Ion pairs formed by alkali metals. Part 1.—Complexes of lithium, sodium and potassium with 4-nitropyridine

1975 ◽  
Vol 71 (0) ◽  
pp. 1829-1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Cremaschi ◽  
Aldo Gamba ◽  
Gabriele Morosi ◽  
Cesare Oliva ◽  
Massimo Simonetta
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Pulse Radiolytic Formation of Solvated Electrons, Ion-pairs, and Alkali Metal Anions in Tetrahydrofuran

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (18) ◽  
pp. 3259-3268 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Salmon ◽  
W. A. Seddon ◽  
J. W. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Alkali Metal Cation ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Alkali Metal Cations ◽  
Solvated Electrons ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Metal Anions

Pulse radiolysis of solutions of alkali metal cations in tetrahydrofuran (THF) demonstrates the formation of solvated electrons es−, alkali metal cation-ion pairs (M+, es−), and alkali metal anions M−. This paper describes the spectra, extinction coefficients, and radiolytic yields of es−, lithium, sodium, potassium, and cesium species in THF. The reaction kinetics are complex but largely involve reactions A and B[Formula: see text]with the concomitant disappearance of all three species by reaction with radiolytically produced radicals. Rate constants and ion-pair dissociation constants for es− and the sodium and potassium species are presented and compared with data established from studies of blue solutions of alkali metals dissolved in THF.

scholarly journals Emission of Noble Gases Binary Mixtures under Excitation by the Products of the 6Li (n, α)3 H Nuclear Reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kuanysh Samarkhanov ◽  
Mendykhan Khasenov ◽  
Erlan Batyrbekov ◽  
Inesh Kenzhina ◽  
Yerzhan Sapatayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reaction ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Noble Gases ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The luminescence of Kr-Xe, Ar-Kr, and Ar-Xe mixtures was studied in the spectral range 300–970 nm when excited by 6Li (n, α)3 H nuclear reaction products in the core of a nuclear reactor. Lithium was deposited on walls of experimental cell in the form of a capillary-porous structure, which made it possible to measure up to a temperature of 730 K. The temperature dependence of the radiation intensity of noble gas atoms, alkali metals, and heteronuclear ionic noble gas molecules was studied. Also, as in the case of single-component gases, the appearance of lithium lines and impurities of sodium and potassium is associated with vaporization during the release of nuclear reaction products from the lithium layer. The excitation of lithium atoms occurs mainly as a result of the Penning process of lithium atoms on noble gas atoms in the 1s states and subsequent ion-molecular reactions. Simultaneous radiation at transitions of atoms of noble gases and lithium, heteronuclear ion molecules of noble gases allows us to increase the efficiency of direct conversion of nuclear energy into light.

Artificial Transmembrane Channels for Sodium and Potassium

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Cragg
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Ion Specificity ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Transmembrane Channels ◽  
Essential Function ◽  
Membrane Spanning ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Transport of alkali metals, particularly sodium and potassium, across cell membranes is an essential function performed by special proteins that enable cells to regulate inter- and extracellular ion concentrations with exceptional selectivity. The importance of these channel-forming proteins has led to researchers emulating of their structural features: an ion-specific filter and conduction at rates up to 108 ions per second. Synthetic helical and cyclic polypeptides form channels, however, the specificity of ion transport is often low. Ion-specific macrocycles have been used as filters from which membrane-spanning derivatives have been prepared. Success has been limited as many compounds act as ion carriers rather than forming transmembrane channels. Surfactant compounds also allow ions to cross membranes but any specificity is serendipitous. Overall it seems possible to mimic either ion specificity or efficient transmembrane ion transport. The goal for the future will be to combine both characteristics in one artificial system.

scholarly journals Complex Processing of Adsorbent Used in the Purification of Hydrogen-Containing Gas

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-45
Author(s):  
Sukhrob Ibodullaev ◽  
Nurkhon Isaeva ◽  
Rustam Khodjiev ◽  
Elena Mirzaeva ◽  
Dilnoza Turdieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Magnesium Aluminum Spinel ◽  
Combined Solution ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Hydrocarbons ◽  
Open Access Article

The problems of processing spent adsorbents with a high concentration of chemisorbed chlorine-containing compounds for their reuse are studied in this article. The genesis of the phase composition and morphology at all technological stages of thermochemical regeneration of the spent adsorbent - Axstrap-860 by means of alkaline modification with a combined solution of sodium and potassium hydroxides has been tested by diffractometry and elemental analysis. The results show that the formation of a layer with an increased concentration of alkali metals in the form of the corresponding carbonates and NaOH on the surface of the granules and in the volume of sodium and potassium aluminates provides adsorption of HCl, which are slightly inferior to the fresh adsorbent. The conditions for the removal of halogen-containing substances from technogenic raw materials with the subsequent isolation of useful products have been optimized: (1) crystalline NaCl intended for the preparation of electrolyte for electrode boilers and steam generators; (2) a mixture of chlorides and hydroxochlorides of aluminum tested in the process of coagulation purification of turbid natural and waste waters; (3) pseudoboehmite for the production of an adsorbent-desiccant and the synthesis of magnesium-aluminum spinel using the technology of destruction-epitaxial transformation, and a promising carrier for catalysts for steam reforming of hydrocarbons. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

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