scholarly journals Distinct fermentation of human milk oligosaccharides 3-FL and LNT2 and GOS/inulin by infant gut microbiota and impact on adhesion of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 to gut epithelial cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunli Kong ◽  
Renate Akkerman ◽  
Cynthia E. Klostermann ◽  
Martin Beukema ◽  
Marjolein M. P. Oerlemans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides

Fermentation of hMOs 3-FL and LNT2 by infant gut microbiota is structure dependent and different from the commonly applied GOS/inulin, and the fermentation digesta may lead to differential potencies to stimulate the commensal bacteria colonizaiton.

scholarly journals Human milk oligosaccharides and non-digestible carbohydrates prevent adhesion of specific pathogens via modulating glycosylation or inflammatory genes in intestinal epithelial cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunli Kong ◽  
Martin Beukema ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Bart J. de Haan ◽  
Paul de Vos
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Inflammatory Genes

Human milk oligosaccharides 2′-FL and pectins inhibited pathogen adhesion through modulating glycosylation and inflammatory genes in intestinal epithelial cells.

scholarly journals Sialylated human milk oligosaccharides program cognitive development through a non-genomic transmission mode

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Hauser ◽  
Edoardo Pisa ◽  
Alejandro Arias Vásquez ◽  
Flavio Tomasi ◽  
Alice Traversa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Eye Opening

AbstractBreastmilk contains bioactive molecules essential for brain and cognitive development. While sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been implicated in phenotypic programming, their selective role and underlying mechanisms remained elusive. Here, we investigated the long-term consequences of a selective lactational deprivation of a specific sialylated HMO in mice. We capitalized on a knock-out (KO) mouse model (B6.129-St6gal1tm2Jxm/J) lacking the gene responsible for the synthesis of sialyl(alpha2,6)lactose (6′SL), one of the two sources of sialic acid (Neu5Ac) to the lactating offspring. Neu5Ac is involved in the formation of brain structures sustaining cognition. To deprive lactating offspring of 6′SL, we cross-fostered newborn wild-type (WT) pups to KO dams, which provide 6′SL-deficient milk. To test whether lactational 6′SL deprivation affects cognitive capabilities in adulthood, we assessed attention, perseveration, and memory. To detail the associated endophenotypes, we investigated hippocampal electrophysiology, plasma metabolomics, and gut microbiota composition. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we assessed gene expression (at eye-opening and in adulthood) in two brain regions mediating executive functions and memory (hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, PFC). Compared to control mice, WT offspring deprived of 6′SL during lactation exhibited consistent alterations in all cognitive functions addressed, hippocampal electrophysiology, and in pathways regulating the serotonergic system (identified through gut microbiota and plasma metabolomics). These were associated with a site- (PFC) and time-specific (eye-opening) reduced expression of genes involved in central nervous system development. Our data suggest that 6′SL in maternal milk adjusts cognitive development through a short-term upregulation of genes modulating neuronal patterning in the PFC.

scholarly journals Human Milk Glycomics and Gut Microbial Genomics in Infant Feces Show a Correlation between Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Gut Microbiota: A Proof-of-Concept Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 491-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lorna A. De Leoz ◽  
Karen M. Kalanetra ◽  
Nicholas A. Bokulich ◽  
John S. Strum ◽  
Mark A. Underwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Microbial Genomics ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
Infant Feces

scholarly journals Human milk oligosaccharides: Shaping the infant gut microbiota and supporting health

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 104074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clodagh Walsh ◽  
Jonathan A. Lane ◽  
Douwe van Sinderen ◽  
Rita M. Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides

scholarly journals Fucosylated Human Milk Oligosaccharides and N-Glycans in the Milk of Chinese Mothers Regulate the Gut Microbiome of Their Breast-Fed Infants during Different Lactation Stages

mSystems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaqiang Bai ◽  
Jia Tao ◽  
Jiaorui Zhou ◽  
Qingjie Fan ◽  
Man Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Chinese Mothers ◽  
Breast Fed

ABSTRACT The milk glycobiome has a significant impact on the gut microbiota of infants, which plays a pivotal role in health and development. Fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and N-glycans on milk proteins are beneficial for the development of healthy gut microbiota, and the fucosylation levels of these glycans can be affected by the maternal fucosyltransferase 2 gene (FUT2). Here, we present results of longitudinal research on paired milk and stool samples from 56 Chinese mothers (CMs) and their breast-fed children. Changes of HMOs and fucosylated N-glycans in milk of CMs at different lactation stages were detected, which allowed characterization of the major differences in milk glycans and consequential effects on the gut microbiome of infants according to maternal FUT2 status. Significant differences in the abundance of total and fucosylated HMOs between secretor and nonsecretor CMs were noted, especially during early lactation. Despite a tendency toward decreasing milk protein concentrations, the fucosylation levels of milk N-glycans increased during late lactation. The changes in the levels of fucosylated HMOs and milk N-glycans were highly correlated with the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in the gut of infants during early and later lactation, respectively. Enriched expression of genes encoding glycoside hydrolases, glycosyl transferases, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and permeases in infants fed by secretor CMs contributed to the promotion of these bacteria in infants. Our data highlight the important role of fucosylated milk glycans in shaping the gut microbiome of infants and provide a solid foundation for development of “personalized” nutrition for Chinese infants. IMPORTANCE Human milk glycans provide a broad range of carbon sources for gut microbes in infants. Levels of protein glycosylation in human milk vary during lactation and may also be affected by the stages of gestation and lactation and by the secretor status of the mother. This was the first study to evaluate systematically dynamic changes in human milk oligosaccharides and fucosylated N-glycans in the milk of Chinese mothers with different secretor statuses during 6 months of lactation. Given the unique single nucleotide polymorphism site (rs1047781, A385T) on the fucosyltransferase 2 gene among Chinese populations, our report provides a specific insight into the milk glycobiome of Chinese mothers, which may exert effects on the gut microbiota of infants that differ from findings from other study cohorts.

scholarly journals Human Milk Oligosaccharides Mediate the Crosstalk Between Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells and Lactobacillus PlantarumWCFS1in an In Vitro Model with Intestinal Peristaltic Shear Force

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (8) ◽  
pp. 2077-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunli Kong ◽  
Lianghui Cheng ◽  
Guido Krenning ◽  
Jolien Fledderus ◽  
Bart J de Haan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Commensal Bacterium ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides

ABSTRACT Background The intestinal epithelial cells, food molecules, and gut microbiota are continuously exposed to intestinal peristaltic shear force. Shear force may impact the crosstalk of human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs) with commensal bacteria and intestinal epithelial cells. Objectives We investigated how hMOs combined with intestinal peristaltic shear force impact intestinal epithelial cells and crosstalk with a commensal bacterium. Methods We applied the Ibidi system to mimic intestinal peristaltic shear force. Caco-2 cells were exposed to a shear force (5 dynes/cm2) for 3 d, and then stimulated with the hMOs, 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), 3-FL, and lacto-N-triose II (LNT2). In separate experiments, Lactobacillus plantarumWCFS1 adhesion to Caco-2 cells was studied with the same hMOs and shear force. Effects were tested on gene expression of glycocalyx-related molecules (glypican 1 [GPC1], hyaluronan synthase 1 [HAS1], HAS2, HAS3, exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 [EXT1], EXT2), defensin β-1 (DEFB1), and tight junction (tight junction protein 1 [TJP1], claudin 3 [CLDN3]) in Caco-2 cells. Protein expression of tight junctions was also quantified. Results Shear force dramatically decreased gene expression of the main enzymes for making glycosaminoglycan side chains (HAS3 by 43.3% and EXT1 by 68.7%) (P <0.01), but did not affect GPC1 which is the gene responsible for the synthesis of glypican 1 which is a major protein backbone of glycocalyx. Expression of DEFB1, TJP1, and CLDN3 genes was decreased 60.0–94.9% by shear force (P <0.001). The presence of L. plantarumWCFS1 increased GPC1, HAS2, HAS3, and ZO-1 expression by 1.78- to 3.34-fold (P <0.05). Under shear force, all hMOs significantly stimulated DEFB1 and ZO-1, whereas only 3-FL and LNT2 enhanced L. plantarumWCFS1 adhesion by 1.85- to 1.90-fold (P <0.01). Conclusions 3-FL and LNT2 support the crosstalk between the commensal bacterium L. plantarumWCFS1 and Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells, and shear force can increase the modulating effects of hMOs.

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