Pat1 proteins: a life in translation, translation repression and mRNA decay

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1602-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Marnef ◽  
Nancy Standart
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Mrna Decay ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Translational Repression ◽  
Processing Bodies ◽  
P Bodies ◽  
Expression Control ◽  
Gene Expression Control ◽  
Sequential Binding

Pat1 proteins are conserved across eukaryotes. Vertebrates have evolved two Pat1 proteins paralogues, whereas invertebrates and yeast only possess one such protein. Despite their lack of known domains or motifs, Pat1 proteins are involved in several key post-transcriptional mechanisms of gene expression control. In yeast, Pat1p interacts with translating mRNPs (messenger ribonucleoproteins), and is responsible for translational repression and decapping activation, ultimately leading to mRNP degradation. Drosophila HPat and human Pat1b (PatL1) proteins also have conserved roles in the 5′→3′ mRNA decay pathway. Consistent with their functions in silencing gene expression, Pat1 proteins localize to P-bodies (processing bodies) in yeast, Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans and human cells. Altogether, Pat1 proteins may act as scaffold proteins allowing the sequential binding of repression and decay factors on mRNPs, eventually leading to their degradation. In the present mini-review, we present the current knowledge on Pat1 proteins in the context of their multiple functions in post-transcriptional control.

Yeast mRNA localization: protein asymmetry, organelle localization and response to stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1256-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariavittoria Pizzinga ◽  
Mark P. Ashe
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Mrna Localization ◽  
Translational Repression ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Processing Bodies ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
P Bodies ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Kinetics Of

The localization of mRNA forms a key facet of the post-transcriptional control of gene expression and recent evidence suggests that it may be considerably more widespread than previously anticipated. For example, defined mRNA-containing granules can be associated with translational repression or activation. Furthermore, mRNA P-bodies (processing bodies) harbour much of the mRNA decay machinery and stress granules are thought to play a role in mRNA storage. In the present review, we explore the process of mRNA localization in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, examining connections between organellar mRNA localization and the response to stress. We also review recent data suggesting that even where there is a global relocalization of mRNA, the specificity and kinetics of this process can be regulated.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Control of Apical-Basal Polarity Regulators

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12340
Author(s):  
Katja Rust ◽  
Andreas Wodarz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Expression Control ◽  
Gene Expression Control

Cell polarity is essential for many functions of cells and tissues including the initial establishment and subsequent maintenance of epithelial tissues, asymmetric cell division, and morphogenetic movements. Cell polarity along the apical-basal axis is controlled by three protein complexes that interact with and co-regulate each other: The Par-, Crumbs-, and Scrib-complexes. The localization and activity of the components of these complexes is predominantly controlled by protein-protein interactions and protein phosphorylation status. Increasing evidence accumulates that, besides the regulation at the protein level, the precise expression control of polarity determinants contributes substantially to cell polarity regulation. Here we review how gene expression regulation influences processes that depend on the induction, maintenance, or abolishment of cell polarity with a special focus on epithelial to mesenchymal transition and asymmetric stem cell division. We conclude that gene expression control is an important and often neglected mechanism in the control of cell polarity.

scholarly journals High-performance chemical- and light-inducible recombinases in mammalian cells and mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin H. Weinberg ◽  
Jang Hwan Cho ◽  
Yash Agarwal ◽  
N. T. Hang Pham ◽  
Leidy D. Caraballo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Genetic Circuits ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Control ◽  
Gene Expression Control ◽  
High Performance Systems ◽  
Spatiotemporal Control

Abstract Site-specific DNA recombinases are important genome engineering tools. Chemical- and light-inducible recombinases, in particular, enable spatiotemporal control of gene expression. However, inducible recombinases are scarce due to the challenge of engineering high performance systems, thus constraining the sophistication of genetic circuits and animal models that can be created. Here we present a library of >20 orthogonal inducible split recombinases that can be activated by small molecules, light and temperature in mammalian cells and mice. Furthermore, we engineer inducible split Cre systems with better performance than existing systems. Using our orthogonal inducible recombinases, we create a genetic switchboard that can independently regulate the expression of 3 different cytokines in the same cell, a tripartite inducible Flp, and a 4-input AND gate. We quantitatively characterize the inducible recombinases for benchmarking their performances, including computation of distinguishability of outputs. This library expands capabilities for multiplexed mammalian gene expression control.

scholarly journals Mammalian GW220/TNGW1 is essential for the formation of GW/P bodies containing miRISC

2012 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Castilla-Llorente ◽  
Lee Spraggon ◽  
Miwako Okamura ◽  
Saif Naseeruddin ◽  
Matthew Adamow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Translational Repression ◽  
P Bodies ◽  
Target Mrna ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Mirna Pathway

The microRNA (miRNA)-induced silencing complex (miRISC) controls gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism involving translational repression and/or promoting messenger RNA (mRNA) deadenylation and degradation. The GW182/TNRC6 (GW) family proteins are core components of the miRISC and are essential for miRNA function. We show that mammalian GW proteins have distinctive functions in the miRNA pathway, with GW220/TNGW1 being essential for the formation of GW/P bodies containing the miRISC. miRISC aggregation and formation of GW/P bodies sequestered and stabilized translationally repressed target mRNA. Depletion of GW220 led to the loss of GW/P bodies and destabilization of miRNA-targeted mRNA. These findings support a model in which the cellular localization of the miRISC regulates the fate of the target mRNA.

scholarly journals Global quantification of mammalian gene expression control

Nature ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 473 (7347) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Schwanhäusser ◽  
Dorothea Busse ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Gunnar Dittmar ◽  
Johannes Schuchhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mammalian Gene ◽  
Expression Control ◽  
Gene Expression Control ◽  
Mammalian Gene Expression

The ins and outs of gene expression control

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 824-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine B Perler
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Control ◽  
Gene Expression Control
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