Comparative Effect of Diuretics on Renal Water Excretion in Hyponatraemic Oedematous Disorders

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Szatalowicz ◽  
P. D. Miller ◽  
J. W. Lacher ◽  
J. A. Gordon ◽  
R. W. Schrier
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Comparative Effect ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Urinary Osmolality ◽  
Renal Water Excretion

1. The effects of intravenous chlorthiazide and frusemide on urinary osmolality were compared in 19 hyponatraemic oedamatous patients. 2. Frusemide (1 mg/kg) caused production of a dilute urine (urine/plasma osmolality ratio, Uosm./Posm., 1.64–0.84, P < 0.01) whereas chlorthiazide (10 mg/kg) did not (Uosm./Posm. 1.54–1.34, not significant). 3. The osmolar clearance (Cosm.) was higher after frusemide than after chlorthiazide (11.45 vs 4.99 ml/min, P < 0.01). When the doses of frusemide (0.25–0.5 mg/kg) and chlorthiazide (20 mg/kg) were chosen to give a similar Cosm. (7.25 vs 7.48 ml/min, not significant), the Uosm./Posm. was still lower after frusemide (2.20–1.00, P < 0.001) than after chlorthiazide (1.75–1.26, P < 0.01). 4. Exogenous vasopressin did not increase the low Uosm./Posm. after frusemide (1.00–1.00, not significant) but increased the ratio after chlorthiazide (1.34–1.68, P < 0.001). 5. These results indicate that frusemide, but not chlorthiazide, leads to the excretion of a dilute urine in hyponatraemic oedematous patients. This dilution is not due to a greater solution excretion but is associated with a resistance to the action of vasopressin.

Mechanism of cold diuresis in the rat

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. F210-F216 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Morgan ◽  
R. J. Anderson ◽  
M. A. Ellis ◽  
T. Berl
Keyword(s):  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Urinary Osmolality ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Renal Water Excretion

The effect of cold exposure (CE) on renal water excretion has not been clearly delineated. Conscious rats were exposed to decreased ambient temperature (15 degrees C). Forty-five minutes of CE resulted in reversible increases in urine flow and decreases in urine osmolality. The diuresis was not due to a diminished response to vasopressin (VP), as the antidiuresis associated with 500 microU of Pitressin given to water-diuresing rats was comparable at 15 and 30 degrees C. To determine whether the diuresis was due to intrarenal factors, glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, sodium excretion, and osmolar clearances were measured and found to be equivalent during control and cold conditions. To determine whether the observed diuresis was due to suppression of endogenous VP, VP-free Brattleboro rats undergoing a constant VP infusion were cold exposed. In these rats, CE was not associated with a change in either urine flow or urinary osmolality. This antidiuretic hormone-mediated mechanism was corroborated by a decrease in immunoassayable VP levels. To determine the mechanism whereby CE suppresses endogenous VP, plasma osmolality and hemodynamic parameters were measured. Although CE was not associated with a change in plasma osmolality, it did result in a significant increase in both mean arterial pressure and cardiac index. Pretreatment of rats with 6-hydroxydopamine prevented both the increase in mean arterial pressure and cold diuresis. We conclude that the diuresis observed upon exposure to 15 degrees C results from nonosmotic suppression of endogenous VP, as a consequence of the increase in mean arterial pressure.

Effect of angiotensin II on renal water excretion

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Cadnapaphornchai ◽  
J Boykin ◽  
JA Harbottle ◽  
KM McDonald ◽  
RW Schrier
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Free Water Clearance ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Vasopressin Release ◽  
Urinary Osmolality ◽  
Renal Water Excretion

In the present study the effect of angiotensin II (AII) on renal water excretion was evaluated. In dogs undergoing a water diuresis, neither the intravenous (IV) (40ng/kg per min) nor intracarotid (5-10 ng/kg per min) infusion of AII significantly altered urinary osmolality (Uosm) or free-water clearance (CH2O). Intravenous infusion of a competitive inhibitor of AII (1-sarcosine,8-glycine AII) into hydropenic dogs also failed to alter Uosm and CH2O significantly. To examine whether AII might suppress, rather than stimulate, vasopressin release, AII was also infused into hydropenic animals. No effect on Uosm and CH2O was observed during the intracarotid infusion. A significant fall in Uosm and rise in CH2O occurred during the intravenous AII infusion, but reversal after cessation of the infusion was incomplete and statistically not significant. Some suppression of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release during the intravenous infusion of AII, however, was suggested since no similar alteration in renal water excretion was observed during an intravenous AII infusion in hypophysectomized animals receiving a constant infusion of ADH. Taken together, the present results provide no evidence for a direct effect of AII to alter ADH release or to interfere with the peripheral action of ADH. Suppression of ADH release may sometimes occur with pressor doses of intravenous angiotensin, but this effect is clearly less consistent than previously observed with intravenous norepinephrine.

Nonosmotic release of vasopressin and renal aquaporins in impaired urinary dilution in hypothyroidism

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (4) ◽  
pp. F672-F678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Chang Chen ◽  
Melissa A. Cadnapaphornchai ◽  
Jianhui Yang ◽  
Sandra N. Summer ◽  
Sandor Falk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Urinary Osmolality ◽  
Water Load ◽  
Fluid Delivery

The purpose of this study was to examine protein expression of renal aquaporins (AQP) and ion transporters in hypothyroid (HT) rats in response to an oral water load compared with controls (CTL) and HT rats replaced with l-thyroxine (HT+T). Hypothyroidism was induced by aminotriazole administration for 10 wk. Body weight, water intake, urine output, solute and urea excretion, and serum and urine osmolality were comparable among the three groups at the conclusion of the 10-wk treatment period. One hour after oral gavage of water (50 ml/kg body wt), HT rats demonstrated significantly less water excretion, higher minimal urinary osmolality, and decreased serum osmolality compared with CTL and HT+T rats. Despite the hyposmolality, plasma vasopressin concentration was elevated in HT rats. These findings in HT rats were associated with an increase in protein abundance of renal cortex AQP1 and inner medulla AQP2. AQP3, AQP4, and the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter were also increased. Moreover, 1 h following the oral water load, HT rats demonstrated a significant increase in the membrane-to-vesicle fraction of AQP2 by Western blot analysis. The defect in urinary dilution in HT rats was reversed by the V2 vasopressin antagonist OPC-31260. In conclusion, impaired urinary dilution in HT rats is primarily compatible with the nonosmotic release of vasopressin and increased protein expression of renal AQP2. The impairment of maximal solute-free water excretion in HT rats, however, appears also to involve diminished distal fluid delivery.

Effect of a selective octapeptide analogue of somatostatin on renal water excretion in the dog

Metabolism ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 408-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Mountokalakis ◽  
Mortimer Levy
Keyword(s):  
Water Excretion ◽  
Renal Water Excretion

Contributions of glomerular and tubular mechanisms to antidiuresis in conscious domestic fowl

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (6) ◽  
pp. F842-F850 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Stallone ◽  
E. J. Braun
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
Quantitative Investigation ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Avian Kidney ◽  
Combined Actions ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Renal Water Excretion

Recently developed radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques were employed in a quantitative investigation of the renal actions of the avian antidiuretic hormone arginine vasotocin (AVT) in the conscious domestic fowl. Constant intravenous infusion of AVT at doses of 0.125-1.00 ng X kg-1 X min-1 was used to produce plasma AVT (PAVT) concentrations (verified by RIA) over the entire range of physiological PAVT levels in the domestic fowl. Comparison of the dose-response relationships between PAVT and glomerular and tubular mechanisms of antidiuresis revealed that tubular mechanisms are of primary importance and glomerular mechanisms of secondary importance in the conservation of water by the avian kidney. The greatest proportion of the total AVT-induced reduction in renal water excretion occurred at low physiological PAVT levels (less than 5 microU/ml), prior to any significant reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and appeared to be the exclusive result of tubular mechanisms of antidiuresis. At high PAVT levels (5-16 microU/ml), glomerular and tubular mechanisms overlapped, and their effects on water conservation could not be separated. Although GFR was reduced by nearly 30% at the highest dose of AVT, only minor additional amounts of water were conserved by the combined actions of glomerular and tubular mechanisms. Thus glomerular mechanisms appear to have only a minor secondary effect on water-conserving ability of the avian kidney.

Influence of steady-state PaCO2 on escape from ADH-induced water retention in the dog

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (4) ◽  
pp. F291-F296
Author(s):  
W. D. Kaehny ◽  
A. Gougoux ◽  
J. J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Marked Disparity ◽  
Per Se

The influence of the prevailing PaCO2 on the water-retaining effects of sustained elevations in ADH was assessed by administering vasopressin (5 U in oil, twice daily) and a fixed water intake to dogs with eucapnia (n, 7), chronic hypercapnia (n, 6), and chronic hypocapnia (n, 8). Although water excretion initially fell to a similar extent in all three groups, cumulative water retention by day 4 of vasopressin administration was 77 mg/kg in the hypocapnic group, 46 ml/kg in the eucapnic group, and only 14 ml/kg in the hypercapnic group. These differences were reflected in a marked disparity in the degree of hyposmolality of body fluids, plasma osmolality falling by day 4 to an average value of 223, 237, and 268 mosmol/kg in the hypocapnic, eucapnic, and hypercapnic animals, respectively. In a separate group of dogs, water deprivation and water loading studies revealed that sustained hypercapnia does not affect the maximal concentrating or diluting ability of the kidney. We conclude, therefore, that the striking influence of the prevailing PaCO2 on the water-retaining effects of administered vasopressin cannot be ascribed to an altered responsiveness of the nephron per se, but that this influence reflects an alteration in the ease with which the kidney can escape from the antidiuretic effects of this substance.

scholarly journals Effect of alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation on renal water excretion in man

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Berl ◽  
Judith A. Harbottle ◽  
Robert W. Schrier
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Renal Water Excretion
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document