Phenotypic and Quantitative Changes in Mast Cells after Syngeneic Unilateral Lung Transplantation in the Rat

1996 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annick Buvry ◽  
Monique Garbarg ◽  
Violetta Dimitriadou ◽  
Agnès Rouleau ◽  
George F. J. Newlands ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Large Airways ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Cell Phenotypes ◽  
And Control

1. Lung transplantation causes a total interruption of the innervation and vascularization within the transplanted organ, followed by repair processes. This is frequently associated with bronchial hyper-responsiveness. A common feature of tissue repair is an increase in the number of mast cells. Three phenotypically distinct mast cell subsets, with respect to their protease content, have been identified in rat lung, and it is probable that mast cells of differing protease phenotype fulfil different functions. 2. We have compared the number, protease phenotype and distribution of mast cells in left lung from transplanted and control Lewis rats 1 month after syngeneic unilateral left lung transplantation, without interference of inflammation, graft rejection or of any treatment. Connective and mucosal-type mast cell phenotypes were characterized using antibodies directed against their specific rat mast cell proteases, RMCPI and RMCPII, respectively. 3. After transplantation, RMCPI and RMCPII tissue concentrations increased by 172% and 239%, respectively, compared with controls (13.1 ± 1.2 and 5.6±1.0 μg/g). 4. Localization of mast cell phenotypes was studied by immunohistochemistry after double immunostaining. The number of mast cells increased after transplantation: the increase in the number of RMCPI-immunoreactive mast cells (RMCPI+) was significant around bronchioles and arterioles, around large vessels and in the pleura. The number of RMCPII+ mast cells also significantly increased around bronchioles and arterioles, as well as in the smooth muscle layer of large airways. Some mast cells stained for the presence of both RMCPI and RMCPII, supporting the existence of co-expressing phenotype in rat lung. The number of mast cells of the RMCPI+ /H+ phenotype significantly increased around bronchioles and arterioles and in the pleura. Moreover, the distribution of the mast cell phenotypes was modified in the different areas after transplantation. 5. This indicates a local differentiation/maturation of mast cells after transplantation.

scholarly journals Mast Cell Degranulation and Adenosine Release:Acupoint Specificity for Effect of Electroacupuncture on Pituitrin-Induced Acute Heart Bradycardia in Rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Xuezhi Wang ◽  
Meng Huang ◽  
Hongwei Yang ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Wei Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Mast Cell Degranulation ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Adenosine Release ◽  
Specificity Of Acupoints ◽  
Acupoint Specificity ◽  
And Control

Acupuncture is a medical modality based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, and its effect is relatively dependent on acupoint specificity. However, there is little knowledge on acupoint specificity versus acupuncture outcomes because of the deficiency of rigorous investigation on this topic, which has impeded the growing legitimacy of acupuncture in the mainstream of medicine as an evidence-based therapy. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to clarify this critical issue. The present study aims to verify the phenomenon of acupoint specificity in acupuncture-induced cardiovascular regulation and explore the biological mechanism by measuring mast cells’ degranulation and adenosine release. This study was conducted to explore the specificity of acupoints in an acute bradycardia rabbit model. After electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation at PC6, PC control (con) 1, PC con 2, LU7, LI11, and nonacupoint, only the PC6 group showed a significant improvement in relative heart rate as compared to that of the model group. There was no significant difference between the relative heart rate of other EA groups and that of the model group. Historical results also showed that the ratio of degranulated mast cells in PC6 was significantly higher than other acupoints and control points. From the results of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a transient elevation of adenosine concentration during EA was only observed on acupoints and control points ( P < 0.05 ) along the pericardium meridian. The EA-induced adjustment on acute bradycardia exhibits a relative specificity of acupoints, which may be related to mast cell degranulation and adenosine release in local acupoint areas. Increased degranulation of mast cells and augmentation of adenosine release during EA may be the mechanisms for PC6 having significantly better acupuncture effects than other acupoints and nonacupoints.

scholarly journals Mast cell phenotypes in the allograft after lung transplantation

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 845-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Banga ◽  
Yingchun Han ◽  
Xiaofeng Wang ◽  
Fred H. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Cell Phenotypes

Mast Cell Phenotypes in the Allograft After Lung Transplantation.

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. S261 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Banga ◽  
M.M. Budev ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
F. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Cell Phenotypes

Histamine is involved in gastric vasodilation during acid back diffusion via activation of sensory neurons

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (3) ◽  
pp. G603-G611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Rydning ◽  
Oddveig Lyng ◽  
Sture Falkmer ◽  
Jon Erik Grønbech
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Back Diffusion ◽  
Mediator Systems ◽  
Rat Gastric Mucosa ◽  
And Control

Protective vasodilation during acid back diffusion into the rat gastric mucosa depends on activation of sensory neurons and mast cell degranulation with histamine release. We hypothesized that these two mediator systems interact and that histamine partly exerts its effect via sensory nerves. Gastric blood flow (GBF) and luminal histamine were measured in chambered stomachs, and mast cell numbers were assessed by morphometry. Ablation of sensory neurons and depletion of mast cells were produced by pretreatment with capsaicin or dexamethasone, respectively. Mucosal exposure to 1.5 M NaCl and then to pH 1.0 saline in ablated and control rats caused increased luminal histamine and reduced numbers of mast cells. Enterochromaffin-like cell marker pancreastatin remained unchanged. Only control rats responded with an increase in GBF. Capsaicin stimulation (640 μM) of the undamaged mucosa induced identical increase in GBF and unchanged mast cell mass in normal and dexamethasone-treated rats. Increase in GBF after topical exposure to histamine (30 mM) in rats pretreated with capsaicin or a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)1antagonist human CGRP8–37or exposed to the calcium pore blocker ruthenium red was less than one-half of that in control rats. These data suggest that mast cell-derived histamine is involved in gastric vasodilatation during acid back diffusion partly via sensory neurons.

Immunohistochemical Study on Distribution of Mast Cell Phenotypes in Human Laryngeal Mucosa: Evidence for Laryngeal Type I Allergy

2005 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhiko Ishida ◽  
Shigemichi Iwae ◽  
Takafumi Yoshida ◽  
Mutsuo Amatsu
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Deep Layer ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type I Allergy ◽  
Laryngeal Mucosa ◽  
Cell Phenotypes

It is controversial whether or not type I allergic reactions can occur in the human laryngeal mucosa. To clarify this issue, we studied the distribution of mast cell phenotypes in the human laryngeal mucosa using the immunohistochemical staining method with antihuman tryptase and chymase antibodies. A large number of mast cells are present in the superficial layer of subepithelial connective tissue (SECT) of the epiglottis, arytenoid, and subglottis. Although mast cells containing both tryptase and chymase are predominant in the deep layer of the SECT, the majority of mast cells containing tryptase alone are located in both the epithelial layer and the superficial layer of the SECT. We conclude that the human laryngeal mucosa has the potential to induce type I allergic reaction.

scholarly journals Infection of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis induces development of mucosal-type but not connective tissue-type mast cells in genetically mast cell-deficient Ws/Ws rats

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 2572-2578
Author(s):  
N Arizono ◽  
T Kasugai ◽  
M Yamada ◽  
M Okada ◽  
M Morimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Domain ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Kit Receptor ◽  
And Control

Ws/Ws rats have a small deletion at the tyrosine kinase domain of the c- kit gene and are deficient in both mucosal mast cells (MMC) and connective tissue-type mast cells (CTMC). The role of the c-kit receptor in the development of MMC and CTMC was investigated by infecting Ws/Ws and control +/+ rats with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (NB), which induces T-cell-dependent mast cell proliferation. Although mast cells did not develop in the skin of Ws/Ws rats, a significant number of mast cells developed in the jejunum after NB infection. These mast cells had the MMC protease phenotype (rat mast cell protease [RMCP] I-/II+) and lacked heparin because they were not stained with berberine sulfate. Globule leukocytes were also detected in the mucosal epithelium of these rats. However, the number of MMC and the serum concentration of RMCP II in NB-infected Ws/Ws rats were only 13% and 7% of those of NB-infected +/+ rats, respectively. A small number of mast cells also developed in the lung, liver, and mesenteric lymph nodes of Ws/Ws rats after NB infection. Although mast cells in these tissues had the MMC phenotype throughout the observation period, the increased mast cells in the lung and liver of +/+ rats acquired a CTMC-like phenotype and were RMCP I+/II+, berberine sulfate+, and formalin resistant. These results indicate that the need for the stimulus through the c-kit receptor appears to be greater in the development of CTMC in the skin as well as for CTMC-like mast cells in the lung and liver than for the development of MMC.

scholarly journals Infection of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis induces development of mucosal-type but not connective tissue-type mast cells in genetically mast cell-deficient Ws/Ws rats

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 2572-2578 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Arizono ◽  
T Kasugai ◽  
M Yamada ◽  
M Okada ◽  
M Morimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Domain ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Kit Receptor ◽  
And Control

Abstract Ws/Ws rats have a small deletion at the tyrosine kinase domain of the c- kit gene and are deficient in both mucosal mast cells (MMC) and connective tissue-type mast cells (CTMC). The role of the c-kit receptor in the development of MMC and CTMC was investigated by infecting Ws/Ws and control +/+ rats with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (NB), which induces T-cell-dependent mast cell proliferation. Although mast cells did not develop in the skin of Ws/Ws rats, a significant number of mast cells developed in the jejunum after NB infection. These mast cells had the MMC protease phenotype (rat mast cell protease [RMCP] I-/II+) and lacked heparin because they were not stained with berberine sulfate. Globule leukocytes were also detected in the mucosal epithelium of these rats. However, the number of MMC and the serum concentration of RMCP II in NB-infected Ws/Ws rats were only 13% and 7% of those of NB-infected +/+ rats, respectively. A small number of mast cells also developed in the lung, liver, and mesenteric lymph nodes of Ws/Ws rats after NB infection. Although mast cells in these tissues had the MMC phenotype throughout the observation period, the increased mast cells in the lung and liver of +/+ rats acquired a CTMC-like phenotype and were RMCP I+/II+, berberine sulfate+, and formalin resistant. These results indicate that the need for the stimulus through the c-kit receptor appears to be greater in the development of CTMC in the skin as well as for CTMC-like mast cells in the lung and liver than for the development of MMC.

Cytochemical analysis of mast cell granules after poly-dl-lysine action

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
R. Courtoy ◽  
L.J. Simar ◽  
J. Christophe
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Organic Bases ◽  
Ferric Thiocyanate ◽  
Cytochemical Analysis ◽  
Mast Cell Granule ◽  
Amine Liberation

Several chemical compounds induce amine liberation from mast cells but do not necessarily provoque the granule expulsion. For example, poly-dl-lysine induces modifications of the cellular membrane permeability which promotes ion exchange at the level of mast cell granules. Few of them are expulsed but the majority remains in the cytoplasm and appears less dense to the electrons. A cytochemical analysis has been performed to determine the composition of these granules after the polylysine action.We have previously reported that it was possible to demonstrate polyanions on epon thin sections using a cetylpyridinium ferric thiocyanate method. Organic bases are selectively stained with cobalt thiocyanate and the sulfhydryle groups are characterized with a silver methenamine reaction. These techniques permit to reveal the mast cell granule constituents, i.e. heparin, biogenic amines and basic proteins.

Magnesium and sulfur in mast cell and basophil granules of lower vertebrates in relation with histamine

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1596-1597
Author(s):  
Kenichi Takaya
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

Mast cell and basophil granules of the vertebrate contain heparin or related sulfated proteoglycans. Histamine is also present in mammalian mast cells and basophils. However, no histamine is detected in mast cell granules of the amphibian or fish, while it is shown in those of reptiles and birds A quantitative x-ray microanalysis of mast cell granules of fresh frozen dried ultrathin sections of the tongue of Wistar rats and tree frogs disclosed high concentrations of sulfur in rat mast cell granules and those of sulfur and magnesium in the tree frog granules. Their concentrations in tree frog mast cell granules were closely correlated (r=0.94).Fresh frozen dried ultrathin sections and fresh air-dried prints of the tree frog tongue and spleen and young red-eared turtle (ca. 6 g) spleen and heart blood were examined by a quantitative energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis (X-650, Kevex-7000) for the element constituents of the granules of mast cells and basophils. The specimens were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (80-200 kV) and followed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) under an analytical electron microscope (X-650) at an acceleration voltage of 40 kV and a specimen current of 0.2 nA. A spot analysis was performed in a STEM mode for 100 s at a specimen current of 2 nA on the mast cell and basophil granules and other areas of the cells. Histamine was examined by the o-phthalaldehyde method.

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