Synthesis and Characterization of Human Skin-Compatible Conductive Flexible Cellulose Carbon Nanohorn Sheets

Abstract Background: Conductive sheets of cellulose and carbon nanomaterials and its human skin applications are an interesting research aspect as they have potential for applications for skin compatibility. Hence it is needed to explore the effects and shed light on these applications.Method: To fabricate wearable, portable, flexible, lightweight, inexpensive, and biocompatible composite materials, carbon nanohorns (CNHs) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) were used as precursors to prepare CNH-HEC (Cnh-cel) composite sheets. Cnh-cel sheets were prepared with different loading concentrations of CNHs (10, 20 50,100 mg) in 200 mg cellulose. To fabricate the bio-compatible sheets, a pristine composite of CNHs and HEC was prepared without any pretreatment of the materials. Results: The obtained sheets are conductive (1.83×10-5 S) and bio-compatible with human skin. Analysis for skin-compatibility was performed for Cnh-cel sheets by h-CLAT in vitro skin sensitization tests to evaluate the activation of THP-1 cells. It was found that THP-1 cells were not activated by Cnh-cel; hence Cnh-cel is a safe biomaterial for human skin. It was also found that the composite allowed only a maximum loading of 100 mg to retain the consistent geometry of free-standing sheets of < 100 µm thickness. Since CNHs have a unique arrangement of aggregates (dahlia structure), the composite is homogeneous, as verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and other functional properties investigated by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), conductance measurement, tensile strength measurement, and skin sensitization.Conclusion: It can be concluded that cellulose and CNHs sheets are conductive and compatible to human skin applications.

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Synthesis and characterization of conductive flexible cellulose carbon nanohorn sheets for human tissue applications

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34961/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Karthik Paneer Selvam ◽

Taichi Nagahata ◽

Kosuke Kato ◽

Mayuko Koreishi ◽

Toshiyuki Nakamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Human Skin ◽

Carbon Nanomaterials ◽

Conductivity Measurement ◽

Skin Sensitization ◽

Free Standing ◽

Carbon Nanohorns ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Skin Compatibility

Abstract Background: Conductive sheets of cellulose and carbon nanomaterials and its human skin applications are an interesting research aspect as they have potential for applications for skin compatibility. Hence it is needed to explore the effects and shed light on these applications.Method: To fabricate wearable, portable, flexible, lightweight, inexpensive, and biocompatible composite materials, carbon nanohorns (CNHs) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) were used as precursors to prepare CNH-HEC (Cnh-cel) composite sheets. Cnh-cel sheets were prepared with different loading concentrations of CNHs (10, 20 50,100 mg) in 200 mg cellulose. To fabricate the bio-compatible sheets, a pristine composite of CNHs and HEC was prepared without any pretreatment of the materials. Results: The obtained sheets possess a conductivity of 1.83×10-10 S/m and bio-compatible with human skin. Analysis for skin-compatibility was performed for Cnh-cel sheets by h-CLAT in vitro skin sensitization tests to evaluate the activation of THP-1 cells. It was found that THP-1 cells were not activated by Cnh-cel; hence Cnh-cel is a safe biomaterial for human skin. It was also found that the composite allowed only a maximum loading of 100 mg to retain the consistent geometry of free-standing sheets of < 100 µm thickness. Since CNHs have a unique arrangement of aggregates (dahlia structure), the composite is homogeneous, as verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and other functional properties investigated by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), conductivity measurement, tensile strength measurement, and skin sensitization.Conclusion: It can be concluded that cellulose and CNHs sheets are conductive and compatible to human skin applications.

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Synthesis and characterization of conductive flexible cellulose carbon nanohorn sheets for human tissue applications

Biomaterials Research ◽

10.1186/s40824-020-00194-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Karthik Paneer Selvam ◽

Taichi Nagahata ◽

Kosuke Kato ◽

Mayuko Koreishi ◽

Toshiyuki Nakamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Human Skin ◽

Carbon Nanomaterials ◽

Conductivity Measurement ◽

Skin Sensitization ◽

Free Standing ◽

Carbon Nanohorns ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Skin Compatibility

Abstract Background Conductive sheets of cellulose and carbon nanomaterials and its human skin applications are an interesting research aspect as they have potential for applications for skin compatibility. Hence it is needed to explore the effects and shed light on these applications. Method To fabricate wearable, portable, flexible, lightweight, inexpensive, and biocompatible composite materials, carbon nanohorns (CNHs) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) were used as precursors to prepare CNH-HEC (Cnh-cel) composite sheets. Cnh-cel sheets were prepared with different loading concentrations of CNHs (10, 20 50,100 mg) in 200 mg cellulose. To fabricate the bio-compatible sheets, a pristine composite of CNHs and HEC was prepared without any pretreatment of the materials. Results The obtained sheets possess a conductivity of 1.83 × 10− 10 S/m and bio-compatible with human skin. Analysis for skin-compatibility was performed for Cnh-cel sheets by h-CLAT in vitro skin sensitization tests to evaluate the activation of THP-1 cells. It was found that THP-1 cells were not activated by Cnh-cel; hence Cnh-cel is a safe biomaterial for human skin. It was also found that the composite allowed only a maximum loading of 100 mg to retain the consistent geometry of free-standing sheets of < 100 μm thickness. Since CNHs have a unique arrangement of aggregates (dahlia structure), the composite is homogeneous, as verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and other functional properties investigated by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), conductivity measurement, tensile strength measurement, and skin sensitization. Conclusion It can be concluded that cellulose and CNHs sheets are conductive and compatible to human skin applications.

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In vitro safety assessment of papain on human skin: A qualitative Light and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) study

Revista Brasileira de Ci?ncias Farmac?uticas ◽

10.1590/s1516-93322008000100017 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 151-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Patrícia Santos Lopes ◽

Gabriele Wander Ruas ◽

André Rolim Baby ◽

Claudinéia Aparecida Sales de Olive Pinto ◽

Ii-sei Watanabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Human Skin ◽

Safety Assessment ◽

Transmission Electron

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Facile Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites Membranes for Effective Removal of As(III) from Water

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2021.19004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 3596-3610

Author(s):

Manpreet Kaur ◽

Kiran Jeet ◽

Manpreet Kaur

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Carbon Nanomaterials ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Physical Conditions ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Effective Removal ◽

Adsorption Processes ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Filter Papers

Study is aimed to develop carbon nanomaterials based adsorbents for effective removal of heavy metal ions such as arsenic (As(III)) from contaminant water. The synthesized adsorbents [viz graphene oxide (GO), chitosan nanoparticles (Ch) film, graphene oxide/chitosan nanoparticles (GO/Ch) film and graphene oxide-carbon nanotubes/chitosan nanoparticles (GO-CNTs/Ch) film] were characterized using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transmission infrared (FT-IR). Adsorption experiments were designed to study adsorption of As(III) by varied nanomaterials. Maximum adsorption capacities were observed to be 30.30 mg/g, 25 mg/g, 23.81 mg/g and 11.63 mg/g for GO, Ch film, GO/Ch film and GO-CNTs/Ch film respectively to adsorb As(III) ion from aqueous solution at optimum physical conditions (i.e., pH = 6, contact time = 20 minutes and temperature = 30 °C). GO shows high adsorption capacity for adsorption of As(III) ions as compared to the other adsorbents. But other adsorbents such as GO/Ch film and GO-CNTs/Ch film show great potential in the field of water decontamination due to their ability to be used in the form of thin film membranes/filter papers. Thermodynamical parameters obtained from adsorption data have shown adsorption processes to be spontaneous and exothermic.

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A New Sterilization Strategy Using TiO2 Nanotubes for Production of Free Radicals that Eliminate Viruses and Application of a Treatment Strategy to Combat Infections Caused by Emerging SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11060680 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 680

Author(s):

Reham Z. Hamza ◽

Adil A. Gobouri ◽

Hatim M. Al-Yasi ◽

Tarek A. Al-Talhi ◽

Samy M. El-Megharbel

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Antiviral Activity ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Tio2 Nps ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Chemical Purity

Synthesized titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) nanotubes were used for the disinfection of new emerging corona virus-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in this study. The newly synthesized TiO2-NPs (nanotubes) were characterized by chemical spectroscopic analysis Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet FT-IR and UV. The chemical purity and Zeta potential distribution of the TiO2-NPs (nanotubes) were evaluated to confirm their nano-range, and their surface morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The antiviral activity of the TiO2-NPs (nanotubes) against SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated using 10% (Dimethyl sulfoxide) DMSO and dist.H2O using a cytotoxicity assay and inhibitory concentration assay (to determine the cytotoxic half concentration CC50 and half maximal inhibitory concentration IC50). The current results confirmed that TiO2-NPs exhibit strong anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity at very low cytotoxic concentrations in vitro with a non-significant selectivity index (CC50/IC50 ≤ 1). The obtained results indicate that TiO2-NPs and nanotubes have potent antiviral activity at a very low concentrations (IC50 = 568.6 ng/mL), with a weak cytotoxic effect on the cellular host (CC50 = 399.1 ng/mL). Thus, we highly recommend the use of TiO2-NPs (nanotubes) in vitro and in wall coatings as a potent disinfectant to combat SARS-CoV-2 with little irritation of the cellular hosts. Furthermore, we also recommend more and excessive prospective studies on the complexation of natural active or natural compounds with TiO2-NPs (nanotubes) to minimize their cytotoxicity, enhance their antiviral activity, and increase their inhibition of SARS-CoV-2.

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Maytansine-Induced Mitotic Arrest in Human Lymphoblasts

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100079747 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 460-461

Author(s):

Tai-Te Chao ◽

John Sullivan ◽

Awtar Krishan

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Cell Cycle ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Tubulin Polymerization ◽

Vinca Alkaloids ◽

Antimitotic Activity ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Flow Microfluorometry ◽

Brain Tubulin

Maytansine, a novel ansa macrolide (1), has potent anti-tumor and antimitotic activity (2, 3). It blocks cell cycle traverse in mitosis with resultant accumulation of metaphase cells (4). Inhibition of brain tubulin polymerization in vitro by maytansine has also been reported (3). The C-mitotic effect of this drug is similar to that of the well known Vinca- alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine. This study was carried out to examine the effects of maytansine on the cell cycle traverse and the fine struc- I ture of human lymphoblasts.Log-phase cultures of CCRF-CEM human lymphoblasts were exposed to maytansine concentrations from 10-6 M to 10-10 M for 18 hrs. Aliquots of cells were removed for cell cycle analysis by flow microfluorometry (FMF) (5) and also processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FMF analysis of cells treated with 10-8 M maytansine showed a reduction in the number of G1 cells and a corresponding build-up of cells with G2/M DNA content.

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Correlation Between Cellular Functions and Morphological Changes of Human Trophoblast in Vitro

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100116620 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 600-601

Author(s):

John C. Garancis ◽

Robert O. Hussa ◽

Michael T. Story ◽

Donald Yorde ◽

Roland A. Pattillo

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Cellular Proliferation ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Culture Fluid ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Human Trophoblast ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Marked Activity ◽

Malignant Trophoblast

Human malignant trophoblast cells in continuous culture were incubated for 3 days in medium containing 1 mM N6-O2'-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) and 1 mM theophylline. The culture fluid was replenished daily. Stimulated cultures secreted many times more chorionic gonadotropin and estrogens than did control cultures in the absence of increased cellular proliferation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed remarkable surface changes of stimulated cells. Control cells (not stimulated) were smooth or provided with varying numbers of microvilli (Fig. 1). The latter, usually, were short and thin. The surface features of stimulated cells were considerably different. There was marked increase of microvilli which appeared elongated and thick. Many cells were covered with confluent polypoid projections (Fig. 2). Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated marked activity of cytoplasmic organelles. Mitochondria were increased in number and size; some giant forms with numerous cristae were observed.

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Pd Nanoparticles Stabilized on the Cross-Linked Melamine-Based SBA-15 as a Catalyst for the Mizoroki–Heck Reaction

Catalysis Letters ◽

10.1007/s10562-021-03691-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ayat Nuri ◽

Abolfazl Bezaatpour ◽

Mandana Amiri ◽

Nemanja Vucetic ◽

Jyri-Pekka Mikkola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Coupling Reaction ◽

Pd Nanoparticles ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Ft Ir

AbstractMesoporous SBA-15 silicate with a high surface area was prepared by a hydrothermal method, successively modified by organic melamine ligands and then used for deposition of Pd nanoparticles onto it. The synthesized materials were characterized with infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). The catalyst was effectively used in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction of various reactants in the presence of an organic base giving the desired products in a short reaction time and with small catalysts loadings. The reaction parameters such as the base type, amounts of catalyst, solvents, and the temperature were optimized. The catalyst was easily recovered and reused at least seven times without significant activity losses. Graphic Abstract

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Ethosomes and Transethosomes for Mangiferin Transdermal Delivery

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10050768 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 768

Author(s):

Maddalena Sguizzato ◽

Francesca Ferrara ◽

Supandeep Singh Hallan ◽

Anna Baldisserotto ◽

Markus Drechsler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Human Keratinocytes ◽

Antioxidant Response ◽

Correlation Spectroscopy ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Mangiferin is a natural glucosyl xanthone with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, making it suitable for protection against cutaneous diseases. In this study ethosomes and transethosomes were designed as topical delivery systems for mangiferin. A preformulation study was conducted using different surfactants in association with phosphatidylcholine. Vesicle dimensional distribution was monitored by photon correlation spectroscopy, while antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity were respectively assessed by free radical scavenging analysis and MTT on HaCaT keratinocytes. Selected nanosystems were further investigated by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, while mangiferin entrapment capacity was evaluated by ultracentrifugation and HPLC. The diffusion kinetics of mangiferin from ethosomes and transethosomes evaluated by Franz cell was faster in the case of transethosomes. The suitability of mangiferin-containing nanovesicles in the treatment of skin disorders related to pollutants was investigated, evaluating, in vitro, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of ethosomes and transethosomes on human keratinocytes exposed to cigarette smoke as an oxidative and inflammatory challenger. The ability to induce an antioxidant response (HO-1) and anti-inflammatory status (IL-6 and NF-kB) was determined by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. The data demonstrated the effectiveness of mangiferin loaded in nanosystems to protect cells from damage. Finally, to gain insight into the keratinocytes’ uptake of ethosome and transethosome, transmission electron microscopy analyses were conducted, showing that both nanosystems were able to pass intact within the cells.

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Hydrothermal Synthesis, Characterization and Exploration of Photocatalytic Activities of Polyoxometalate: Ni-CoWO4 Nanoparticles

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11050456 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 456

Author(s):

Fahad A. Alharthi ◽

Hamdah S. Alanazi ◽

Amjad Abdullah Alsyahi ◽

Naushad Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Structure Morphology ◽

Photocatalytic Activities ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Photocatalytic Reactions ◽

Cobalt Tungstate

This study demonstrated the hydrothermal synthesis of bimetallic nickel-cobalt tungstate nanostructures, Ni-CoWO4 (NCW-NPs), and their phase structure, morphology, porosity, and optical properties were examined using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), high resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Raman instruments. It was found that as-calcined NCW-NPs have a monoclinic phase with crystal size ~50–60 nm and is mesoporous. It possessed smooth, spherical, and cubic shape microstructures with defined fringe distance (~0.342 nm). The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rose bengal (RB) dye in the presence of NCW-NPs was evaluated, and about 49.85% of MB in 150 min and 92.28% of RB in 90 min degraded under visible light. In addition, based on the scavenger’s study, the mechanism for photocatalytic reactions is proposed.

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