An air-stable electrochromic conjugated microporous polymer as an emerging electrode material for hybrid energy storage systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (27) ◽  
pp. 16397-16405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyu Dai ◽  
Weijun Li ◽  
Zhangxin Chen ◽  
Xiaogang Zhu ◽  
Junlei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Applied Potential ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage ◽  
Conjugated Microporous Polymer ◽  
Microporous Polymer

An air-stable oxidation state is observed in an electrochromic triphenylamine–triazine polymer energy storage system after the removal of the applied potential.

scholarly journals Power Distribution Strategy of Microgrid Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on Improved Hierarchical Control

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiezhou Wu ◽  
Wenshan Yu ◽  
Lujun Wang ◽  
Linxin Guo ◽  
Zhiquan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage System

Traditional hierarchical control of the microgrid does not consider the energy storage status of a distributed hybrid energy storage system. This leads to the inconsistency of the remaining capacity of the energy storage system in the process of system operation, which is not conducive to the safe and stable operation of the system. In this paper, an improved hierarchical control strategy is proposed: the first allocation layer completes the allocation between the distribution energy storage systems considering the state of hybrid energy storage systems, and the second allocation layer realizes the allocation within the hybrid energy storage systems based on variable time constant low-pass filtering. Considering the extreme conditions of energy storage systems, the transfer current is introduced in the second allocation process. The SOC (stage of charge) of the supercapacitor is between 40% and 60%, which ensures that the supercapacitor has enough margin to respond to the power demand. An example of a 300 MW photovoltaic microgrid system in a certain area is analyzed. Compared with the traditional hierarchical control, the proposed control strategy can reduce the SOC change of a hybrid energy storage system by 9% under the same conditions, and make the supercapacitor active after power stabilization, which is helpful to the stable operation of the microgrid.

scholarly journals A Study of Control Methodologies for the Trade-Off between Battery Aging and Energy Consumption on Electric Vehicles with Hybrid Energy Storage Systems

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Kevin Mallon ◽  
Francis Assadian
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage

Hybrid and electric vehicle batteries deteriorate from use due to irreversible internal chemical and mechanical changes, resulting in decreased capacity and efficiency of the energy storage system. This article investigates the modeling and control of a lithium-ion battery and ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system for an electric vehicle for improved battery lifespan and energy consumption. By developing a control-oriented aging model for the energy storage components and integrating the aging models into an energy management system, the trade-off between battery degradation and energy consumption can be minimized. This article produces an optimal aging-aware energy management strategy that controls both battery and ultracapacitor aging and compares these results to strategies that control only battery aging, strategies that control battery aging factors but not aging itself, and non-optimal benchmark strategies. A case study on an electric bus with variously-sized hybrid energy storage systems shows that a strategy designed to control battery aging, ultracapacitor aging, and energy losses simultaneously can achieve a 28.2% increase to battery lifespan while requiring only a 7.0% decrease in fuel economy.

scholarly journals Optimization of hybrid energy storage system providing power curve smoothening in grid scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gouri Rani Barai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage System ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Demand Fluctuations

Efficient supply of electric energy, maintaining power quality, and addressing intermittency of renewable energy and unpredictable demand fluctuations are challenges of a modern power grid. An individual energy storage technology seldom provides all the desired characteristics expected. A Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) including different types of energy storage systems can address these challenges. In this work a new formulation and algorithm was developed that optimally designs a grid-scale HESS for desired performances such as peak load shaving and power demand curve smoothening at the least capital cost. The proposed HESS comprised of a combination of Lithium Ion batteries, Flywheels, and Ultracapacitor based Energy Storage Systems. Real and synthetic power demand dataset representing different types of demand fluctuations were used in the analysis. The proposed formulation and algorithm was able to optimally size HESS such that it costs the least while performing in the desired manner.

A Hybrid Electro-Thermal Energy Storage System for High Ramp Rate Power Applications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cary E. Laird ◽  
Andrew G. Alleyne
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Ramp Rate ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage System

Abstract The practice of hybridizing energy storage systems is vital to high ramp rate power applications, in which energy storage systems are constrained by strict power and energy requirements. Hybrid energy storage is typically studied in the electrical and thermal domains separately, but due to the inherent link between electrical and thermal energy domains, it is necessary to examine hybrid energy storage in both domains simultaneously. In this paper, a combined electro-thermal energy storage system is modeled and simulated. Equivalent circuit and lumped-parameter models are used to facilitate control design. PI controllers are designed for both the electrical and thermal domains to demonstrate the ability to perform multi-domain energy management.

scholarly journals Optimization of hybrid energy storage system providing power curve smoothening in grid scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gouri Rani Barai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage System ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Demand Fluctuations

Efficient supply of electric energy, maintaining power quality, and addressing intermittency of renewable energy and unpredictable demand fluctuations are challenges of a modern power grid. An individual energy storage technology seldom provides all the desired characteristics expected. A Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) including different types of energy storage systems can address these challenges. In this work a new formulation and algorithm was developed that optimally designs a grid-scale HESS for desired performances such as peak load shaving and power demand curve smoothening at the least capital cost. The proposed HESS comprised of a combination of Lithium Ion batteries, Flywheels, and Ultracapacitor based Energy Storage Systems. Real and synthetic power demand dataset representing different types of demand fluctuations were used in the analysis. The proposed formulation and algorithm was able to optimally size HESS such that it costs the least while performing in the desired manner.

scholarly journals Sizing of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Inertial and Primary Frequency Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Fernando Alves ◽  
Daniel dos Santos Mota ◽  
Elisabetta Tedeschi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage

The exponential rise of renewable energy sources and microgrids brings about the challenge of guaranteeing frequency stability in low-inertia grids through the use of energy storage systems. This paper reviews the frequency response of an ac power system, highlighting its different time scales and control actions. Moreover, it pinpoints main distinctions among high-inertia interconnected systems relying on synchronous machines and low-inertia systems with high penetration of converter-interfaced generation. Grounded on these concepts and with a set of assumptions, it derives algebraic equations to rate an energy storage system providing inertial and primary control. The equations are independent of the energy storage technology, robust to system nonlinearities, and rely on parameters that are typically defined by system operators, industry standards, or network codes. Using these results, the authors provide a step-by-step procedure to size the main components of a converter-interfaced hybrid energy storage system. Finally, a case study of a wind-powered oil and gas platform in the North Sea demonstrates with numerical examples how the proposed methodology 1) can be applied in a practical problem and 2) allows the system designer to take advantage of different technologies and set specific requirements for each storage device and converter according to the type of frequency control provided.

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