Short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency associated with hyperinsulinism: a novel glucose–fatty acid cycle?

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eaton ◽  
I. Chatziandreou ◽  
S. Krywawych ◽  
S. Pen ◽  
P.T. Clayton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Dehydrogenase Deficiency ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Molecular Defects ◽  
Glucose Fatty Acid Cycle ◽  
Hydroxyacyl Coa Dehydrogenase

Hyperinsulinism of infancy is caused by inappropriate insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells, even when blood glucose is low. Several molecular defects are known to cause hyperinsulinism of infancy, such as KATP channelopathies and regulatory defects of glucokinase and glutamate dehydrogenase. Although defects of fatty acid oxidation have not previously been known to cause hyperinsulinism, patients with deficiency in SCHAD (short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase; an enzyme of mitochondrial β-oxidation) have hyperinsulinism. A novel link between fatty acid oxidation and insulin secretion may explain hyperinsulinism in these patients.

scholarly journals Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in INS1E cells: effects on cell metabolism and insulin secretion

2002 ◽  
Vol 364 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca RUBÍ ◽  
Peter A. ANTINOZZI ◽  
Laura HERRERO ◽  
Hisamitsu ISHIHARA ◽  
Guillermina ASINS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase I ◽  
Cpt I

Lipid metabolism in the β-cell is critical for the regulation of insulin secretion. Pancreatic β-cells chronically exposed to fatty acids show higher carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) protein levels, higher palmitate oxidation rates and an altered insulin response to glucose. We examined the effect of increasing CPT I levels on insulin secretion in cultured β-cells. We prepared a recombinant adenovirus containing the cDNA for the rat liver isoform of CPT I. The overexpression of CPT I in INS1E cells caused a more than a 5-fold increase in the levels of CPT I protein (detected by Western blotting), a 6-fold increase in the CPT activity, and an increase in fatty acid oxidation at 2.5mM glucose (1.7-fold) and 15mM glucose (3.1-fold). Insulin secretion was stimulated in control cells by 15mM glucose or 30mM KCl. INS1E cells overexpressing CPT I showed lower insulin secretion on stimulation with 15mM glucose (−40%; P<0.05). This decrease depended on CPT I activity, since the presence of etomoxir, a specific inhibitor of CPT I, in the preincubation medium normalized the CPT I activity, the fatty-acid oxidation rate and the insulin secretion in response to glucose. Exogenous palmitate (0.25mM) rescued glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in CPT I-overexpressing cells, indicating that the mechanism of impaired GSIS was through the depletion of a critical lipid. Depolarizing the cells with KCl or intermediary glucose concentrations (7.5mM) elicited similar insulin secretion in control cells and cells overexpressing CPT I. Glucose-induced ATP increase, glucose metabolism and the triacylglycerol content remained unchanged. These results provide further evidence that CPT I activity regulates insulin secretion in the β-cell. They also indicate that up-regulation of CPT I contributes to the loss of response to high glucose in β-cells exposed to fatty acids.

scholarly journals FoxO1 Deacetylation Decreases Fatty Acid Oxidation in β-Cells and Sustains Insulin Secretion in Diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 291 (19) ◽  
pp. 10162-10172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ja Young Kim-Muller ◽  
Young Jung R. Kim ◽  
Jason Fan ◽  
Shangang Zhao ◽  
Alexander S. Banks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Β Cells

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Short-Chain L-3-Hydroxyacl-Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase Deficiency: A New Defect of Fatty Acid Oxidation

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Bennett ◽  
Michael J Weinberger ◽  
Joyce A Kobori ◽  
Piero Rinaldo ◽  
Alberto B Burlina
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Dehydrogenase Deficiency ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acid Oxidation

Lipid rather than glucose metabolism is implicated in altered insulin secretion caused by oleate in INS-1 cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (3) ◽  
pp. E521-E528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Segall ◽  
Nathalie Lameloise ◽  
Françoise Assimacopoulos-Jeannet ◽  
Enrique Roche ◽  
Pamela Corkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Malonyl Coa ◽  
Basal Insulin Secretion ◽  
Low Glucose ◽  
Glucose Fatty Acid Cycle

A comprehensive metabolic study was carried out to understand how chronic exposure of pancreatic β-cells to fatty acids causes high basal secretion and impairs glucose-induced insulin release. INS-1 β-cells were exposed to 0.4 mM oleate for 3 days and subsequently incubated at 5 or 25 mM glucose, after which various parameters were measured. Chronic oleate promoted triglyceride deposition, increased fatty acid oxidation and esterification, and reduced malonyl-CoA at low glucose in association with elevated basal O2 consumption and redox state. Oleate caused a modest (25%) reduction in glucose oxidation but did not affect glucose usage, the glucose 6-phosphate and citrate contents, and the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase of INS-1 cells. Thus changes in glucose metabolism and a Randle-glucose/fatty acid cycle do not explain the altered secretory properties of β-cells exposed to fatty acids. The main response of INS-1 cells to chronic oleate, which is to increase the oxidation and esterification of fatty acids, may contribute to cause high basal insulin secretion via increased production of reducing equivalents and/or the generation of complex lipid messenger molecule(s).

Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: A severe fatty acid oxidation disorder

1994 ◽  
Vol 153 (10) ◽  
pp. 745-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Sewell ◽  
S. W. Bender ◽  
S. Wirth ◽  
H. Münterfering ◽  
L. Ijlist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Dehydrogenase Deficiency ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorder ◽  
Hydroxyacyl Coa Dehydrogenase ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Pancreatic Islet Adaptation to Fasting Is Dependent on Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Transcriptional Up-Regulation of Fatty Acid Oxidation

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Gremlich ◽  
Christopher Nolan ◽  
Raphaël Roduit ◽  
Rémy Burcelin ◽  
Marie-Line Peyot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

The cellular response to fasting and starvation in tissues such as heart, skeletal muscle, and liver requires peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα)-dependent up-regulation of energy metabolism toward fatty acid oxidation (FAO). PPARα null (PPARαKO) mice develop hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in the fasting state, and we previously showed that PPARα expression is increased in islets at low glucose. On this basis, we hypothesized that enhanced PPARα expression and FAO, via depletion of lipid-signaling molecule(s) for insulin exocytosis, are also involved in the normal adaptive response of the islet to fasting. Fasted PPARαKO mice compared with wild-type mice had supranormal ip glucose tolerance due to increased plasma insulin levels. Isolated islets from the PPARα null mice had a 44% reduction in FAO, normal glucose use and oxidation, and enhanced glucose-induced insulin secretion. In normal rats, fasting for 24 h increased islet PPARα, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, and uncoupling protein-2 mRNA expression by 60%, 62%, and 82%, respectively. The data are consistent with the view that PPARα, via transcriptionally up-regulating islet FAO, can reduce insulin secretion, and that this mechanism is involved in the normal physiological response of the pancreatic islet to fasting such that hypoglycemia is avoided.

Medium- and Short-Chain L-3-Hydroxyl-Acetyl-Coenzyme A Deficiency: A New Identified Mutation in Four Cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S9-S9
Author(s):  
Sheng Feng ◽  
Deborah Cooper ◽  
Lu Tan ◽  
Gail Meyers ◽  
Michael Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Acyl ◽  
Unusual Phenotype

Abstract Medium- and short-chain L-3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (M/SCHAD, SCHAD) deficiency is a mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorder (FAOD). This enzyme catalyzes the penultimate step in fatty acid oxidation, the NAD+ dependent conversion of L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA to 3-ketoacyl-CoA for medium- and short-chain acyl-CoA intermediates (C4-C12). The clinical presentations of most patients are recurrent hypoglycemia associated with hyperinsulinism. We presented four infants with C4 acyl-carnitine elevation identified by newborn screening that also showed an unusual phenotype of congenital hypotonia and gross developmental delay. Enzymatic studies confirmed the disease. Sequencing analysis of all the HADH coding exons on the four patients revealed a homozygous variant of a novel change (c.908G>T, p.Gly303Val). Western blot analysis subsequently confirmed the lack of the SCHAD protein. In addition, there is another previously reported benign variant (c.257T>C) identified in three infants. Therefore, we postulate that the HADH variant (c.908G>T) is indeed pathogenic and associated with a severe phenotype as evidenced by the cases described herein. Population screening for the c.908G>T mutation suggests this mutation to be common among Puerto Ricans. We recommend that SCHAD deficiency is included as part of the differential diagnosis of all infants with congenital hypotonia.

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