Dissociation between uric acid and urea clearances in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone related to salt excretion

1990 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Decaux ◽  
F. Prospert ◽  
P. Cauchie ◽  
A. Soupart
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Inappropriate Secretion ◽  
Salt Excretion

1. Our purpose was to determine why hypouricaemia is more frequently observed than hypouraemia in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. We have retrospectively analysed the scores of 35 patients with a chronic form of hyponatraemia related to the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone and studied prospectively six patients. 2. The patients with high fractional excretion of filtered urea (>55%) presented lower blood urea and lower salt excretion than the patients with normal fractional excretion of filtered urea, despite similar levels of hyponatraemia and of osmotic and uric acid clearances. In six hyponatraemic patients, an increase in salt intake was accompanied by a decrease in fractional excretion of filtered urea. In the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, the fractional excretion of filtered urea was inversely correlated to the fractional excretion of filtered sodium (r = −0.66; P <0.001), whereas the fractional excretion of filtered uric acid was not dependent on sodium excretion. 3. Hypouraemia with high fractional excretion of filtered urea in patients with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone is related to low urinary sodium excretion and thus reflects low sodium intake.

Abstract P403: Seasonal Variation in the Daily Urinary Sodium Excretion in Outpatients From the Northern Japan

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Northern Japan

Although the daily urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) is considered to provide the most reliable estimate of the daily sodium intake, it may be affected by salt loss due to sweating in summer. However, theseasonal variation in the daily UNaV associated with a normal lifestyle is unknown. This study was performed in 348 outpatients from the Morioka region during three seasons: summer(summer 1), winter, and the following summer (summer 2). The daily UNaV (g salt/day) was estimated by the second morning urine method three times during each season. Seasonal variation was defined as a significant trend across the three seasons together with a significant difference between winter and both summers. In women, the daily UNaV was higher in winter (11.8±3.0 g salt/day) than in summer 1 (11.2±2.9g salt/day) or summer 2 (11.0±2.9 g salt/day). In contrast, there was no marked seasonal variation in men. An analysis stratified by age (4 quartiles) identified seasonal variation in the older 2 quartiles of women (aged ≧68 years). In these women, the mean seasonal difference in the daily UNaV was 0.9 g of salt/day for both winter vs. summer 1 and winter vs. summer 2, while it was 0.1-0.8 g of salt/day in the other groups. Seasonal variation in the daily UNaV only occurred in older female patients and was relatively small. This is evidence for restricting salt intake throughout the year and should reassure patients who are anxious about salt loss due to sweating in summer.

scholarly journals Urine Spot Samples Can Be Used to Estimate 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 (12) ◽  
pp. 1946-1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Rios-Leyvraz ◽  
Pascal Bovet ◽  
René Tabin ◽  
Bernard Genin ◽  
Michel Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Individual Level

ABSTRACT Background The gold standard to assess salt intake is 24-h urine collections. Use of a urine spot sample can be a simpler alternative, especially when the goal is to assess sodium intake at the population level. Several equations to estimate 24-h urinary sodium excretion from urine spot samples have been tested in adults, but not in children. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the ability of several equations and urine spot samples to estimate 24-h urinary sodium excretion in children. Methods A cross-sectional study of children between 6 and 16 y of age was conducted. Each child collected one 24-h urine sample and 3 timed urine spot samples, i.e., evening (last void before going to bed), overnight (first void in the morning), and morning (second void in the morning). Eight equations (i.e., Kawasaki, Tanaka, Remer, Mage, Brown with and without potassium, Toft, and Meng) were used to estimate 24-h urinary sodium excretion. The estimates from the different spot samples and equations were compared with the measured excretion through the use of several statistics. Results Among the 101 children recruited, 86 had a complete 24-h urine collection and were included in the analysis (mean age: 10.5 y). The mean measured 24-h urinary sodium excretion was 2.5 g (range: 0.8–6.4 g). The different spot samples and equations provided highly heterogeneous estimates of the 24-h urinary sodium excretion. The overnight spot samples with the Tanaka and Brown equations provided the most accurate estimates (mean bias: −0.20 to −0.12 g; correlation: 0.48–0.53; precision: 69.7–76.5%; sensitivity: 76.9–81.6%; specificity: 66.7%; and misclassification: 23.0–27.7%). The other equations, irrespective of the timing of the spot, provided less accurate estimates. Conclusions Urine spot samples, with selected equations, might provide accurate estimates of the 24-h sodium excretion in children at a population level. At an individual level, they could be used to identify children with high sodium excretion. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02900261.

scholarly journals High Dietary Salt Intake in Pediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Not Related to Overweight and Obesity

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Angela Zanfardino ◽  
Angela Zanfardino ◽  
Pierluigi Marzuillo ◽  
Linda Sessa ◽  
Assunta S Rollato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium

Aim: People around the world are consuming much more sodium than is physiologically necessary. A number of studies suggest that dietary sodium intake is related to weight gain. The aim of our study was to evaluate in a population of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, possible correlations between the urinary sodium excretion (UNa24h), indirect marker of sodium intake, and both duration of diabetes and BMI z-score. Moreover, we also evaluated the correlation between UNa24h and duration of diabetes according with the presence/absence of overweight/obesity. Research Design and Methods: Children and adolescents aged between 4 and 18 years with type 1 diabetes were consecutively enrolled from Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes in Naples. Urinary sodium concentrations were tested in three 24 h urine samples of 68 individuals (204 tests). Results: Mean UNa24h was 141.3±68.2 mmol/24h corresponding to 8.1±3.9 gr of NaCl intake. Seventyfive percent of subjects aged between 4 and 6 years, 95% of subjects aged between 7 and 10 years and 79.5% of subjects aged between 11 and 18 years consume more salt of the LARN’s advice. Urinary sodium excretion increased in relation to the increase of duration, in years, of diabetes (p=0.0027). No statistically significant relationship is between UNa24h (mmol/24h) and zBMI (p=0.705). Conclusions: This study shows that young patients with type 1 diabetes have high levels of UNa24h. Given the close correlation between the UNa24h and salt intake we can conclude that they take more salt with their diet. High salt intake is not related to overweight but to diabetes duration.

Excretion of endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive factors in human urine is a function of urine flow rate.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 960-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
B A Siegfried ◽  
R Valdes
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Urine Flow Rate ◽  
Healthy Humans

Abstract We studied the effect of varying water and salt intake on the renal excretion of endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive factors (DLIF). DLIF were measured in human urine and serum by competitive displacement of 125I-labeled digoxin from anti-digoxin antibodies. Diuresis was selectively induced in normal healthy humans by acute water ingestion, and natriuresis was preferentially induced by acute saline ingestion. We found the amount of endogenous immunoreactivity excreted in urine to be correlated with urine flow rate but not with urinary sodium excretion. Urinary excretion of DLIF, normalized to creatinine, was 3.6-fold greater at a urine flow rate of 5.5 mL/min than at 0.5 mL/min. On the other hand, saline intake increased urine flow rate 1.9-fold and increased sodium excretion threefold, but did not affect urinary excretion of DLIF. Fractional excretion of DLIF was linearly related to fractional excretion of water. This study demonstrates that normalization of DLIF values to urinary creatinine does not make DLIF excretion independent of urine flow rate and underscores the need for information on urine flow rate when DLIF measurements in urine are being interpreted.

Evidence that intrarenal bradykinin plays a role in regulation of renal function

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (4) ◽  
pp. E648-E654 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Siragy
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Kinin System ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Low Sodium

Bradykinin (BK) is produced by the kidney, but the role of the renal kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) in the control of renal function is not understood. We studied the effects of intrarenal infusion of the BK antagonist, D-Arg-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Thi-Ser-D-Phe-Thi-Arg-trifluoroacetic acid (BKA, n = 5) and BK (n = 4) alone or combined with antagonist (BKA 0.025 ng.kg-1 x min-1 + BK 0.25 ng.kg-1 x min-1, n = 4) in uninephrectomized conscious dogs in sodium balance at 10 and 80 meq/day. During low sodium intake, administration of BKA (infusions from 0.025 to 2.5 ng.kg-1 x min-1) caused a significant antidiuresis (P < 0.0001) and antinatriuresis (P < 0.0001) and a decrease in fractional sodium excretion (P < 0.0001). There were no changes in estimated renal plasma flow (RPF) or glomerular filtration rate during intrarenal administration of BKA at 0.025 and 0.25 ng.kg-1 x min-1. A dose of 2.5 ng.kg-1 x min-1 BKA caused a significant decrease in RPF. There were no changes in plasma aldosterone concentration, plasma renin activity, or systemic arterial pressure during intrarenal BKA administration. At 80 meq/day sodium balance (n = 5), intrarenal administration of BKA did not cause any systemic or renal effects. Intrarenal administration of BK at 0.25 ng.kg-1 x min-1 during low sodium balance caused an increase in urine flow rate and urinary sodium excretion. Coinfusion of BK with BKA completely abrogated the renal excretory changes induced by BKA. These data suggest that intrarenal KKS plays a role in control of renal function largely by a tubular mechanism during low sodium intake.

Evaluation of Salt Intake, Urinary Sodium Excretion and Their Relationship to Overhydration in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea E.C. Hallvass ◽  
Lígia Maria Claro ◽  
Simone Gonçalves ◽  
Márcia Olandoski ◽  
Fabiana Baggio Nerbass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Fluid Overload ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Body Composition Monitor

The purpose of this study was to estimate sodium intake in a group of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to correlate the results with the urinary excretion values of sodium and signs of fluid overload. We included patients with CKD in different stages. Urinary sodium was measured in 24 h urine samples. Body composition monitor (BCM) was used to estimate the hydration status. Sixty patients (38 ± 15 ml/min of GFR) presented 4.14 ± 1.71 g/24 h of urinary sodium excretion. Overhydration was detected in 50% of the patients by the BCM. There was a positive correlation between the measured sodium excretion values and BCM, ICW, ECW and TBW. In conclusion, markers of overhydration evaluated by BCM were positively correlated with urinary sodium excretion.

scholarly journals Effects of a Novel Contextual Just-In-Time Mobile App Intervention (LowSalt4Life) on Sodium Intake in Adults With Hypertension: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/16696 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e16696
Author(s):  
Michael P Dorsch ◽  
Maria L Cornellier ◽  
Armella D Poggi ◽  
Feriha Bilgen ◽  
Peiyu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium

Background High dietary sodium intake is a significant public health problem in the United States. High sodium consumption is associated with high blood pressure and high risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a just-in-time adaptive mobile app intervention, namely, LowSalt4Life, on reducing sodium intake in adults with hypertension. Methods In this study, 50 participants aged ≥18 years who were under treatment for hypertension were randomized (1:1, stratified by gender) into 2 groups, namely, the App group (LowSalt4Life intervention) and the No App group (usual dietary advice) in a single-center, prospective, open-label randomized controlled trial for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion estimated from spot urine by using the Kawasaki equation, which was analyzed using unpaired two-sided t tests. Secondary outcomes included the change in the sodium intake measured by the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, blood pressure levels, and the self-reported confidence in following a low-sodium diet. Results From baseline to week 8, there was a significant reduction in the Kawasaki-estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion calculated from spot urine in the App group compared to that in the No App group (–462 [SD 1220] mg vs 381 [SD 1460] mg, respectively; P=.03). The change in the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was –637 (SD 1524) mg in the App group and –322 (SD 1485) mg in the No App group (P=.47). The changes in the estimated sodium intake as measured by 24-hour dietary recall and by FFQ in the App group were –1537 (SD 2693) mg and –1553 (SD 1764) mg while those in the No App group were –233 (SD 2150) mg and –515 (SD 1081) mg, respectively (P=.07 and P=.01, respectively). The systolic blood pressure change from baseline to week 8 in the App group was –7.5 mmHg while that in the No App group was –0.7 mmHg (P=.12), but the self-confidence in following a low-sodium diet was not significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusions This study shows that a contextual just-in-time mobile app intervention resulted in a greater reduction in the dietary sodium intake in adults with hypertension than that in the control group over a 8-week period, as measured by the estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion from spot urine and FFQ. The intervention group did not show a significant difference from the control group in the self-confidence in following a low sodium diet and in the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion or dietary intake of sodium as measured by the 24-hour dietary recall. A larger clinical trial is warranted to further elucidate the effects of the LowSalt4Life intervention on sodium intake and blood pressure levels in adults with hypertension. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03099343; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03099343 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/11282

scholarly journals Effects of a Novel Contextual Just-In-Time Mobile App Intervention (LowSalt4Life) on Sodium Intake in Adults With Hypertension: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P Dorsch ◽  
Maria L Cornellier ◽  
Armella D Poggi ◽  
Feriha Bilgen ◽  
Peiyu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium

BACKGROUND High dietary sodium intake is a significant public health problem in the United States. High sodium consumption is associated with high blood pressure and high risk of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a just-in-time adaptive mobile app intervention, namely, LowSalt4Life, on reducing sodium intake in adults with hypertension. METHODS In this study, 50 participants aged ≥18 years who were under treatment for hypertension were randomized (1:1, stratified by gender) into 2 groups, namely, the App group (LowSalt4Life intervention) and the No App group (usual dietary advice) in a single-center, prospective, open-label randomized controlled trial for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion estimated from spot urine by using the Kawasaki equation, which was analyzed using unpaired two-sided <i>t</i> tests. Secondary outcomes included the change in the sodium intake measured by the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, blood pressure levels, and the self-reported confidence in following a low-sodium diet. RESULTS From baseline to week 8, there was a significant reduction in the Kawasaki-estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion calculated from spot urine in the App group compared to that in the No App group (–462 [SD 1220] mg vs 381 [SD 1460] mg, respectively; <i>P</i>=.03). The change in the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was –637 (SD 1524) mg in the App group and –322 (SD 1485) mg in the No App group (<i>P</i>=.47). The changes in the estimated sodium intake as measured by 24-hour dietary recall and by FFQ in the App group were –1537 (SD 2693) mg and –1553 (SD 1764) mg while those in the No App group were –233 (SD 2150) mg and –515 (SD 1081) mg, respectively (<i>P</i>=.07 and <i>P</i>=.01, respectively). The systolic blood pressure change from baseline to week 8 in the App group was –7.5 mmHg while that in the No App group was –0.7 mmHg (<i>P</i>=.12), but the self-confidence in following a low-sodium diet was not significantly different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that a contextual just-in-time mobile app intervention resulted in a greater reduction in the dietary sodium intake in adults with hypertension than that in the control group over a 8-week period, as measured by the estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion from spot urine and FFQ. The intervention group did not show a significant difference from the control group in the self-confidence in following a low sodium diet and in the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion or dietary intake of sodium as measured by the 24-hour dietary recall. A larger clinical trial is warranted to further elucidate the effects of the LowSalt4Life intervention on sodium intake and blood pressure levels in adults with hypertension. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03099343; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03099343 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/11282

Estimation of salt intake of normotensive subjects of Jaipur City

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonal Dhemla ◽  
Kanika Varma
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Jaipur City

Purpose There has been a dramatic increase in hypertension in developing countries along with changes in food consumption patterns contributing to higher levels of sodium. Evidence shows that a high level of sodium intake is a major cause of high blood pressure and other heart diseases along with other associated diseases. Therefore, it is important to determine current consumption levels of sodium in a population to facilitate the development and implementation of any specific salt reduction program. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted among 60 subjects (25-45 years) residing in Jaipur City. Subjects’ sodium consumption levels were assessed via assessment of 24-h urinary sodium excretion levels, the “gold standard” method advocated by WHO/PAHO (2010) and 24-h dietary recall for three days including one holiday. Findings The findings of the study indicated that the subjects were found to be consuming higher levels of sodium (males, 5,792 mg/d; females, 5,911 mg/d) than recommended by WHO, i.e. less than 2,300 mg/d. Completeness of urine was confirmed by fat-free mass determined by electrical bio-impedance (47.6 ± 7.6 kg) and determined by using 24-h urinary excretion of creatinine (33.7 ± 10.1 kg). Two variables were found to be significantly correlated (r = 0.52, p = 0.00). Assuming that the sodium eliminated in the urine comes from the salt only, this excretion would correspond with a dietary salt intake of 14.71 and 15.01 g/d in males and females, respectively. Dietary sodium intake was reported to be 4,133 ± 1,111 mg/day and 3,953 ± 945 mg/d in males and females, respectively. A non-significant difference was found between the two variables. Urinary sodium excretion correlated non-significantly with systolic and diastolic blood pressure figures (r = 0.09 and r = −0.02, respectively). Research limitations/implications The limitations of this study included the small sample size. Purposive sampling was adopted due to difficulty in obtaining urine sample and required willingness of the respondent. This may give fair robust estimate. Originality/value The present results will help provide new data about the baseline salt intake in young and middle-aged population of Jaipur City and will further help the concerned agencies to plan meaningful strategies to reduce salt intake, and it must involve public education and awareness to change the consumption pattern.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document