Flexible Temperature Sensors Based on Carbon Nanomaterials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zetong Chen ◽  
Danna Zhao ◽  
Rui Ma ◽  
Xujing Zhang ◽  
Jihong Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Curved Surface

Flexible temperature sensors can be attached to the surface of human skin or curved surface directly for continuous and stable data measurements, which have attracted intensive attention in myriad areas....

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of conductive flexible cellulose carbon nanohorn sheets for human tissue applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik Paneer Selvam ◽  
Taichi Nagahata ◽  
Kosuke Kato ◽  
Mayuko Koreishi ◽  
Toshiyuki Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Skin Sensitization ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Carbon Nanohorns ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Skin Compatibility

Abstract Background: Conductive sheets of cellulose and carbon nanomaterials and its human skin applications are an interesting research aspect as they have potential for applications for skin compatibility. Hence it is needed to explore the effects and shed light on these applications.Method: To fabricate wearable, portable, flexible, lightweight, inexpensive, and biocompatible composite materials, carbon nanohorns (CNHs) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) were used as precursors to prepare CNH-HEC (Cnh-cel) composite sheets. Cnh-cel sheets were prepared with different loading concentrations of CNHs (10, 20 50,100 mg) in 200 mg cellulose. To fabricate the bio-compatible sheets, a pristine composite of CNHs and HEC was prepared without any pretreatment of the materials. Results: The obtained sheets possess a conductivity of 1.83×10-10 S/m and bio-compatible with human skin. Analysis for skin-compatibility was performed for Cnh-cel sheets by h-CLAT in vitro skin sensitization tests to evaluate the activation of THP-1 cells. It was found that THP-1 cells were not activated by Cnh-cel; hence Cnh-cel is a safe biomaterial for human skin. It was also found that the composite allowed only a maximum loading of 100 mg to retain the consistent geometry of free-standing sheets of < 100 µm thickness. Since CNHs have a unique arrangement of aggregates (dahlia structure), the composite is homogeneous, as verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and other functional properties investigated by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), conductivity measurement, tensile strength measurement, and skin sensitization.Conclusion: It can be concluded that cellulose and CNHs sheets are conductive and compatible to human skin applications.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of conductive flexible cellulose carbon nanohorn sheets for human tissue applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik Paneer Selvam ◽  
Taichi Nagahata ◽  
Kosuke Kato ◽  
Mayuko Koreishi ◽  
Toshiyuki Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Skin Sensitization ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Carbon Nanohorns ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Skin Compatibility

Abstract Background Conductive sheets of cellulose and carbon nanomaterials and its human skin applications are an interesting research aspect as they have potential for applications for skin compatibility. Hence it is needed to explore the effects and shed light on these applications. Method To fabricate wearable, portable, flexible, lightweight, inexpensive, and biocompatible composite materials, carbon nanohorns (CNHs) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) were used as precursors to prepare CNH-HEC (Cnh-cel) composite sheets. Cnh-cel sheets were prepared with different loading concentrations of CNHs (10, 20 50,100 mg) in 200 mg cellulose. To fabricate the bio-compatible sheets, a pristine composite of CNHs and HEC was prepared without any pretreatment of the materials. Results The obtained sheets possess a conductivity of 1.83 × 10− 10 S/m and bio-compatible with human skin. Analysis for skin-compatibility was performed for Cnh-cel sheets by h-CLAT in vitro skin sensitization tests to evaluate the activation of THP-1 cells. It was found that THP-1 cells were not activated by Cnh-cel; hence Cnh-cel is a safe biomaterial for human skin. It was also found that the composite allowed only a maximum loading of 100 mg to retain the consistent geometry of free-standing sheets of < 100 μm thickness. Since CNHs have a unique arrangement of aggregates (dahlia structure), the composite is homogeneous, as verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and other functional properties investigated by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), conductivity measurement, tensile strength measurement, and skin sensitization. Conclusion It can be concluded that cellulose and CNHs sheets are conductive and compatible to human skin applications.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Human Skin-Compatible Conductive Flexible Cellulose Carbon Nanohorn Sheets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik Paneer Selvam ◽  
Taichi Nagahata ◽  
Kosuke Kato ◽  
Mayuko Koreishi ◽  
Toshiyuki Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Skin Sensitization ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Carbon Nanohorns ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Skin Compatibility

Abstract Background: Conductive sheets of cellulose and carbon nanomaterials and its human skin applications are an interesting research aspect as they have potential for applications for skin compatibility. Hence it is needed to explore the effects and shed light on these applications.Method: To fabricate wearable, portable, flexible, lightweight, inexpensive, and biocompatible composite materials, carbon nanohorns (CNHs) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) were used as precursors to prepare CNH-HEC (Cnh-cel) composite sheets. Cnh-cel sheets were prepared with different loading concentrations of CNHs (10, 20 50,100 mg) in 200 mg cellulose. To fabricate the bio-compatible sheets, a pristine composite of CNHs and HEC was prepared without any pretreatment of the materials. Results: The obtained sheets are conductive (1.83×10-5­ S) and bio-compatible with human skin. Analysis for skin-compatibility was performed for Cnh-cel sheets by h-CLAT in vitro skin sensitization tests to evaluate the activation of THP-1 cells. It was found that THP-1 cells were not activated by Cnh-cel; hence Cnh-cel is a safe biomaterial for human skin. It was also found that the composite allowed only a maximum loading of 100 mg to retain the consistent geometry of free-standing sheets of < 100 µm thickness. Since CNHs have a unique arrangement of aggregates (dahlia structure), the composite is homogeneous, as verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and other functional properties investigated by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), conductance measurement, tensile strength measurement, and skin sensitization.Conclusion: It can be concluded that cellulose and CNHs sheets are conductive and compatible to human skin applications.

Resistance Characteristics and Particle Arrangement of Smart Paint for Surface Temperature Sensor

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 4263-4266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Hun Ahn ◽  
Henzeh Leeghim ◽  
Chang-Yull Lee
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Curved Surface ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Particle Arrangement ◽  
Shape Of Particles

There are limitations on the shape of models that can be measured with commonly used temperature sensors. These disadvantages are difficult to measure temperatures of the curved surface. To overcome the shortcomings, a smart paint for temperature measurement is proposed in this work. A polymer solution was prepared for viscosity of the paint and dispersion of materials. The BaTiO3 and Ag nanopaste are used for PTC characteristics and conductivity of the paint, respectively. Smart paint were analyzed the arrangement and shape of particles according to the processes and production methods. Also, the change of resistance was measured while increasing the temperature. The results show that resistance increased as the temperature increased. The performance of the manufactured smart paint was confirmed as a surface temperature sensor.

A web-like network of type vi collagen in human skin is revealed by immuno-electron microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 382-383
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Keene ◽  
Robert W. Glanville ◽  
Eva Engvall
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Primary Antibody ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Secondary Antibody ◽  
Type Vi Collagen ◽  
Dermal Matrix ◽  
Immuno Electron Microscopy

A mouse monoclonal antibody (5C6) prepared against human type VI collagen (1) has been used in this study to immunolocalize type VI collagen in human skin. The enbloc method used involves exposing whole tissue pieces to primary antibody and 5 nm gold conjugated secondary antibody before fixation, and has been described in detail elsewhere (2).Biopsies were taken from individuals ranging in age from neonate to 65 years old. By immuno-electron microscopy, type VI collagen is found to be distributed as a fine branching network closely associated with (but not attached to) banded collagen fibrils containing types I and III collagen (Fig. 1). It appears to enwrap fibers, to weave between individual fibrils within a fiber, and to span the distance separating fibers, creating a “web-like network” which entraps fibers within deep papillary and reticular dermal layers (Fig. 2). Relative to that in the dermal matrix, the concentration of type VI collagen is higher around endothelial basement membranes limiting the outer boundaries of nerves, capillaries, and fat cells (Fig. 3).

Effect of Acetone and Kerosene on Skin Ultrastructure

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 92-93
Author(s):  
A. P. Lupulescu ◽  
H. Pinkus ◽  
D. J. Birmingham
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Human Epidermis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Skin Ultrastructure ◽  
Volar Surface

Our laboratory is engaged in the study of the effect of different chemical agents on human skin, using electron microscopy. Previous investigations revealed that topical use of a strong alkali (NaOH 1N) or acid (HCl 1N), induces ultrastructural changes in the upper layers of human epidermis. In the current experiments, acetone and kerosene, which are primarily lipid solvents, were topically used on the volar surface of the forearm of Caucasian and Negro volunteers. Skin specimens were bioptically removed after 90 min. exposure and 72. hours later, fixed in 3% buffered glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% phosphate osmium tetroxide, then flat embedded in Epon.

Changes in corneocyte element concentrations occur in skin inner stratum corneum

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
R. R. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Element Concentration ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Intercellular Lipid

Keratinocytes undergo maturation during their transit through the viable layers of skin, and then abruptly transform into flattened, anuclear corneocytes that constitute the cellular component of the skin barrier, the stratum corneum (SC). The SC is generally considered to be homogeneous in its structure and barrier properties, and is often shown schematically as a featureless brick wall, the “bricks” being the corneocytes, the “mortar” being intercellular lipid. Previously we showed the outer SC was not homogeneous in its composition, but contained steep gradients of the physiological inorganic elements Na, K and Cl, likely originating from sweat salts. Here we show the innermost corneocytes in human skin are also heterogeneous in composition, undergoing systematic changes in intracellular element concentration during transit into the interior of the SC.Human skin biopsies were taken from the lower leg of individuals with both “good” and “dry” skin and plunge-frozen in a stirred, cooled isopentane/propane mixture.

Desmosomal distribution in the epidermis of a non-contracting human skin equivalent

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 896-897
Author(s):  
L.X. Oakford ◽  
S.D. Dimitrijevich ◽  
R. Gracy
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Skin Equivalent ◽  
Tissue Component ◽  
Intact Skin ◽  
Similar Sequence ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Suprabasal Keratinocytes ◽  
Human Skin Equivalent

In intact skin the epidermal layer is a dynamic tissue component which is maintained by a basal layer of mitotically active cells. The protective upper epidermis, the stratum corneum, is generated by differentiation of the suprabasal keratinocytes which eventually desquamate as anuclear comeocytes. A similar sequence of events is observed in vitro in the non-contracting human skin equivalent (HSE) which was developed in this lab (1). As a part of the definition process for this model of living skin we are examining its ultrastructural features. Since desmosomes are important in maintaining cell-cell interactions in stratified epithelia their distribution in HSE was examined.

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