The significant effect of concentration (TBut/HCl) ratio in synthesizing titania nanoflowers (TNF) towards powder morphologies, crystallographic phases, surface area and band gap were investigated. Various synthesized titania nanostructure were prepared via facile hydrothermal method using titanium butoxide (TBut) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a mixing composition. The morphologies of synthesizing titania powder was analyzed by using FE-SEM to observe the shape and geometry of the synthesized powder. XRD was used to determine the crystallographic phases of synthesized powder at 2θ angles of 25° to 75°. Each samples were then investigated under BET analyzer to observe the particles surface morphology and UV-Vis analyzer to determine the band gap. The results demonstrated that the concentration of TBut/HCl ratio gave a very significant effect in transforming the mixing solution into geometrical shape of microspheres, nanoflowers and nanorods of titania as increasing the ratio. At TN0.5, the synthesized powder was clearly showed a circle geometrical shape of particles. The shape was suddenly change into round nanoflowers form consist of tiny nanorods at TN1. At TN1.5, the powder morphologies shows the nanoflowers started to form in irregular pattern. As the TBut/HCl ratio increased, the nanoflowers form disappeared and nanorods begin to clumps. In addition, all synthesized powder was in rutile phases guided by XRD peaks and band gap value reported from previous works. The particles surface area was also different for each samples since the geometrical shape of powder was change by increasing the concentration (TBut/HCl) ratio. Thus, concentration ratio of the mixing composition plays a major role in transforming the overall morphologies and structures of hydrothermally titania synthesized particles.
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