Abnormal vascular function and morphology in preeclampsia: a study of isolated resistance vessels

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Aalkjaer ◽  
H. Danielsen ◽  
P. Johannesen ◽  
E. B. Pedersen ◽  
A. Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Direct Information ◽  
Vascular Abnormalities ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Resistance Vessels

1. In order to obtain direct information about vascular changes associated with pre-eclampsia, the morphological and functional characteristics of isolated omental resistance vessels from 11 women with pre-eclampsia, 10 normotensive pregnant women and eight normotensive nonpregnant women were determined. 2. In vessels from the women with preeclampsia, the ratio of media thickness to lumen diameter was increased, compared with that in vessels from the other two groups. 3. The vessels from the women with preeclampsia had an increased responsiveness to angiotensin II and a decreased rate of relaxation, but only when compared with the vessels from the normotensive pregnant women. However, no difference in responsiveness to noradrenaline was found between any of the groups. 4. The angiotensin II responsiveness of the vessels from the women with pre-eclampsia and from the non-pregnant women were similar, suggesting that pre-eclampsia is associated with an absence of the change in vascular function which normally occurs during pregnancy. 5. The study provides direct evidence for an involvement of vascular abnormalities in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia.

Effect of [Sar1, Ala8]-angiotensin II and hypophysectomy on the intestinal resistance vessels and blood pressure following furosemide-induced volume depletion

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Robert McNeill ◽  
William C. Wilcox ◽  
Raoul Regnault
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Control System ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
The Other ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Competitive Antagonist ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Response ◽  
Resistance Vessels

Intravenous administration of furosemide (2 mg/kg) caused intestinal vasoconstriction in various groups of pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. [Sar1, Ala8]-angiotensin II, a specific competitive antagonist of angiotensin II, was infused 60 min after administration of furosemide, a time when the intestinal vasoconstrictor response to the diuretic was maximal or near maximal. In hypophysectomized animals, infusion of the antagonist abolished the intestinal vasoconstriction and caused a significant fall in arterial pressure even when the intestinal nerves and adrenal glands remained intact. In contrast, the antagonist had little effect when the pituitary gland remained intact. The results suggest that endogenous angiotensin and vasopressin are overlapping mechanisms which constrict the intestinal resistance vessels and support arterial pressure following furosemide-induced volume depletion. In the absence of one control system, the other compensates to maintain the responses.

Regulatory peptides and the onset of nausea and vomiting

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kucharczyk ◽  
R. K. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting

There is no direct evidence that peptide hormones mediate vomiting observed during various cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, visceral, or neurological disorders. On the other hand, recent studies in animal models have demonstrated that several endogenous vasoactive neuropeptides can induce short-latency emesis following systemic or intracranial injections. This article reviews experimental data on peptide-induced emesis.Key words: emesis, neuropeptides, area postrema, angiotensin II, vasopressin.

Vasopressin and angiotensin: reciprocal mechanisms controlling mesenteric conductance

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (3) ◽  
pp. H260-H266
Author(s):  
J. R. McNeill ◽  
W. C. Wilcox ◽  
C. C. Pang
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Decrease ◽  
Prolonged Infusion ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Antagonist ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Anesthetized Cat

Intravenous infusions of [Sar1-Ala8]angiotensin II, acute hypophysectomy, and acute intestinal denervation were carried out in 15 pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. Infusion of the angiotensin II antagonist caused only a small increase in superior mesenteric arterial conductance and a small decrease in arterial pressure in intact animals, but the changes were subypophysectomy alone caused only a small intestinal vasodilatation and little change in arterial pressure. However, the responses to hypophysectomy were much larger when the gland was removed during a prolonged infusion of the angiotensin II antagonist. Intestinal denervation caused only minor changes in mesenteric conductance and arterial pressure, and the responses to [Sar1-Ala8]angiotensin II and hypophysectomy were largely unaltered by the presence or absence of the intestinal innervation. The results suggest that the renin-angiotensin and vasopressin systems are reciprocal overlapping mechanisms that exert a significant vasoconstrictor influence on the intestinal resistance vessels in the anesthetized cat. In the absence of one control system, the other appears to compensate to maintain resistance.

Angiotensin II Infusion Alters Vascular Function in Mouse Resistance Vessels: Roles of O–·2 and Endothelium

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Tina Chabrashvili ◽  
Lillian Borrego ◽  
Shakil Aslam ◽  
Jason G. Umans
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Resistance Vessels

C. The Continuous Spectrum of Pulsating Variable Stars

1967 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 177-206
Author(s):  
J. B. Oke ◽  
C. A. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Spectrum ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
Velocity Fields ◽  
The Other ◽  
Line Spectrum ◽  
Direct Information ◽  
Thermodynamic Structure ◽  
Diagnostic Interpretation ◽  
Pulsating Variable Stars ◽  
The Continuum

Pecker:The topic to be considered today is the continuous spectrum of certain stars, whose variability we attribute to a pulsation of some part of their structure. Obviously, this continuous spectrum provides a test of the pulsation theory to the extent that the continuum is completely and accurately observed and that we can analyse it to infer the structure of the star producing it. The continuum is one of the two possible spectral observations; the other is the line spectrum. It is obvious that from studies of the continuum alone, we obtain no direct information on the velocity fields in the star. We obtain information only on the thermodynamic structure of the photospheric layers of these stars–the photospheric layers being defined as those from which the observed continuum directly arises. So the problems arising in a study of the continuum are of two general kinds: completeness of observation, and adequacy of diagnostic interpretation. I will make a few comments on these, then turn the meeting over to Oke and Whitney.

Features of the course and treatment of glaucoma during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
T. V. Chernyakova ◽  
A. Yu. Brezhnev ◽  
I. R. Gazizova ◽  
A. V. Kuroyedov ◽  
A. V. Seleznev
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chronic Progressive Disease ◽  
Hypotensive Therapy ◽  
Eye Pressure

In the review we have integrated all up-to-date knowledge concerning clinical course and treatment of glaucoma among pregnant women to help specialists choose a proper policy of treatment for such a complicated group of patients. Glaucoma is a chronic progressive disease. It rarely occurs among childbearing aged women. Nevertheless the probability to manage pregnant patients having glaucoma has been recently increasing. The situation is complicated by the fact that there are no recommendations on how to treat glaucoma among pregnant women. As we know, eye pressure is progressively going down from the first to the third trimester, so we often have to correct hypotensive therapy. Besides, it is necessary to take into account the effect of applied medicines on mother health and evaluate possible teratogenic complications for a fetus. The only medicine against glaucoma which belongs to category B according to FDA classification is brimonidine. Medicines of the other groups should be prescribed with care. Laser treatment or surgery may also be a relevant decision when monitoring patients who are planning pregnancy or just bearing a child. Such treatment should be also accompanied by medicines.

Beneficial Morphofunctional Changes Promoted by Sildenafil in Resistance Vessels in the Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananda T. Dias ◽  
Marcos A.S. Leal ◽  
Tadeu C. Zanardo ◽  
Gisele M. Alves ◽  
Marcella L. Porto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
Induced Hypertension

The Origins of Domestic Sheep and Goats: a Reconsideration in the Light of the Fossil Evidence

1969 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 368-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Payne
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
The Other ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Animal Domestication ◽  
The Past ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

In recent discussions of the origins and process of animal domestication (Reed, 1961, Zeuner, 1963), both authors rely on two kinds of evidence: on the one hand, the present distributions and characteristics of the different breeds of whatever animal is being discussed, together with its feral and wild relatives, and, on the other hand, the past record, given by literary and pictorial sources and the bones from archaeological and geological sites. Increased recognition of the limitations of the past record, whether in the accuracy of the information it appears to give (as in the case of pictorial sources), or in the certainty of the deductions we are at present capable of drawing from it (this applies especially to the osteological record), has led these authors to argue mainly from the present situation, using the past record to confirm or amplify the existing picture.Arguing from the present, many hypotheses about the origins and process of domestication are available. The only test we have, when attempting to choose between these, lies in the direct evidence of the past record. The past record, it is freely admitted, is very fragmentary: the information provided by the present situation is more exact, ranges over a much wider field, and is more open to test and control. Nevertheless, the past record, however imperfect it is, is the only direct evidence we have about the process of domestication.

Bradykinin has no acute effect on the response of forearm blood flow to sympathetic stimulation in man

1990 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Cullen ◽  
J. R. Cockcroft ◽  
D. J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Lower Body Negative Pressure ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
Sympathetic Responses

1. Six healthy male subjects received 0.9% (w/v) NaCl (saline) followed by incremental doses of bradykinin (1, 3 and 10 pmol/min), via the left brachial artery. Blood flow and the response of blood flow to lower-body negative pressure were measured in both forearms during infusion of saline and each dose of bradykinin. 2. Bradykinin produced a moderate and dose-dependent increase in blood flow in the infused, but not the non-infused, forearm. Lower-body negative pressure produced an approximately 15–20% reduction in blood flow in both forearms, and this response was unaffected by local infusion of bradykinin. 3. Bradykinin, in contrast to angiotensin II, had no acute effect on peripheral sympathetic responses to lower-body negative pressure. We conclude that, in forearm resistance vessels in man, withdrawal of angiotensin II, rather than accumulation of bradykinin, is likely to account for the attenuation of peripheral sympathetic responses after acute administration of a converting-enzyme inhibitor.

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