Directly incorporated phosphorus species into the framework of HZSM-5 zeolite (H[P, Al]-ZSM-5) was successfully synthesized by the facile hydrothermal method. It was characterized by employing XRD, ICP-OES, SEM, FT-IR, N2 adsorption-desorption, NH3-TPD, XPS and TG-DTA, respectively. The effects of the phosphorus species content, temperature, WHSV, and the molar ratio of methanol/1-butene in coupling transformation of methanol with 1-butene to propylene catalyzed by H[P, Al]-ZSM-5 in a fixed bed reactor were studied systematically. Tests have suggested the acid content and specific surface area of H[P, Al]-ZSM-5 are reduced. Under the condition of reaction temperature at 550�Z, molar ratio of methanol/1-butene to 1.0, reaction pressure at 0.1 MPa and WHSV= 3.53 h-1, the P-modified HZSM-5 zeolite (with the P2O5 molar composition of 0.4 )the selectivity and yield of propylene are 35.6% and 32.5%, respectively.