scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of conductive flexible cellulose carbon nanohorn sheets for human tissue applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik Paneer Selvam ◽  
Taichi Nagahata ◽  
Kosuke Kato ◽  
Mayuko Koreishi ◽  
Toshiyuki Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Skin Sensitization ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Carbon Nanohorns ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Skin Compatibility

Abstract Background: Conductive sheets of cellulose and carbon nanomaterials and its human skin applications are an interesting research aspect as they have potential for applications for skin compatibility. Hence it is needed to explore the effects and shed light on these applications.Method: To fabricate wearable, portable, flexible, lightweight, inexpensive, and biocompatible composite materials, carbon nanohorns (CNHs) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) were used as precursors to prepare CNH-HEC (Cnh-cel) composite sheets. Cnh-cel sheets were prepared with different loading concentrations of CNHs (10, 20 50,100 mg) in 200 mg cellulose. To fabricate the bio-compatible sheets, a pristine composite of CNHs and HEC was prepared without any pretreatment of the materials. Results: The obtained sheets possess a conductivity of 1.83×10-10 S/m and bio-compatible with human skin. Analysis for skin-compatibility was performed for Cnh-cel sheets by h-CLAT in vitro skin sensitization tests to evaluate the activation of THP-1 cells. It was found that THP-1 cells were not activated by Cnh-cel; hence Cnh-cel is a safe biomaterial for human skin. It was also found that the composite allowed only a maximum loading of 100 mg to retain the consistent geometry of free-standing sheets of < 100 µm thickness. Since CNHs have a unique arrangement of aggregates (dahlia structure), the composite is homogeneous, as verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and other functional properties investigated by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), conductivity measurement, tensile strength measurement, and skin sensitization.Conclusion: It can be concluded that cellulose and CNHs sheets are conductive and compatible to human skin applications.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of conductive flexible cellulose carbon nanohorn sheets for human tissue applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik Paneer Selvam ◽  
Taichi Nagahata ◽  
Kosuke Kato ◽  
Mayuko Koreishi ◽  
Toshiyuki Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Skin Sensitization ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Carbon Nanohorns ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Skin Compatibility

Abstract Background Conductive sheets of cellulose and carbon nanomaterials and its human skin applications are an interesting research aspect as they have potential for applications for skin compatibility. Hence it is needed to explore the effects and shed light on these applications. Method To fabricate wearable, portable, flexible, lightweight, inexpensive, and biocompatible composite materials, carbon nanohorns (CNHs) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) were used as precursors to prepare CNH-HEC (Cnh-cel) composite sheets. Cnh-cel sheets were prepared with different loading concentrations of CNHs (10, 20 50,100 mg) in 200 mg cellulose. To fabricate the bio-compatible sheets, a pristine composite of CNHs and HEC was prepared without any pretreatment of the materials. Results The obtained sheets possess a conductivity of 1.83 × 10− 10 S/m and bio-compatible with human skin. Analysis for skin-compatibility was performed for Cnh-cel sheets by h-CLAT in vitro skin sensitization tests to evaluate the activation of THP-1 cells. It was found that THP-1 cells were not activated by Cnh-cel; hence Cnh-cel is a safe biomaterial for human skin. It was also found that the composite allowed only a maximum loading of 100 mg to retain the consistent geometry of free-standing sheets of < 100 μm thickness. Since CNHs have a unique arrangement of aggregates (dahlia structure), the composite is homogeneous, as verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and other functional properties investigated by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), conductivity measurement, tensile strength measurement, and skin sensitization. Conclusion It can be concluded that cellulose and CNHs sheets are conductive and compatible to human skin applications.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Human Skin-Compatible Conductive Flexible Cellulose Carbon Nanohorn Sheets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik Paneer Selvam ◽  
Taichi Nagahata ◽  
Kosuke Kato ◽  
Mayuko Koreishi ◽  
Toshiyuki Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Skin Sensitization ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Carbon Nanohorns ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Skin Compatibility

Abstract Background: Conductive sheets of cellulose and carbon nanomaterials and its human skin applications are an interesting research aspect as they have potential for applications for skin compatibility. Hence it is needed to explore the effects and shed light on these applications.Method: To fabricate wearable, portable, flexible, lightweight, inexpensive, and biocompatible composite materials, carbon nanohorns (CNHs) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) were used as precursors to prepare CNH-HEC (Cnh-cel) composite sheets. Cnh-cel sheets were prepared with different loading concentrations of CNHs (10, 20 50,100 mg) in 200 mg cellulose. To fabricate the bio-compatible sheets, a pristine composite of CNHs and HEC was prepared without any pretreatment of the materials. Results: The obtained sheets are conductive (1.83×10-5­ S) and bio-compatible with human skin. Analysis for skin-compatibility was performed for Cnh-cel sheets by h-CLAT in vitro skin sensitization tests to evaluate the activation of THP-1 cells. It was found that THP-1 cells were not activated by Cnh-cel; hence Cnh-cel is a safe biomaterial for human skin. It was also found that the composite allowed only a maximum loading of 100 mg to retain the consistent geometry of free-standing sheets of < 100 µm thickness. Since CNHs have a unique arrangement of aggregates (dahlia structure), the composite is homogeneous, as verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and other functional properties investigated by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), conductance measurement, tensile strength measurement, and skin sensitization.Conclusion: It can be concluded that cellulose and CNHs sheets are conductive and compatible to human skin applications.

scholarly journals In vitro safety assessment of papain on human skin: A qualitative Light and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) study

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Santos Lopes ◽  
Gabriele Wander Ruas ◽  
André Rolim Baby ◽  
Claudinéia Aparecida Sales de Olive Pinto ◽  
Ii-sei Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Transmission Electron

Maytansine-Induced Mitotic Arrest in Human Lymphoblasts

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 460-461
Author(s):  
Tai-Te Chao ◽  
John Sullivan ◽  
Awtar Krishan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tubulin Polymerization ◽  
Vinca Alkaloids ◽  
Antimitotic Activity ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Flow Microfluorometry ◽  
Brain Tubulin

Maytansine, a novel ansa macrolide (1), has potent anti-tumor and antimitotic activity (2, 3). It blocks cell cycle traverse in mitosis with resultant accumulation of metaphase cells (4). Inhibition of brain tubulin polymerization in vitro by maytansine has also been reported (3). The C-mitotic effect of this drug is similar to that of the well known Vinca- alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine. This study was carried out to examine the effects of maytansine on the cell cycle traverse and the fine struc- I ture of human lymphoblasts.Log-phase cultures of CCRF-CEM human lymphoblasts were exposed to maytansine concentrations from 10-6 M to 10-10 M for 18 hrs. Aliquots of cells were removed for cell cycle analysis by flow microfluorometry (FMF) (5) and also processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FMF analysis of cells treated with 10-8 M maytansine showed a reduction in the number of G1 cells and a corresponding build-up of cells with G2/M DNA content.

Correlation Between Cellular Functions and Morphological Changes of Human Trophoblast in Vitro

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
John C. Garancis ◽  
Robert O. Hussa ◽  
Michael T. Story ◽  
Donald Yorde ◽  
Roland A. Pattillo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Human Trophoblast ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Marked Activity ◽  
Malignant Trophoblast

Human malignant trophoblast cells in continuous culture were incubated for 3 days in medium containing 1 mM N6-O2'-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) and 1 mM theophylline. The culture fluid was replenished daily. Stimulated cultures secreted many times more chorionic gonadotropin and estrogens than did control cultures in the absence of increased cellular proliferation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed remarkable surface changes of stimulated cells. Control cells (not stimulated) were smooth or provided with varying numbers of microvilli (Fig. 1). The latter, usually, were short and thin. The surface features of stimulated cells were considerably different. There was marked increase of microvilli which appeared elongated and thick. Many cells were covered with confluent polypoid projections (Fig. 2). Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated marked activity of cytoplasmic organelles. Mitochondria were increased in number and size; some giant forms with numerous cristae were observed.

scholarly journals Ethosomes and Transethosomes for Mangiferin Transdermal Delivery

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 768
Author(s):  
Maddalena Sguizzato ◽  
Francesca Ferrara ◽  
Supandeep Singh Hallan ◽  
Anna Baldisserotto ◽  
Markus Drechsler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Mangiferin is a natural glucosyl xanthone with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, making it suitable for protection against cutaneous diseases. In this study ethosomes and transethosomes were designed as topical delivery systems for mangiferin. A preformulation study was conducted using different surfactants in association with phosphatidylcholine. Vesicle dimensional distribution was monitored by photon correlation spectroscopy, while antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity were respectively assessed by free radical scavenging analysis and MTT on HaCaT keratinocytes. Selected nanosystems were further investigated by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, while mangiferin entrapment capacity was evaluated by ultracentrifugation and HPLC. The diffusion kinetics of mangiferin from ethosomes and transethosomes evaluated by Franz cell was faster in the case of transethosomes. The suitability of mangiferin-containing nanovesicles in the treatment of skin disorders related to pollutants was investigated, evaluating, in vitro, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of ethosomes and transethosomes on human keratinocytes exposed to cigarette smoke as an oxidative and inflammatory challenger. The ability to induce an antioxidant response (HO-1) and anti-inflammatory status (IL-6 and NF-kB) was determined by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. The data demonstrated the effectiveness of mangiferin loaded in nanosystems to protect cells from damage. Finally, to gain insight into the keratinocytes’ uptake of ethosome and transethosome, transmission electron microscopy analyses were conducted, showing that both nanosystems were able to pass intact within the cells.

scholarly journals Facile synthesis of Au/ZnO/Ag nanoparticles using Glechoma hederacea L. extract, and their activity against leukemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Dobrucka ◽  
Aleksandra Romaniuk-Drapała ◽  
Mariusz Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
Leukemia Cell Line ◽  
Mtt Test ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Glechoma Hederacea

AbstractMetal combinations have been attracting the attention of scientists for some time. They usually exhibit new characteristics that are different from the ones possessed by their components. In this work, Au/ZnO/Ag nanoparticles were synthesized biologically using Glechoma hederacea L. extract. The synthesized Au/ZnO/Ag nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The microscopic methods confirmed the presence of spherical nanoparticles of 50–70 nm. The influence of biologically synthesized Au/ZnO/Ag nanoparticles on the vitality of human cells was evaluated in vitro with the use of established human Acute T Cell Leukemia cell line, Jurkat (ATCC® TIB-152™), as well as mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood (PBMC) of voluntary donors. Cell survival and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration index (IC50) were analyzed by the MTT test. The studies showed that the total loss of cell viability occurred at the Au/ZnO/Ag nanoparticle concentration range of 10 µmol–50 µmol. The use of Au/ZnO/Ag nanoparticles at the concentration of 100 µmol eliminated almost all living cells from the culture in 24h. The above observation confirms the result obtained during the MTT test.

scholarly journals Cemp1-p3 Peptide Promotes the Transformation of Octacalcium Phosphate into Hydroxyapatite Crystals

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
Maricela Santana ◽  
Gonzalo Montoya ◽  
Raúl Herrera ◽  
Lía Hoz ◽  
Enrique Romo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Octacalcium Phosphate ◽  
Sequence Motifs ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Precursor Phase ◽  
Mineralized Tissues ◽  
Potent Growth

Dental cementum contains unique molecules that regulate the mineralization process in vitro and in vivo, such as cementum protein 1 (CEMP1). This protein possesses amino acid sequence motifs like the human recombinant CEMP1 with biological activity. This novel cementum protein 1-derived peptide (CEMP1-p3, from the CEMP1’s N-terminal domain: (QPLPKGCAAVKAEVGIPAPH), consists of 20 amino acids. Hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals could be obtained through the combination of the amorphous precursor phase and macromolecules such as proteins and peptides. We used a simple method to synthesize peptide/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites using OCP and CEMP1-p3. The characterization of the crystals through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), high--resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Raman spectroscopy revealed that CEMP1-p3 transformed OCP into hydroxyapatite (HA) under constant ionic strength and in a buffered solution. CEMP1-p3 binds and highly adsorbs to OCP and is a potent growth stimulator of OCP crystals. CEMP1-p3 fosters the transformation of OCP into HA crystals with crystalline planes (300) and (004) that correspond to the cell of hexagonal HA. Octacalcium phosphate crystals treated with CEMP1-p3 grown in simulated physiological buffer acquired hexagonal arrangement corresponding to HA. These findings provide new insights into the potential application of CEMP1-p3 on possible biomimetic approaches to generate materials for the repair and regeneration of mineralized tissues, or restorative materials in the orthopedic field.

scholarly journals Biocompatibility Characteristics of Titanium Coated with Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes—Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Eun Park ◽  
Yong-Seok Jang ◽  
Tae-Sung Bae ◽  
Min-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Multi walled carbon nanotubes-hydroxyapatite (MWCNTs-HA) with various contents of MWCNTs was synthesized using the sol-gel method. MWCNTs-HA composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). HA particles were generated on the surface of MWCNT. Produced MWCNTs-HA nanocomposites were coated on pure titanium (PT). Characteristic of the titanium coated MWCNTs-HA was evaluated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and XRD. The results show that the titanium surface was covered with MWCNTs-HA nanoparticles and MWCNTs help form the crystalized hydroxyapatite. Furthermore, the MWCNTs-HA coated titanium was investigated for in vitro cellular responses. Cell proliferation and differentiation were improved on the surface of MWCNT-HA coated titanium.

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