scholarly journals An AC electrothermal self-circulating system with a minimalist process to construct a biomimetic liver lobule model for drug testing

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (65) ◽  
pp. 36987-36998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengli Mi ◽  
Baihan Li ◽  
Xiaoman Yi ◽  
Yuanyuan Xu ◽  
Zhichang Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Liver Lobule ◽  
On Chip

Liver-on-chip, due to its precision and low cost for constructing in vitro models, has tremendous potential for drug toxicity testing and pathological studies.

The PIT method: an automated in vitro technique for drug toxicity testing

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob van Lambalgen ◽  
Peter Lelieveld
Keyword(s):  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
In Vitro Technique

A 3D bio-printed spheroids based perfusion in vitro liver on chip for drug toxicity assays

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Tian ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Hebin Sun ◽  
Jianan Hui ◽  
Yuqing Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
On Chip

scholarly journals Microoxygraph Device for Biosensoristic Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aloisi ◽  
E. Tarentini ◽  
A. Ferramosca ◽  
V. Zara ◽  
R. Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Reaction Chamber ◽  
Counter Electrodes ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Lab On Chip ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
On Chip

Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) is a significant parameter helpful to determinein vitrorespiratory efficiency of living cells. Oxygen is an excellent oxidant and its electrocatalytic reduction on a noble metal allows accurately detecting it. By means of microfabrication technologies, handy, low-cost, and disposable chip can be attained, minimizing working volumes and improving sensitivity and response time. In this respect, here is presented a microoxygraph device (MOD), based on Clark’s electrode principle, displaying many advantageous features in comparison to other systems. This lab-on-chip platform is composed of a three-microelectrode detector equipped with a microgrooved electrochemical cell, sealed with a polymeric reaction chamber. Au working/counter electrodes and Ag/AgCl reference electrode were fabricated on a glass slide. A microchannel was realized by photoresist lift-off technique and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanoporous film was integrated as oxygen permeable membrane (OPM) between the probe and the microreaction chamber. Electrochemical measurements showed good reproducibility and average response time, assessed by periodic injection and suction of a reducing agent. OCR measurements on 3T3 cells, subjected, in real time, to chemical stress on the respiratory chain, were able to show that this chip allows performing consistent metabolic analysis.

scholarly journals On chip two-photon metabolic imaging for drug toxicity testing

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 034108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Yu ◽  
Shuangmu Zhuo ◽  
Yinghua Qu ◽  
Deepak Choudhury ◽  
Zhiping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Metabolic Imaging ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
On Chip

Drug testing and characterization using human-on-chip (HoC) systems: some thoughts on the application of in vitro–in vivo correlation

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1571-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahadevabharath R. Somayaji ◽  
Debarun Das ◽  
Andrzej J. Przekwas
Keyword(s):  
Drug Testing ◽  
On Chip

Environmental Toxicology Assays Using Organ-on-Chip

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patarajarin Akarapipad ◽  
Kattika Kaarj ◽  
Yan Liang ◽  
Jeong-Yeol Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Environmental Toxicology ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
On Chip

Adverse effects of environmental toxicants to human health have traditionally been assayed using in vitro assays. Organ-on-chip (OOC) is a new platform that can bridge the gaps between in vitro assays (or 3D cell culture) and animal tests. Microenvironments, physical and biochemical stimuli, and adequate sensing and biosensing systems can be integrated into OOC devices to better recapitulate the in vivo tissue and organ behavior and metabolism. While OOCs have extensively been studied for drug toxicity screening, their implementation in environmental toxicology assays is minimal and has limitations. In this review, recent attempts of environmental toxicology assays using OOCs, including multiple-organs-on-chip, are summarized and compared with OOC-based drug toxicity screening. Requirements for further improvements are identified and potential solutions are suggested. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry, Volume 14 is August 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Pulsed Microfluid Force-Based On-Chip Modular Fabrication for Liver Lobule-Like 3D Cellular Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
J. Cui ◽  
H. P. Wang ◽  
Q. Shi ◽  
T. Sun
Keyword(s):  
3D Structure ◽  
Perfusion Culture ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Liver Lobule ◽  
Cellular Models ◽  
Assembly Method ◽  
On Chip

In vitro three-dimensional (3D) cellular models with native tissue-like architectures and functions have potential as alternatives to human tissues in regenerative medicine and drug discovery. However, it is difficult to replicate liver constructs that mimic in vivo microenvironments using current approaches in tissue engineering because of the vessel-embedded 3D structure and complex cell distribution of the liver. This paper reports a pulsed microflow-based on-chip 3D assembly method to construct 3D liver lobule-like models that replicate the spatial structure and functions of the liver lobule. The heterogeneous cell-laden assembly units with hierarchical cell distribution are fabricated through multistep photopatterning of different cell-laden hydrogels. Through fluid force interaction by pulsed microflow, the hierarchical assembly units are driven to a stack, layer by layer, and thus spatially assemble into 3D cellular models in the closed liquid chamber of the assembly chip. The 3D models with liver lobule-like hexagonal morphology and radial cell distribution allow the dynamic perfusion culture to maintain high cell viability and functional expression during long-term culture in vitro. These results demonstrate that the fabricated 3D liver lobule-like models are promising for drug testing and the study of individual diagnoses and treatments.

scholarly journals In vitro toxicity model: Upgrades to bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical research

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eneko Madorran ◽  
Andraž Stožer ◽  
Sebastjan Bevc ◽  
Uroš Maver
Keyword(s):  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Drug Approval ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
Control And Prevention

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides extensive data that indicate our need for drugs to maintain human population health. Despite the substantial availability of drugs on the market, many patients lack specific drugs. New drugs are required to tackle this issue. Moreover, we need more reliable models for testing drug toxicity, as too many drug approval failures occur with the current models. This article briefly describes various approaches of the currently used models for toxicity screening, to justify the selection of in vitro cell-based models. Cell-based toxicity models have the best potential to reliably predict drug toxicity in humans, as they are developed using the cells of the target organism. However, currently, a large gap exists between in vitro cell-based approach to toxicity testing and the clinical approach, which may be contributing to drug approval failures. We propose improvements to in vitro cell-based toxicity models, which is often an insight approach, to better match this approach with the clinical homeostatic approach. This should enable a more accurate comparison of data between the preclinical as well as clinical models and provide a more comprehensive understanding of human physiology and biological effects of drugs.

scholarly journals A Modular, Reconfigurable Microfabricated Assembly Platform for Microfluidic Transport and Multitype Cell Culture and Drug Testing

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Xin Xie ◽  
Sushila Maharjan ◽  
Sanwei Liu ◽  
Yu Shrike Zhang ◽  
Carol Livermore
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Pdms Molding

Modular microfluidics offer the opportunity to combine the precise fluid control, rapid sample processing, low sample and reagent volumes, and relatively lower cost of conventional microfluidics with the flexible reconfigurability needed to accommodate the requirements of target applications such as drug toxicity studies. However, combining the capabilities of fully adaptable modular microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) assembly with the simplicity of conventional microfluidic fabrication remains a challenge. A hybrid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-molding/photolithographic process is demonstrated to rapidly fabricate LEGO®-like modular blocks. The blocks are created with different sizes that interlock via tongue-and-groove joints in the plane and stack via interference fits out of the plane. These miniature strong but reversible connections have a measured resistance to in-plane and out-of-plane forces of up to >6000× and >1000× the weight of the block itself, respectively. The LEGO®-like interference fits enable O-ring-free microfluidic connections that withstand internal fluid pressures of >120 kPa. A single layer of blocks is assembled into LEGO®-like cell culture plates, where the in vitro biocompatibility and drug toxicity to lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cells and hepatocellular carcinoma cells cultured in the modular microwells are measured. A double-layer block structure is then assembled so that a microchannel formed at the interface between layers connects two microwells. Breast tumor cells and hepatocytes cultured in the coupled wells demonstrate interwell migration as well as the simultaneous effects of a single drug on the two cell types.

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