scholarly journals Studies on sex-organ development. Oestrogenic effect on ornithine decarboxylase activity in the differentiating Müllerian ducts and other organs of the chick embryo

1978 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
C S Teng ◽  
C T Teng
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Mullerian Duct ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Müllerian Duct ◽  
Mullerian Ducts ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

The activity of ornithine decarboxylase in the differentiating left and right Müllerian ducts was assayed and compared with that in other embryonic organs, i.e. the liver and the brain throughout the stages of development. In general the enzyme activity was high in the early stages and decreased extensively in the late stages of development. Specifically, in the left and righ Müllerian ducts, the enzyme activity was high from day 8 to day 9 of incubation. In the right duct the enzyme activity started to decline on day 9 and then continuously decreased to an almost undetectable value on day 18 of incubation. In the left duct the enzyme activity also decreased slightly from day 9 to day 12; however, it increased from day 13 to day 15 and finally decreased to a constant value from day 18 until hatching. The alteration in enzyme activity in the Müllerian duct as assayed in vitro during development is not due to the effect of the size of the endogenous ornithine pool. When the enzyme activity was subjected to oestrogen stimulation, an increase of 5–10-fold for the left duct and of 5–3-fold for the right duct was observed during the course of development. No such stimulation was observed with the treatment of progesterone. Testosterone consistently caused a 25–30% inhibition of the enzyme activity in the Müllerian duct. Oestrogen slightly stimulated the enzyme activity in the developing liver but inhibited that of the brain. The concentration of the three polyamines measured in the Müllerian duct corresponds to the activity of the enzyme determined.

scholarly journals Diamine-induced inhibition of liver ornithine decarboxylase

1979 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arja Kallio ◽  
Monica Löfman ◽  
Hannu Pösö ◽  
Juhani Jänne
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Protein ◽  
Intracellular Degradation ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Normal Rat

Re!peated injections of 1,3-diaminopropane, a potent inhibitor of mammalian ornithine decarboxylase, induced protein-synthesis-dependent formation of macromolecular inhibitors or ‘antienzymes’ [Heller, Fong & Canellakis (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.73, 1858–1862] to ornithine decarboxylase in normal rat liver. Addition of the macromolecular inhibitors, produced in response to repeated injections of diaminopropane, to active ornithine decarboxylase in vitro resulted in a profound loss of the enzyme activity, which, however, could be partly recovered after passage of the enzyme–inhibitor mixture through a Sephadex G-75 columin in the presence of 0.4m-NaCl. This treatment also resulted in the appearance of free inhibitor. In contrast with the separation of the enzyme and inhibitory activity after combination in vitro, it was not possible to re-activate, by using identical conditions of molecular sieving, any inhibited ornithine decarboxylase from cytosol fractions obtained from animals injected with diaminopropane. However, the idea that injection of various diamines, also in vivo, induces acute formation of macromolecular inhibitors, which reversibly combine with the enzyme, was supported by the finding that the ornithine decarboxylase activity remaining after diaminopropane injection appeared to be more stable to increased ionic strength than the enzyme activity obtained from somatotropin-treated rats. Incubation of the inhibitory cytosol fractions with antiserum to ornithine decarboxylase did not completely abolish the inhibitory action of either the cytosolic inhibitor or the antibody. A single injection of diaminopropane produced an extremely rapid decay of liver ornithine decarboxylase activity (half-life about 12min), which was comparable with, or swifter than, that induced by cycloheximide. However, although after cycloheximide treatment the amount of immunotitrable ornithine decarboxylase decreased only slightly more slowly than the enzyme activity, diaminopropane injection did not decrease the amount of the immunoreactive protein, but, on the contrary, invariably caused a marked increase in the apparent amount of antigen, after some lag period. The diamine-induced increase in the amount of the immunoreactive enzyme protein could be totally prevented by a simultaneous injection of cycloheximide. These results are in accord with the hypothesis that various diamines may result in rapid formation of macromolecular inhibitors to ornithine decarboxylase in vivo, which, after combination with the enzyme, abolish the catalytic activity but at the same time prevent the intracellular degradation of the enzyme protein.

scholarly journals Studies on sex-organ development. Changes in chemical composition and oestradiol-binding capacity in chromatin during the differentiation of chick Müllerian ducts

1978 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Sung Teng ◽  
Christina T. Teng
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Mullerian Duct ◽  
Histone Protein ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Müllerian Duct ◽  
Mullerian Ducts ◽  
Early Embryonic Stage ◽  
The Right

Biochemical and immunochemical techniques were used to probe the changes in composition of the chromatin of differentiating Müllerian ducts. The non-histone protein increases gradually in the left duct and reaches a constant amount at day 15 of incubation, then remains at the same value until after birth. In the regressing right duct, the non-histone protein increases and then decreases. Gel electrophoresis indicated an increased heterogeneity in the composition of the non-histone protein corresponding to Müllerian-duct differentiation. Little variation in quantity and quality of the histone was observed; however, immunochemical assay confirmed the structural change of Müllerian-duct chromatin during development. An antibody against the chromatin of the newborn-chick oviduct was produced in the rabbit. The chromatin of Müllerian ducts from the early embryonic stage showed a small affinity with the antibody; the affinity increased during the late embryonic stages. The affinity was greatly decreased in the regressing right duct. Oestrogen-binding sites were present in the chromatin of the left and right Müllerian ducts during differentiation, with more sites in the left duct than in the right one during the late stages of development. After oestrogen treatment in vivo, the oestrogen-binding sites on the chromatin of both the left and the right ducts were increased, with a greater increase in the left duct than in the right. In the developing left duct the binding sites reach a maximum on day 15 of incubation, and remain constant at that value until birth.

scholarly journals Studies on sex-organ development. Effect of hormones on ornithine decarboxylase activity in the developing chick ovary

1980 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Sung Teng ◽  
Christina T. Teng
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Embryonic Stage ◽  
Early Developmental Stage ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity

The response of ornithine decarboxylase activity to hormones in the embryonic left ovary was measured throughout the stages of development. During the early stage of ovarian development (9th day of incubation), the ornithine decarboxylase activity (in terms of pmol CO2/30min per mg of protein) was high (766); it decreased from the 10th to the 12th day (575–239), increased slightly from the 13th to the 15th day (306) and finally fell to a low value (192–20) from the 18th day of development to birth. Administration of an optimal dose of oestrogen to the 9–10-day embryo stimulated the ovarian ornithine decarboxylase activity by 48–53%. If the same dose of oestrogen was administered to the 15–18-day embryo, the ovarian enzyme activity was suppressed by 32–43%. This biphasic response to oestrogen for enzyme induction is characteristic of the developing ovary and is not observed in other genital organs of the chick. In the early developmental stage (9–10th day) testosterone has no effect on ovarian ornithine decarboxylase activity, but in the late stage testosterone inhibits the activity by 41%. Organ culture techniques have been used to test the ovarian response to lutropin (luteinizing hormone). Lutropin stimulated ornithine decarboxylase activity by approx. 99–155% in the ovary of the early embryonic stage (10–13th day), and by 175–200% in the ovary of the late embryonic stage (15–18th day). The alteration in enzyme activity in the ovary as assayed in vitro during development is not due to the effect of the size of the endogenous ornithine pool. The relationship of ornithine decarboxylase activity to the morphological and biochemical changes in the developing ovary is discussed.

scholarly journals Gain-of-function β-catenin in the uterine mesenchyme leads to impaired implantation and decidualization

2017 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L Patterson ◽  
Jamieson Pirochta ◽  
Stephanie Y Tufano ◽  
Jose M Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Junctional Complex ◽  
Mullerian Duct ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
Müllerian Duct ◽  
Duct Development

Embryo implantation and endometrial decidualization are critical events that occur during early pregnancy in humans and mice, and perturbation in either can result in infertility. WNT signaling through the canonical β-catenin pathway plays a pivotal role in embryonic Müllerian duct development, postnatal uterine maturation and establishment of pregnancy. Loss of β-catenin in the Müllerian duct mesenchyme (MDM)-derived stroma and myometrium results in impaired decidualization and infertility, whereas gain-of-function (GOF) results in the formation of mesenchymal tumors and sub-fertility attributed to malformed oviducts. We hypothesized that GOF β-catenin further contributes to sub-fertility through improper stromal and epithelial cell signaling during embryo implantation and decidualization. We show that mice with GOF β-catenin in MDM-derived stroma and myometrium have reduced implantation sites after embryo transfer and decreased decidualization. On day 4.5 of pseudopregnancy or in mice treated with progesterone and estrogen to mimic early pregnancy, the estrogen–LIF–ERK and progesterone–IHH pathways remain predominantly intact in GOF β-catenin mice; however, JAK/STAT signaling is altered. pSTAT3 is significantly reduced in GOF β-catenin mice and expression of downstream epithelial junctional complex factors, Ctnna1 and Cldn1, is increased. We also show that purified stromal cells from GOF β-catenin uteri, when removed from epithelial cell influence and provided with the appropriate hormonal stimuli, are able to decidualize in vitro indicating that the cells are intrinsically capable of decidualization. Taken together, these results suggest that dysregulated β-catenin activity in the stroma affects epithelial cell STAT3 signaling and ultimately embryo implantation and stromal decidualization.

scholarly journals Role of pyridoxal phosphate in mammalian polyamine biosynthesis. Lack of requirement for mammalian S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity

1977 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E Pegg
Keyword(s):  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Pyridoxal Phosphate ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity

1. Polyamine concentrations were decreased in rats fed on a diet deficient in vitamin B-6. 2. Ornithine decarboxylase activity was decreased by vitamin B-6 deficiency when assayed in tissue extracts without addition of pyridoxal phosphate, but was greater than in control extracts when pyridoxal phosphate was present in saturating amounts. 3. In contrast, the activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase was not enhanced by pyridoxal phosphate addition even when dialysed extracts were prepared from tissues of young rats suckled by mothers fed on the vitamin B-6-deficient diet. 4. S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activities were increased by administration of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (1,1′-[(methylethanediylidine)dinitrilo]diguanidine) to similar extents in both control and vitamin B-6-deficient animals. 5. The spectrum of highly purified liver S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase did not indicate the presence of pyridoxal phosphate. After inactivation of the enzyme by reaction with NaB3H4, radioactivity was incorporated into the enzyme, but was not present as a reduced derivative of pyridoxal phosphate. 6. It is concluded that the decreased concentrations of polyamines in rats fed on a diet containing vitamin B-6 may be due to decreased activity or ornithine decarboxylase or may be caused by an unknown mechanism responding to growth retardation produced by the vitamin deficiency. In either case, measurements of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase activity under optimum conditions in vitro do not correlate with the polyamine concentrations in vivo.

Ornithine decarboxylase in rat small intestine: stimulation with food or insulin

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (5) ◽  
pp. 1557-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
DV Maudsley ◽  
J Leif ◽  
Y Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Diamine Oxidase ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Histidine Decarboxylase ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase ◽  
Diamine Oxidase Activity ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Ornithine decarboxylase in the small intestine of starved rats was stimulated 3- to 10-fold by refeeding or administration of insulin. A peak is observed 3-5 h following treatment after which the enzyme activity rapidly declines. The rise in ornithine decarboxylase is reduced by actinomycin D or cycloheximide. The increase in enzyme activity occurs mainly in the duodenum and jejunum with less than a twofold change being observed in the ileum. A small (twofold) increase in S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity in the small intestine was observed after food, but there was no change in diamine oxidase activity. Whereas pentagastrin and metiamide administration markedly stimulated histidine decarbosylase in the gastric mucosa, no consistent effect of these agents on ornithine decarboxylase in the small intestine was observed. The similarities and differences between histidine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase are discussed.

scholarly journals The role of polyamine biosynthesis in hematopoietic precursor cell proliferation in mice

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Niskanen ◽  
A Kallio ◽  
PP McCann ◽  
DG Baker
Keyword(s):  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Irreversible Inhibitor ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Diffusion Chambers

Abstract Under the influence of a selective irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), early hematopoiesis was enhanced. In the bone marrow, the absolute number of cells that give rise to spleen colonies in lethally irradiated mice (CFU-S), granulocytic colonies in diffusion chambers in mice (CFU-DG), and granulocyte-monocyte colonies in agar in vitro (CFU-C) was increased 2–4 fold. This could be abrogated by administration of putrescine, confirming the association of the stimulatory effect with polyamine biosynthesis most likely via depression of ornithine decarboxylase activity and subsequent synthesis of putrescine. Analysis of cell cycle characteristics by 3H-TdR suicide technique demonstrated that the proportion of CFU-S, CFU-DG, and CFU-C in S-phase was significantly increased. Additionally, the stimulatory effect was reflected by enhanced colony formation in diffusion chambers implanted intraperitoneally in mice receiving DFMO. This could also be eliminated by treatment of the host animal with putrescine, again suggesting that polyamine biosynthesis plays an important role at the early stages of hematopoiesis in vivo. Effect of DFMO on colony formation in vitro (CFU- C) was inhibitory and not reversible with putrescine. It could be partially eliminated by aminoguanidine, which neutralizes diamine oxidase present in fetal calf serum used in the CFU-C assay. These data suggest that the effect of DFMO in vitro was nonspecific.

TEMPORAL CHANGES IN OVARIAN ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE AND CYCLIC AMP IN IMMATURE RATS STIMULATED BY EXOGENOUS OR ENDOGENOUS GONADOTROPHINS

1977 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. JOHNSON ◽  
TATSURO SASHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Lh Releasing Hormone ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

SUMMARY Pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin given intravenously to immature rats caused a maximal (×70) increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC) at 3 h; enzyme activity declined to about ten times the control level by 9 h and a second rise began after about 20 h. Anti-PMSG given 30 min after PMSG reduced the peak response by 70%. Actinomycin D, or cycloheximide, completely prevented an increase in ODC when given with PMSG, but only cycloheximide lowered the enzyme activity when given 18 h later. Ovine FSH plus LH also produced a peak in ODC at 3 h but the activity decreased quickly and by 9 h it was at the control level. Secretion of endogenous FSH and LH, induced by hourly injections of LH releasing hormone (LH-RH) increased ODC to the same extent as did the exogenous hormones; ODC was still higher than in the controls 4 h after the last dose of LH-RH. Increased endogenous levels of FSH and LH did not consistently raise ovarian cyclic AMP content and the increases found were much less than those obtained after injection of PMSG or FSH + LH. The results indicate that increased ODC is induced and maintained by the continual presence of gonadotrophin. The dependence of increased ODC upon increased cyclic AMP cannot be unequivocally determined because of important differences in the timing of the responses and the difficulty in determining biologically significant changes in cyclic AMP.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document