 630-633

Author(s):

Yi Zhang ◽

He Wei Shao ◽

Yue Liu ◽

Xiao Yan Han

Keyword(s):

Drug Loading ◽

Star Polymer ◽

Cucurbitacin B ◽

Melt Polymerization ◽

Loading Amount ◽

Polymerization Method

The sealed tube melt polymerization method was employed to synthesize four-arm star polymer PLGA, by which drug-loaded microspheres for cucurbitacin B were prepared. Taking drug loading amount and entrapment effiency as the indicators, drug-loading formulation was optimized.

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