Albumin Metabolism in Chronic Renal Failure

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Coles ◽  
D. K. Peters ◽  
J. Henry Jones
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Albumin Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Maintenance Haemodialysis ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
Plasma Albumin Concentration

1. Plasma albumin concentration was measured in fifty-eight patients with chronic renal failure. The mean value was 3·27 g/100 ml (SD 0·44 g/100 ml; range 2·4–4·3 g/100 ml) which is significantly lower (P < 0·001) than normal (mean 3·94 g/100 ml; SD 0·23 g/100 ml; range 3·5–4·4 g/100 ml). In thirty-eight of the fifty-eight patients (65%), plasma albumin concentration was below the normal range. Treatment by maintenance haemodialysis or renal transplantation usually corrected the hypoalbuminaemia. 2. Radioactive iodine-labelled albumin turnover was investigated in twelve patients. Although plasma albumin concentration was reduced in eight of the twelve patients, the plasma half-life (T½) of the labelled albumin was normal or increased in all but one of these patients. Fractional and absolute albumin degradation rates (which include urinary albumin loss) were reduced in six of the twelve patients. In two of the four patients with normal plasma albumin concentrations the fractional albumin degradation rate was reduced. 3. Albumin synthesis was estimated by measuring the rate of incorporation into plasma proteins of 14C in two patients on a 20 g protein diet. The values were low in both. 4. Albumin catabolism and albumin synthesis were normal in two patients who had been on regular haemodialysis for 5 and 8 weeks respectively. 5. We conclude that these abnormalities in albumin metabolism were probably due to severe protein depletion, induced either by prolonged anorexia and vomiting or by deliberate restriction of protein in the diet in the course of treatment.

scholarly journals Synthesis rate of plasma albumin is a good indicator of liver albumin synthesis in sepsis

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (2) ◽  
pp. E244-E251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Ruot ◽  
Denis Breuillé ◽  
Fabienne Rambourdin ◽  
Gerard Bayle ◽  
Pierre Capitan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Albumin Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Fractional Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Albumin Concentration

Plasma albumin is well known to decrease in response to inflammation. The rate of albumin synthesis from both liver and plasma was measured in vivo by use of a large dose ofl-[2H3-14C]valine in rats injected intravenously with live Escherichia coli and in pair-fed control rats during the acute-phase period (2 days postinfection). The plasma albumin concentration was reduced by 50% in infected rats compared with pair-fed animals. Infection induced a fall in both liver albumin mRNA levels and albumin synthesis relative to total liver protein synthesis. However, absolute liver albumin synthesis rate (ASR) was not affected by infection. In plasma, albumin fractional synthesis rate was increased by 50% in infected animals compared with pair-fed animals. The albumin ASR estimated in the plasma was similar in the two groups. These results suggest that hypoalbuminemia is not due to reduced albumin synthesis during sepsis. Moreover, liver and plasma albumin ASR were similar. Therefore, albumin synthesis measured in the plasma is a good indicator of liver albumin synthesis.

Late Hypoalbuminaemia and Albumin Metabolism in Paraplegic and Tetraplegic Patients

1972 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ranløv ◽  
N. Rossing ◽  
M. Schwartz ◽  
B. Eskesen ◽  
G. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Fractional Catabolic Rate ◽  
Albumin Synthesis ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Catabolic Rate ◽  
Plasma Albumin Concentration

1. Plasma albumin concentration was decreased in thirty-five of eighty-six mobilized para- or tetra-plegic patients studied months or years after injury to the spinal cord causing a medullary cross-sectional syndrome. The colloid osmotic pressure was low in thirty-one of eighty-one patients in whom it was measured. Plasma volume was normal in thirty and slightly elevated in three of thirty-three patients in whom it was determined. None had oedema at the time of the investigation. 2. Albumin metabolism was studied in ten patients by means of 131I-labelled albumin. Six of these had a decreased plasma albumin concentration. This was probably caused by an increased fractional catabolic rate, although a statistically significant causal relationship could not be demonstrated. 3. in spite of the low plasma albumin concentration normal compensatory mechanisms such as an increase in rate of albumin synthesis and shift of albumin from the extravascular to the intravascular compartment were not found. On the contrary, for unexplained reasons, the average rate of synthesis and the ratio intravascular/total albumin mass were both decreased.

Mechanism of hypoalbuminemia in the 7/8-nephrectomized rat with chronic renal failure

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (4) ◽  
pp. F372-F378 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Kaysen ◽  
J. B. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Serum Albumin Concentration ◽  
Albumin Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion ◽  
Albumin Clearance

Hypoalbuminemia has been observed consistently in patients and experimental animals with chronic renal failure (CRF). A defect in albumin synthesis, catabolism, or distribution has been invoked as the cause, but there is no agreement as to which, if any, of these disorders results from the uremic state. We studied albumin homeostasis in 7/8-nephrectomized rats with CRF. Serum albumin concentration was lower in CRF (29.6 +/- 4.59 mg/ml) than in sham-operated control rats (36.3 +/- 4.3 mg/ml). Albumin synthesis, determined directly by measuring incorporation of 14CO2 into arginine in albumin, was increased in CRF rats as was total albumin clearance, measured using 125I-albumin disappearance. Rats with CRF were albuminuric. Albumin synthesis was increased by the amount necessary to replace urinary losses, but net albumin catabolism was the same as in control animals. Albuminuria was prevented by addition of excess tryptophan to the diet. Total albumin clearance and albumin synthesis were the same in these tryptophan-fed CRF animals as in CRF sham-operated animals, but these CRF rats were still hypoalbuminemic (33.6 +/- 5.27 vs. 36.3 +/- 4.3 mg/ml). Rats with CRF were plasma volume expanded. Institution of a low-sodium diet at the time of partial nephrectomy prevented plasma volume expansion and albuminuria as well. Serum albumin concentration, albumin distribution, pool sizes, and total albumin clearance remained the same as in CRF sham-operated animals. Hypoalbuminemia in CRF rats is due to two factors. Plasma volume expansion with pool dilution contributes 40% of the decrease and external albumin losses resulting from albuminuria contribute the other 60%. Albumin synthesis, catabolism, and distribution are intact.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND ANATOMOSIS OF ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULAR IN PATIENTS WITH REGULARLY HEMODIALYSIS

2017 ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Van Hien Pham ◽  
Huu Vu Quang Nguyen ◽  
Tam Vo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Mean

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in patients with chronic renal failure. When a patient undergoes dialysis, making AVF or AVG causes cardiovascular events. Understanding the relationship between complications: hypertension, heart failure, AVF or AVG (formation time, position, diameter) helps us monitor, detect, prevent and treatment of complications to limit the risk of death in patients with dialysis. Objective: Relationship between cardiovascular diseases and anatomosis of arteriovenous fistular in patients with regularly hemodialysis at Cho Ray Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Cho Ray Hospital from 2015 to 2016. The survey some cardiovascular diseases are done by clinical examination, tests for diagnostic imaging such as X-ray, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram: heart and diameter of anastomosis AVF, AVG. Results: The study population included 303 patients with chronic renal failure who were dialysis. Of which, patients aged 25-45 accounted for the highest proportion (43.9%). The proportion of male and female patients was similar (48.5% and 51.5% respectively). The mean value of systolic blood pressure on patients made AVF, AVG less than 12 months is higher than patients made AVF, AVG over 12 months, and there is negative correlation (r = -0.43) between AVF, AVG and systolic blood pressure (p <0.05). The mean value of diastolic blood pressure on patients made AVF, AVG less than 12 months is lower than patients made AVF, AVG over 12 months, and and there is positive correlation (r = -0.43) between AVF, AVG and diastolic blood pressure (p <0.05) (p <0.05). The prevalence of patients with heart failure made AVF, AVG over 12 months is higher than that of the under 12 months group, there is a negative correlation (r = - 0.43) between AVF, AVG diameter and EF index (p <0.05). Conclusion: It is important to note the diameter of anastomosis AVF, AVG in patients with chronic renal failure dialysis to limit cardiovascular complications, especially heart failure. Key words: Chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis.

Neuropeptide Y as a plasma marker for phaeochromocytoma, ganglioneuroblastoma and neuroblastoma

1992 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toraichi Mouri ◽  
Masahiko Sone ◽  
Kazuhiro Takahashi ◽  
Keiichi Itoi ◽  
Kazuhito Totsune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Maintenance Haemodialysis ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Plasma Marker

1. We investigated the usefulness of neuropeptide Y as a plasma marker for phaeochromocytoma, ganglioneuroblastoma and neuroblastoma using a simple and highly sensitive r.i.a. for human neuropeptide Y. 2. Plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y concentrations were measured without extraction in plasma samples (100 μl) from patients with various diseases. 3. The plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y concentration in patients with phaeochromocytoma (172.3 ± 132.4 pmol/l, mean ± sd, n = 23) was significantly higher than that in healthy adult subjects (40.1 ± 10.1 pmol/l, n = 40, P<0.0001). The plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y concentrations in patients with ganglioneuroblastoma (590.7 ± 563.6 pmol/l, n = 6) and patients with neuroblastoma (566.9 ± 524.4 pmol/l, n = 15) were significantly higher than those in control children (1–9 years old, 82.2 ± 39.9 pmol/l, n = 72, P<0.0001). 4. The plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y concentration in patients with essential hypertension (34.0 ± 3.7 pmol/l, n = 18) was within the normal range, but in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing maintenance haemodialysis (192.1 ± 68.0 pmol/l, n = 25) and in non-dialysed patients with chronic renal failure (85.1 ± 23.1 pmol/l, n = 7) it was significantly higher than that in healthy adult subjects (P<0.0001). 5. Eighty-seven per cent of the patients with phaeochromocytoma, 67% of the patients with ganglioneuroblastoma and 80% of the patients with neuroblastoma showed plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y concentrations higher than the upper limits in the control subjects [62 pmol/l (adult) and 160 pmol/l (children)]. 6. These results suggest that neuropeptide Y is a useful plasma marker for these tumours in addition to other factors unless the patients have renal failure.

Plasma protein synthesis in patients with low-grade nephrotic proteinuria

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (4) ◽  
pp. E591-E597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Zanetti ◽  
Rocco Barazzoni ◽  
Giacomo Garibotto ◽  
Gloria Davanzo ◽  
Carlo Gabelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Nephrotic Proteinuria ◽  
Plasma Albumin Concentration ◽  
Normal Albumin ◽  
Secretion Rates

Overt nephrotic syndrome is characterized by albumin and fibrinogen hyperproduction and reduced very low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B-100 (VLDL apoB-100) clearance. Whether similar changes also occur in low-grade proteinuria is not known. Thus we measured albumin, fibrinogen, and VLDL apoB-100 kinetics in six patients with modest proteinuria and normal creatinine clearance (P) and in ten control subjects (C) by leucine tracer infusion and precursor-product relationships. In P, plasma albumin concentration was decreased ( P < 0.003), whereas concentrations of fibrinogen and VLDL apoB-100 were increased ( P < 0.001). In P, albumin fractional secretion rate (FSR) was increased ( P < 0.01), fibrinogen FSR was normal, and VLDL apoB-100 FSR was decreased ( P < 0.03). As a result, in P, absolute secretion rates (ASR) of albumin and fibrinogen were increased ( P < 0.03), whereas VLDL apoB-100 ASR was normal. Albumin FSR was inversely correlated to oncotic pressure in P but not in C. These findings suggest that low-grade nephrotic proteinuria is characterized by simultaneous multiple alterations in turnover rates of albumin, fibrinogen, and VLDL apoB-100. Their pathogenesis, however, appears to be multifactorial.

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