scholarly journals The immunological characterization of several human ribonucleases by using primary binding tests

1977 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Neuwelt ◽  
M Schmukler ◽  
M S Niziak ◽  
P B Jewett ◽  
C C Levy
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Pancreas ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Antigenic Difference ◽  
Immunological Characterization ◽  
Similarities And Differences

RNAases (ribonucleases), purified from four human tissues, as well as bovine pancreatic RNAase (RNAase A), were studied by immunodiffusion methods and by two different primary binding tests. The enzymes fell into two groups immunologically, those purified from plasma and pancreas in one and those from spleen and liver in the other. No antigenic cross-reaction between the two groups was detected by any of the immunoassays used. There was a slight antigenic cross-reaction between the human and bovine pancreatic RNAases. The liver and spleen RNAases were immunologically identical by all criteria used, whereas a small but consistent antigenic difference between the human plasma and human pancreas enzymes was detected. The significance of this difference between the human plasma and pancreas RNAases is discussed in relation to similarities and differences in their properties.

scholarly journals Immunological characterization of human liver α-D-mannosidase

1975 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Phillips ◽  
D Robinson ◽  
B Winchester
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Immunological Characterization ◽  
Precipitin Line ◽  
Structural Resemblance ◽  
Optimum Ph

Antiserum was raised against purified human liver α-D-mannosidase B. It precipitated α-mannosidases A and B from solution, demonstrating the close structural resemblance of these 2 forms of acidic α-mannosidase activity. A continuous enzymically active precipitin line with no spurs was obtained when α-mannosidase A and B were placed in adjacent wells on Ouchterlony double-diffusion plates. The antiserum precipitated acidic but not neutral α-mannosidase from an extract of human liver, confirming that the acidic and neutral activities are not closely related. Acidic activity was also precipitated from extracts of human brain, kidney and leucocytes by the antiserum. However, it did not cross-react with bovine acidic α-mannosidase activity or with the activity in human plasma that has an optimum pH of 5.5. The two acidic forms of human liver α-mannosidase, A and B, are immunologically identical but distinct from neutral α-mannosidase and that activity with an optimum pH of 5.5.

Further Characterization Of SK-Potentiator Of Plasminogen

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Takada ◽  
K Mochizuki ◽  
Y Takada
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Antigenic Determinant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Plasminogen ◽  
Y Fragment

Streptokinase (SK) forms a complex with human plasminogen (plg) or plasmin, and the resulting complex (SK-activator) functions to convert plg to plasmin. We have indicated that human plasma contains a factor (SK-potentiator) which potentiates the capacity of SK to activate human plg. SK-potentiator has a molecular weight of 240,000, and composed of β and γ-chains of fibrinogen, α-chain being degraded. SK-potentiator crossreacts with anti-FDP-Y fragment. Immunodiffusion shows that SK-potentiator has an antigenic determinant in common with both FDP-Y and fibrinogen, and the other determinant not in common with fibrinogen but FDP-Y. Early FgDP potentiates SK-activator activity as much as SK-potentiator, but further degraded FgDP potentiates less than fibrinogen which still enhances SK-activator activity. The addition of thrombin to FgDP or SK-potentiator enhances SK-activator activity more than SK-potentiator. Thus removal of fibrinopeptides from FgDP or SK-potentiator results in better potentiator activity. When tranexamic acid (l mM) was added to the mixture of Glu-plg and UK, the activation of Glu-plg was enhanced, but tranexamic acid (l mM) added to SK-activator caused a decrease in SK-activator activity. The addition of fibrinogen or SK-potentiator to the mixture of tranexamic acid and SK-activator prevented the decrease of SK-activator activity to some extent, which may indicate that SK-potentiator competes with tranexamic acid for lysine binding sites (LBS) of plg and SK-potentiator forms a complex with SK-activator in spite of the presence of tranexamic acid. It is proposed that SK-potentiator binds with LBS of plg part of SK-activator and SK combines with light chain part of plg, the resulting SK-plg-potentiator complex being the better activator than SK-plg or SK-plasmin complex.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Salmonella Species Isolates from Some Hospitals in Jos, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
S. B. Uneze ◽  
P. F. Chollom ◽  
Y. A. Agabi ◽  
D. J. Mawak ◽  
O. J. Egbere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Inva Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The conventional methods of identification of Salmonella involving microbiological enrichment and successive identification mostly are tedious, time consuming and not specific. Therefore, the aim of this study was to utilize molecular techniques to characterize Salmonella species isolates from some Hospitals in Jos, Nigeria. The 10 isolates collected from some Hospitals in Jos, Nigeria were screened for Salmonella using conventional biochemical methods. The positive isolates were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for discernment of invasion A (invA) gene at explicit molecular size (284 bp) utilizing explicit primers (forward and reverse). Sequencing of the invA gene was performed and the similarities and differences between our invA gene and published sequences on GenBank were assessed. Seven out of ten confirmed Salmonella species isolates were positive to the invA gene while the remaining three were negative. The homology level of nucleotide sequence (97.746%) demonstrated high similitude between the local isolates and the other sequences on GenBank. Molecular characterization of the Salmonella isolates provides data about the virulence of the pathogen just as its relatedness to different organisms which offer data about the genome of the organisms and are helpful for epidemiological examinations. Therefore, Molecular methods which enable the detection of virulent genes are extremely important surveillance tools that are required to assist in curbing the escalation of infections caused by Salmonella.

Biological and immunological characterization of inhibin forms in human plasma.

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 669-676
Author(s):  
D Robertson ◽  
H G Burger ◽  
J Sullivan ◽  
N Cahir ◽  
N Groome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Immunological Characterization

scholarly journals Characterization of Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Pathogenic Coronaviruses Using a Multiplex Bead-Based Immunoassay

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Wegene Borena ◽  
Janine Kimpel ◽  
Melanie Gierer ◽  
Annika Rössler ◽  
Lydia Riepler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Antigenic Targets

Serological assays that simultaneously detect antibodies to multiple targets of SARS-CoV-2 and to other structurally related coronaviruses provide a holistic picture of antibody response patterns. Well-validated multiplex immunoassays are scarce. Here, we evaluated the performance of an 11-plex serological assay capable of detecting antibodies directed to four antigenic targets of SARS-CoV-2 and to S1 proteins of other human pathogenic coronaviruses. We used 620 well-characterized sera (n = 458 seropositive and n = 110 seronegative for SARS-CoV-2 in the pre-SARS-CoV-2 era and n = 52 seronegative for SARS-CoV-2 in the era of SARS-CoV-2) as positive and negative standards. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, as well as positive and negative predictive values, including a 95% confidence interval. The difference in mean fluorescence intensity (95% CI) was used to assess a potential cross-reaction between antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and the other coronaviruses. The sensitivity (95% CI) of detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to four antigenic targets ranged from 83.4% (76.7–86.7) to 93.7% (91.0–95.7) and the specificity from 98.2% (93.6–99.8) to 100% (96.7–100). We observed no obvious cross-reaction between anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and antibodies to the other coronaviruses except for SARS-CoV-1. The high sensitivity and specificity warrant a reliable utilization of the assay in population-based seroprevalence surveys or vaccine efficacy studies.

A very rapid in situ Kikuchi technique to determine relative crystal misorientation

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 830-831
Author(s):  
J. I. Bennetch
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Superplastic Forming ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kikuchi Pattern ◽  
Kikuchi Line ◽  
Line Analysis

In a recent study of the superplastic forming (SPF) behavior of certain Al-Li-X alloys, the relative misorientation between adjacent (sub)grains proved to be an important parameter. It is well established that the most accurate way to determine misorientation across boundaries is by Kikuchi line analysis. However, the SPF study required the characterization of a large number of (sub)grains in each sample to be statistically meaningful, a very time-consuming task even for comparatively rapid Kikuchi analytical techniques.In order to circumvent this problem, an alternate, even more rapid in-situ Kikuchi technique was devised, eliminating the need for the developing of negatives and any subsequent measurements on photographic plates. All that is required is a double tilt low backlash goniometer capable of tilting ± 45° in one axis and ± 30° in the other axis. The procedure is as follows. While viewing the microscope screen, one merely tilts the specimen until a standard recognizable reference Kikuchi pattern is centered, making sure, at the same time, that the focused electron beam remains on the (sub)grain in question.

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