Serial Blood Water Estimations and in-Line Blood Viscometry: The Continuous Measurement of Blood Volume during Dialysis Procedures

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Greenwood ◽  
C. Aldridge ◽  
W. R. Cattell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Capillary Viscometer ◽  
Extracorporeal Circuit ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Serial Measurements

1. It has been shown in vitro that serial measurements of blood water during ultrafiltration accurately reflect changing blood volume. 2. It has been shown that minute changes in blood hydration produce detectable changes in blood viscosity. 3. An ‘in-line’ capillary viscometer has been constructed which can be placed in parallel with an extracorporeal circuit to give a continuous semi-quantitative measure of blood viscosity during ultrafiltration or haemodialysis. By making serial measurements of blood water each ‘viscometer curve’ can be corrected to permit calculation of blood volume provided that the starting blood volume is known. 4. Blood volume changes of less than 1% can be detected in vitro and provided that blood volume changes solely as a result of the removal or influx of water it can be measured continuously to within an accuracy of 4% for volume changes up to 30% irrespective of starting packed cell volume or blood water.

Influence of volume changes on osmolality-vasopressin relationships in conscious dogs

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (1) ◽  
pp. H73-H79 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Quillen ◽  
A. W. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin

The relative importance of plasma osmolality (Posm) and left atrial pressure (LAP) as controllers of plasma vasopressin concentration (PAVP) was investigated in conscious dogs (n = 8). New techniques for the continuous measurement of LAP and computerized data collection permitted monitoring of LAP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) while Posm was suppressed with intravenous distilled water and then elevated with hypertonic NaCl. PAVP was determined by radioimmunoassay. This relationship between Posm and PAVP was determined at low, normal, and high (-0.9 +/- 0.8, 1.8 +/- 0.8, and 7.7 +/- 1.1 cmH2O, respectively) levels of LAP produced by either hemorrhage or autotransfusion of whole blood. MAP was not altered by these maneuvers. The results of these short-term studies have demonstrated a significant modulation of the osmoregulation of PAVP by changes in blood volume as indexed by LAP. Because of this modulation, PAVP is regulated so that contraction or expansion of the blood volume is more expeditiously corrected than would occur if osmoreceptors alone regulated plasma vasopressin.

Hemodynamics of the lesser mouse deer, Tragulus javanicus

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Weathers ◽  
G. K. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Normal Limits

Mouse deer possess the smallest known erythrocytes. In contrast to the usual biconcave shape, mouse deer corpuscles are spherical which results in an appreciable increase in vitro blood viscosity. In the absence of compensation, increased viscosity should produce hemodynamic consequences. However, we find that cardiac output, arterial pressure, and total peripheral resistance are all within normal limits, while packed cell volume is considerably lower than normal. We suggest that reduced packed cell volume represents a compensation for the spherical shape of the corpuscles, serving to maintain blood viscosity and dependent hemodynamic parameters within normal limits. These results contrast markedly with the pattern observed in man where conditions which result in a high in vitro blood viscosity also have significant hemodynamic consequences. Mean values for three mouse deer were: body mass, 1.18 kg; packed cell volume, 29.8%; heart rate, 182 beats/min; cardiac output, 145 ml-(kg-min)-1., mean arterial pressure, 99 Torr; total peripheral resistance, 4.90 X 10(5) dyn-s-cm-5.

scholarly journals Development of Continuous Blood Pressure Measurement System Using Photoplethysmograph and Pulse Transit Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Hong Long Pua ◽  
Kok Beng Gan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Pulse Transit Time ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Non Invasive

It is not only a problem for old age anyone. So, blood pressure is the one provides importance information with vital signs about cardiovascular health using oscillometric method. Unfortunately, this method required inflation and following deflation of the cuff. This method only gives instantaneous blood pressure and continuous measurement is not available. It is not available to the patients that required long term monitoring. To overcome this problem, the development of Continuous Non-Invasive Blood Pressure (NIBP) algorithm based on Pulse Transit Time (PTT) using two channel Photoplethysmograph (PPG) is proposed in this study. PPG is a non-invasive device for detecting blood volume changes can be affected by various physiological factors, analysis of the PPG signal can provide sufficient information on the human health condition; more specifically their cardio-vascular related performance. Literatures show that the PTT has linear relationship with blood pressure. Nevertheless, the determination of the model structure, order and real-time implementation to offer a continuous measurement of the PTT still remains challenging tasks in this area. PTT can be as index to monitor cardiovascular disease. In this project, dynamic model based on pulse transit time will be proposed to continuously monitor blood pressure by using PPG signals. Different kind of resolutions in microcontroller combined with PPG sensor will be used as well. MATLAB software is also been applied for PTT calculation based on two PPG sensors. PPG is method for detect blood volume changes with optical source transmitter send from one end and received the signal from another by receiver through body tissue as medium. MATLAB functions as Digital Signal Processing (DSP) for signals received in computer. Linear Regression technique and Fung's algorithm are applied to obtain the best fit line for all the points in order to systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurement. The results showed that the algorithm based on pulse transit time has been developed for the assessment of blood pressure and justify patient’ condition with 86.34% and 88.20% accuracy. Finally, this technique is a simple, user friendly and operator independent PPG system suitable for long term and wearable blood pressure monitor.

Hypertonic and hypovolemic stimulation of thirst in pigs

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (1) ◽  
pp. R149-R154 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Anderson ◽  
T. R. Houpt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Volume Control ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Behavioral Threshold ◽  
Blood Volume Control ◽  
Stimulation Of

Young female pigs weighing from 15 to 45 kg were used. Plasma osmolality was slowly raised by an intravenous infusion of 15% NaCl. The behavioral threshold was when the pigs began to drink water, and the rise of osmolality was the stimulus. In 23 measurements on 8 pigs the rise of osmolality to initiate drinking was 10.4 +/- 1.4 mosmol/kg (mean +/- SE). There was also an estimated 3.8 +/- 1.4% rise of blood volume. Control infusions of 0.9% NaCl for 1 h usually resulted in no drinking, and plasma osmolality fell by 6.7 +/- 2.1 mosmol/kg, while blood volume did not change. Hypovolemia was effected using furosemide (1 mg/kg body wt) to cause excretion of nearly isotonic urine. Blood volume changes were estimated from plasma protein and packed cell volume data. In 28 measurements on 6 pigs, drinking occurred when blood volume had decreased by 6.7 +/- 1.8%. During 2-h control periods, blood volume did not change appreciably. Plasma osmolality decreased during both the furosemide treatment (by 3.5 +/- 0.7 mosmol/kg) and the controls (by 4.1 +/- 0.8 mosmol/kg).

scholarly journals A blood protein monitor for the continuous measurement of blood volume changes during hemodialysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Schneditz ◽  
Helmuth Pogglitsch ◽  
Jörg Horina ◽  
Ulrich Binswanger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Volume Changes

Early MRI blood volume changes in constrictor muscles correlate with post-radiation dysphagia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Mierzwa ◽  
Laila A. Gharzai ◽  
Pin Li ◽  
Joel R. Wilkie ◽  
Peter G. Hawkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Post Radiation

THE EFFECTS OF CALCIUM ON PROTEIN-BINDING AND METABOLISM OF ARGININE VASOPRESSIN IN RATS

1965 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. SMITH ◽  
N. A. THORN
Keyword(s):  
Protein Binding ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Blood Concentration ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Rat Serum

SUMMARY Hypercalcaemia produced in rats by the intravenous injection of calcium chloride, slowed the rate of disappearance of injected vasopressin from the blood circulation. 24% of the vasopressin injected appeared in the urine of hypercalcaemic rats compared with 7 % in control animals. Vasopressin injected intravenously into control rats was distributed in a volume equal to the blood volume but when rats had been made hypercalcaemic, the theoretical volume of distribution was three to four times greater. Antidiuresis produced by injection of large doses of vasopressin into hydrated rats was little affected by changes in the blood concentration of calcium. Calcium chloride injected intravenously into hydrated rats resulted in a temporary antidiuresis. Experiments in vitro with Sephadex G-25 showed that both ox neurophysin and rat serum protein bind vasopressin and that calcium interferes with the binding. It is suggested that calcium can compete directly with vasopressin for acidic binding sites on proteins; that this can cause the release of vasopressin and alter the transport and possibly the rate of inactivation, of vasopressin.

An Electronic Method of Detecting Blood Volume Changes

1965 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex J. Underwood ◽  
David Gowing
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Electronic Method
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document