Haemodynamics in Patients with Phaeochromocytoma

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Levenson ◽  
M. E. Safar ◽  
G. M. London ◽  
A. CH. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Male Subjects

1. Cardiac haemodynamics were studied in 14 male patients with phaeochromocytoma, in comparison with 33 normal male subjects and 65 males with essential hypertension. 2. At the time of the investigation, seven patients with phaeochromocytoma were hypertensive and seven were normotensive. Cardiac output was within normal limits. Total peripheral resistance was elevated in the hypertensive patients. Heart rate was elevated both in the normotensive and in the hypertensive patients, but decreased after surgical treatment. 3. The relationships between blood volume and blood pressure and between blood volume and cardiac output were the same as those observed in the control groups. 4. During tilt, a predominant systolic orthostatic hypotension was observed and was associated with decreased stroke volume and impaired adaptation of total peripheral resistance during tilt, indicating inadequate arteriolar and venous reflexes. 5. The study suggested that, except for tachycardia, the haemodynamic pattern of patients with phaeochromocytoma and with essential hypertension was nearly the same.

Long-term hemodynamic actions of atrial natriuretic factor (99-126) in conscious sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (4) ◽  
pp. H811-H815 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Parkes ◽  
J. P. Coghlan ◽  
J. G. McDougall ◽  
B. A. Scoggins
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The hemodynamic and metabolic effects of long-term (5 day) infusion of human atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) were examined in conscious chronically instrumented sheep. Infusion of ANF at 20 micrograms/h, a rate below the threshold for an acute natriuretic effect, decreased blood pressure by 9 +/- 1 mmHg on day 5, associated with a fall in calculated total peripheral resistance. On day 1, ANF reduced cardiac output, stroke volume, and blood volume, effects that were associated with an increase in heart rate and calculated total peripheral resistance and a small decrease in blood pressure. On days 4 and 5 there was a small increase in urine volume and sodium excretion. On day 5 an increase in water intake and body weight was observed. No change was seen in plasma concentrations of renin, arginine vasopressin, glucose, adrenocorticotropic hormone, or protein. This study suggests that the short-term hypotensive effect of ANF results from a reduction in cardiac output associated with a fall in both stroke volume and effective blood volume. However, after 5 days of infusion, ANF lowers blood pressure via a reduction in total peripheral resistance.

Plasma Renin Levels and Systemic Haemodynamics in Essential Hypertension

1977 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fagard ◽  
A. Amery ◽  
T. Reybrouck ◽  
P. Lijnen ◽  
L. Billiet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Plasma Renin Concentration ◽  
Low Renin Hypertension

1. Plasma renin concentration, intra-arterial pressure, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance have been studied in 50 patients with essential hypertension and normal renal function. 2. Total peripheral resistance and plasma renin were negatively correlated (r = −0·45), indicating that ‘high-renin’ essential hypertension is not necessarily associated with arteriolar vasoconstriction. 3. The inverse relation between mean arterial pressure and plasma renin (r = −0·46) suggests a role for the renal baroreceptor mechanism in the suppression of renin in ‘low-renin’ hypertension. 4. Cardiac output was positively related to plasma renin concentration (r = +0·42). 5. Multiple regression analysis indicates that the described relationships were independent of age.

Clinical and Haemodynamic Study of Atenolol (Tenormin) in Essential Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 525s-526s
Author(s):  
H. Æ. Jensen ◽  
K. Rasmussen ◽  
N. Mosbæk
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Pronounced Decrease ◽  
Daily Range ◽  
Haemodynamic Study

1. The β1-adrenoreceptor-blocking agent atenolol was studied in the treatment of twelve out-patients with essential hypertension. 2. With a mean dose of 110 mg of atenolol daily (range 75–200 mg/day) we observed a pronounced decrease in blood pressure. 3. Only minimal side effects were seen. 4. Cardiac output decreased from 4·6 to 3·4 l/min during treatment. This decrease did not correlate with the decrease in blood pressure but correlated well with the changes in calculated total peripheral resistance.

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Components of Reflex Cardiostimulation during Vasodilator Treatment of Hypertension

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 329s-332s ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Man in 't Veld ◽  
G. J. Wenting ◽  
R. P. Verhoeven ◽  
M. A. D. H. Schalekamp
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vasodilator Treatment

1. Haemodynamic responses to diazoxide (300 mg intravenously) were studied in 15 hypertensive patients before and after chronic β-adrenoreceptor blockade by 320 mg of propranolol daily. After diazoxide alone, mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance were lowered by 24 ± 3 and 35 ± 5% (mean ± sem) respectively. Cardiac output and heart rate rose by 25 ± 9 and 21 ± 3%. During β-adrenoreceptor blockade, the percentage changes of mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance after vasodilatation were not significantly different from those after diazoxide alone. 2. Atropine, 0·04 mg/kg body weight, was given to 12 hypertensive patients chronically treated with β-adrenoreceptor blockade, before acute vasodilatation by diazoxide. Diazoxide caused no increase in heart rate after combined β-adrenoreceptor and parasympathetic blockade. However, cardiac output rose by 14 ± 5%. 3. We conclude that withdrawal of parasympathetic tone is an important determinant of circulatory homeostasis after acute vasodilatation during β-adrenoreceptor blockade.

Hemodynamics of the lesser mouse deer, Tragulus javanicus

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Weathers ◽  
G. K. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Normal Limits

Mouse deer possess the smallest known erythrocytes. In contrast to the usual biconcave shape, mouse deer corpuscles are spherical which results in an appreciable increase in vitro blood viscosity. In the absence of compensation, increased viscosity should produce hemodynamic consequences. However, we find that cardiac output, arterial pressure, and total peripheral resistance are all within normal limits, while packed cell volume is considerably lower than normal. We suggest that reduced packed cell volume represents a compensation for the spherical shape of the corpuscles, serving to maintain blood viscosity and dependent hemodynamic parameters within normal limits. These results contrast markedly with the pattern observed in man where conditions which result in a high in vitro blood viscosity also have significant hemodynamic consequences. Mean values for three mouse deer were: body mass, 1.18 kg; packed cell volume, 29.8%; heart rate, 182 beats/min; cardiac output, 145 ml-(kg-min)-1., mean arterial pressure, 99 Torr; total peripheral resistance, 4.90 X 10(5) dyn-s-cm-5.

Hemodynamic Effects of "San-Huang-Hsieh-Hsin-Tang" in Patients with Essential Hypertension

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho-Chan Chen ◽  
Ming-Tsuen Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Contractile Force ◽  
Hemodynamic Effects ◽  
Cardiac Contractile ◽  
The Ancient Chinese

The ancient Chinese formula of "San-Huang-Hsieh-Hsin-Tang" (S-T) was originally used for patients with "epigastric fullness, flushing, restlessness, constipation and a hard pulse" (Chang 115 B.C.). All these symptoms are frequently observed in patients with essential hypertension. We assessed the antihypertensive and hemodynamic effects of this formula, and found that S-T decreased blood pressure, total peripheral resistance, heart rate and cardiac contractile force. S-T had no apparent effects on cardiac output and blood volume.

Haemodynamics during Long-Term Thiazide Treatment in Essential Hypertension: Differences between Responders and Non-Responders

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 359s-362s ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Van Brummelen ◽  
A. Man In 't Veld ◽  
M. A. D. H. Schalekamp
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Haemodynamic Effect ◽  
Pronounced Increase

1. Blood pressure, systemic haemodynamics, plasma volume, renin and aldosterone were measured during placebo treatment and after 1, 4 and 12 weeks of hydrochlorothiazide in 13 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. Nine of these patients were also studied after 24 and 36 weeks of treatment. 2. Mean arterial pressure was lowered significantly during hydrochlorothiazide treatment. In seven patients the fall in mean arterial pressure was greater than 10% (responders); four of these were studied for 36 weeks. The remainder were considered non-responders. 3. Hydrochlorothiazide lowered cardiac output. The maximal decrease was observed after 12 weeks of treatment (P < 0·01). In responders this was followed by a return to pretreatment values and a significant decrease in total peripheral resistance, whereas in non-responders cardiac output remained reduced and total peripheral resistance was permanently elevated. 4. Changes in plasma volume, renin and aldosterone were not significantly different in responders and non-responders although non-responders tended to show a greater degree of plasma volume depletion and a more pronounced increase in plasma aldosterone. 5. Thus it is unlikely that the initial decrease in cardiac output is an important determinant of the long-term haemodynamic effect of thiazide diuretics.

Cardiopulmonary Blood Volume in Borderline Hypertension

1974 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Safar ◽  
Y. A. Weiss ◽  
G. M. London ◽  
R. F. Frackowiak ◽  
P. L. Milliez
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Stroke Index ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Borderline Hypertension ◽  
Index Stroke

1. A haemodynamic study which included estimation of cardiopulmonary blood volume (CPBV), total blood volume (TBV) and vascular reactivity to noradrenaline was performed in seventeen borderline and sixteen permanent hypertensive patients. 2. Borderline hypertensive patients had higher values of cardiac index, stroke index and heart rate when compared with the permanent hypertensive patients, and lower values of blood pressure and total peripheral resistance. 3. The CPBV/TBV ratio was significantly higher in borderline hypertensive patients. In that group, this ratio was directly correlated with cardiac index, stroke index and the pressor dose of noradrenaline (P < 0.01). 4. In permanent hypertensive patients, none of these correlations was observed. Only the total blood volume was correlated directly with cardiac index and inversely with total peripheral resistance. 5. The study suggests that a redistribution of intravascular volume from peripheral veins to the cardiopulmonary capacitance bed occurs in borderline hypertension when compared with permanent hypertension and that hypertension is related to a neural mechanism in the borderline state and to a volume mechanism in the permanent state.

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