scholarly journals The metabolism of 3,5-di-tert.-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate in insects and by mouse liver enzymes

1971 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. C. Douch ◽  
J. N. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Lucilia Sericata ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Costelytra Zealandica

The oxidation of 3,5-di-tert.-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate (Butacarb) has been studied in the flies Musca domestica and Lucilia sericata, grass grubs Costelytra zealandica and the mouse. In all species eleven oxidation products, which were formed by hydroxylation of the tert.-butyl groups and the N-methyl group, were detected.

The Development and Growth of the House Fly Musca domestica vicina and the Blowfly Lucilia sericata

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. El-Kady . ◽  
A.M. Kheirallah . ◽  
A.N. Kayed . ◽  
S.I. Dekinesh . ◽  
Z.A. Ahmed .
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Lucilia Sericata

scholarly journals Oxidative-antioxidative status and hepatic and renal factors following melatonin administration in castrated and intact dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asghar Mogheiseh ◽  
Farzaneh Koohi ◽  
Saeed Nazifi ◽  
Aidin Shojaee Tabrizi ◽  
Pegah Taheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Antioxidative Status ◽  
Melatonin Administration ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Backgrounds Melatonin has significant antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects in normal and oxidative stress conditions. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of melatonin on antioxidant, hepatic, and renal factors in intact and castrated dogs. Twenty male mixed-breed adult dogs were aligned in an experimental randomized and controlled trial. The dogs were randomly divided into four equal groups: melatonin, castrated, castrated and melatonin, and control. They were treated with melatonin (0.3 mg/Kg, once daily, orally) immediately after the castration for 1 month and their blood samples were collected weekly from 2 days after treatment with melatonin. Results Treating castrated dogs with melatonin increased the level of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase compared with that of the control and castrated groups. The malondialdehyde level increased significantly following castration. Melatonin treatment decreased malondialdehyde concentration in the castrated dogs. Castration increased the level of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase significantly in comparison with that of the control group. Treating the castrated dogs with melatonin decreased significantly liver enzymes compared with those of the castrated dogs. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels increased in the castrated dogs in comparison with that of the control group. Conclusions The administration of melatonin in castrated dogs increased antioxidant activity and decreased oxidation products, compared with those of the castrated and untreated dogs, without adverse effects on liver enzymes and kidney function.

Characterization of phenoloxidases from larval cuticle of Sarcophaga bullata and a comparison with cuticular enzymes from other species

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1158-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Michael Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Lucilia Sericata ◽  
Phormia Regina ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Larval Cuticle ◽  
Sarcophaga Bullata ◽  
Tyrosinase Enzyme ◽  
Laccase Enzyme

A tyrosinase, enzyme A, and a laccase, enzyme B, have been partially purified from larval cuticle of the flesh fly Sarcophaga bullata. Enzyme A (EC 1.10.3.1, o-diphenol: O2 oxidoreductase) oxidizes o-diphenols but not p-diphenols, is strongly inhibited by phenylthiourea, and has a pH optimum around pH 6.5–7.0. Assays on intact cuticle suggest that it becomes maximally activated at pH between 8 and 9. Enzyme B (EC 1.10.3.2, p-diphenol: O2 oxidoreductase) oxidizes both o-diphenols and p-diphenols, is not inhibited by phenylthiourea but is inhibited by concentrations of sodium azide that have little effect on enzyme A, and has a pH optimum near pH 4.5. Enzyme A was identified in extracts of cuticle from nine other species representing five orders. Enzyme B was much less readily extractable but was partially purified from larval cuticle of Phormia regina, Musca domestica, and Lucilia sericata. A summary of all species studied to date makes possible the test of a hypothesis about the distribution of these cuticular phenoloxidases within the Insecta.

scholarly journals The metabolism of 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene in the rat and in man

1968 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
J W Daniel ◽  
J C Gage ◽  
D. I. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Aldehyde Group ◽  
Enzyme Mechanism ◽  
Mercapturic Acid ◽  
Rat Urine ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Main Component

1. The major metabolites of 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT) in the rat are 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (BHT-acid), both free (9% of the dose) and as a glucuronide (15%), and S-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-N-acetylcysteine. 2. The mercapturic acid does not appear to derive from the usually accepted enzyme mechanism, and may involve a non-enzymic reaction between BHT free radical and cysteine. 3. The ester glucuronide and mercapturic acid found in rat urine are also the major metabolites in rat bile and must be responsible for the enterohepatic circulation. 4. Free BHT-acid is the main component in rat faeces. 5. In man, BHT-acid, free and conjugated, is a minor component in urine, and the mercapturic acid is virtually absent. The bulk of the radioactivity is excreted as the ether-insoluble glucuronide of a metabolite in which the ring methyl group and one tert.-butyl methyl group are oxidized to carboxyl groups, and a methyl group on the other tert.-butyl group is also oxidized, probably to an aldehyde group. 6. These differences in metabolism by the rat and by man are sufficient to account for the difference in excretion by the two species.

scholarly journals Concerning in 2-methylphenol and its derivatives. A proximate coupling

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 773-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Schaefer ◽  
Timothy A. Wildman ◽  
Rudy Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
Spin Coupling ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Proximate Mechanism ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Vinyl Group ◽  
Spin Spin Coupling ◽  
Derivatives Of

In 2-chloro-6-methylphenol in CCl4 solution, [Formula: see text] the spin–spin coupling between the hydroxyl and methyl protons, is + 68(3) mHz. In this compound, the hydroxyl group lies trans to the methyl group. If the coupling becomes −120 ± 60 mHz in a cis orientation of these two groups, then the apparent vanishing of [Formula: see text] in some derivatives of 2-methylphenol is understandable, as well as its presence in other derivatives. Computations of this coupling imply its proximate mechanism and can rationalize its value of −220 ± 20 mHz in 2-tert-butyl-6-methylphenol. Analogies are noted with [Formula: see text] in 2-trifluoromethyl phenol and with a coupling in styrene, which also appears to vanish in certain orientations of the vinyl group.

5J(CH3,SH) as a negative proximate or as a positive σ−π coupling in 2-methylthiophenol derivatives

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 2217-2220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Schaefer ◽  
James Peeling ◽  
Rudy Sebastian ◽  
James D. Baleja
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Sulfhydryl Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Negative Coupling

Analyses of the 1H nmr spectra of 6-chloro-2-methylthiophenol and of 4-tert-butyl-2-methylthiophenol in CCl4 solution, together with double irradiation experiments, show that 5J(CH5,SH) in the former compound is −0.66 Hz and is +0.47 Hz in the latter. In the chloro compound, the sulfhydryl group spends relatively little time in out-of-plane conformations at 300 K. The negative coupling is a consequence of a through-space or proximate coupling mechanism. In the other compound, the sulfhydryl group samples many out-of-plane conformations but relatively few in which the S—H bond lies near the methyl group. Therefore 5J(CH3,SH) is now dominated by a σ−π electron mechanism and is positive. Probably by coincidence, 4J(H,SH) in this compound is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to 5J(CH3,SH).

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