Rapid and specific detection of intact viral particles using functionalized microslit silicon membranes as a fouling-based sensor

The Analyst ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Klaczko ◽  
Kilean Lucas ◽  
Alec T. Salminen ◽  
Molly C. McCloskey ◽  
Baturay Ozgurun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Public ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Accessible Point ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the public health benefits of reliable and accessible point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tests for viral infections. Despite the rapid development of gold-standard reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction...

scholarly journals Anosmia as a Screening Tool for COVID-19 Infection: A Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Esra AlHamadani ◽  
Sania Zia ◽  
Ali AlRahma ◽  
Firas AlNajjar
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Public ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Low Sensitivity

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Several studies promoted anosmia as a possible isolated symptom for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). No studies used feasible methods of smell testing that the public would use to address the accuracy of these claims. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a single-center study conducted between April 2020 and June 2020. The sense of smell was tested in vitally stable suspected COVID-19 patients with no/mild upper respiratory tract infection symptoms prior to nasopharyngeal swabbing for reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Patients were instructed to close their eyes. Each nostril was tested separately while the other was blocked with the patient’s index finger. Patients inhaled from 2 concealed vials (coffee and strawberry essence) consecutively, kept within 30 cm of the nostril for 60 s. Patients who could not identify both odors with both nostrils were recorded as “anosmia.” <b><i>Results:</i></b> Out of 346 eligible subjects, 43 had anosmia of which 26 (60%) tested COVID-19 positive. χ<sup>2</sup> test showed a <i>p</i> value &#x3c;0.001. The test showed a sensitivity of 30% (95% confidence interval [CI] 21%, 41%) and specificity 94% (95% CI 90%, 96%). Logistic regression revealed an odds ratio of 5.9 (95% CI 3.0, 12) <i>p</i> value &#x3c;0.001. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Given the low sensitivity (30%) of this method in detecting COVID-19 infection, we conclude that this method is not a useful screening tool for COVID-19 infection. The moderate negative predictive value (80%) is nongeneralizable.

scholarly journals Utility of forensic detection of rabies virus in decomposed exhumed dog carcasses

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Markotter ◽  
Jessica Coertse ◽  
Kevin Le Roux ◽  
Joey Peens ◽  
Jacqueline Weyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Brain Material ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Genomic Material

This report describes four suspected rabies cases in domestic dogs that were involved inhuman exposures. In all these cases, the animals were buried for substantial times beforerabies testing was performed. Animal rabies is endemic in South Africa and domestic dogsare the main vector for transmission to humans. Diagnosis of rabies in humans is complicated,and diagnosis in the animal vector can provide circumstantial evidence to support clinicaldiagnosis of rabies in humans. The gold standard diagnostic method, fluorescent antibodytest (FAT), only delivers reliable results when performed on fresh brain material and thereforedecomposed samples are rarely submitted for diagnostic testing. Severely decomposed brainmaterial was tested for the presence of rabies virus genomic material using a quantitativereal-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (q-real-time RT-PCR) assaywhen conventional molecular methods were unsuccessful. This may be a useful tool in theinvestigation of cases where the opportunity to sample the suspected animals post mortem wasforfeited and which would not be possible with conventional testing methodologies becauseof the decomposition of the material.

scholarly journals A Self-Contained Portable Polymerase-Chain-Reaction System Integrated with Electromagnetic Mini-Actuators for Bi-Directional Fluid Transport

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
B. T. Chia ◽  
S.-A. Yang ◽  
M.-Y. Cheng ◽  
C.-W. Lin ◽  
Y.-J. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Rapid Temperature ◽  
Small Footprint ◽  
Polymerase Chain

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the development of a portable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) device is presented. Integrating electromagnetic mini-actuators for bi-directional fluid transport, the proposed device, whose dimension is 67mm × 66mm × 25mm, can be fully operated with a 5V DC voltage. The device consists of four major parts: A disposable channel chip in which PCR mixture is manipulated and reacted, a heater chip which generates different temperature zones for PCR reaction, a linear actuator array for pumping PCR mixture, and a circuit module for controlling and driving the system. The advantages of the device include the rapid temperature responses associated with continuous-flow-type PCR devices, as well as the programmable thermal cycling associated with chamber-type PCR devices. The thermal characteristics are measured and discussed. PCR amplification is successfully performed for the 122 bp segment of MCF-7/adr cell line. Due to its small footprint, this self-contained system potentially can be employed for point-of-care (POC) applications.

scholarly journals Three Severe Cases of Viral Infections with Post-Kidney Transplantation Successfully Confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Flow Cytometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-206
Author(s):  
Keita Nakanishi ◽  
Hiroshi Kaito ◽  
Miki Ogi ◽  
Denshi Takai ◽  
Junya Fujimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Epstein Barr

Viral infections in patients with post-kidney transplantation are often difficult to diagnose as well as treat. We herein report three cases with severe viral infections after kidney transplantation. All their causative pathogens could be detected promptly by polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry during the early stages of infection. These examinations would also be of great use to monitor therapeutic responses and disease activity. It is indeed true that no specific treatment is available for most of the viral infections, but we should be aware that some infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus infection, can be treatable with prompt and specific treatment, such as rituximab.

scholarly journals PCR - based diagnosis to evaluate the performance of malaria reference centers

2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Maria Di Santi ◽  
Karin Kirchgatter ◽  
Karen Cristina Sant'Anna Brunialti ◽  
Alessandra Mota Oliveira ◽  
Sergio Roberto Santos Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Thick Blood Smear ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Ssrrna Gene

Although the Giemsa-stained thick blood smear (GTS) remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of malaria, molecular methods are more sensitive and specific to detect parasites and can be used at reference centers to evaluate the performance of microscopy. The description of the Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. ovale ssrRNA gene sequences allowed the development of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that had been used to differentiate the four species. The objective of this study was to determine Plasmodium species through PCR in 190 positive smears from patients in order to verify the quality of diagnosis at SUCEN's Malaria Laboratory. Considering only the 131 positive results in both techniques, GTS detected 4.6% of mixed and 3.1% of P. malariae infections whereas PCR identified 19.1% and 13.8%, respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document