A Simple Versatile Method for Measuring Tail Cuff Systolic Blood Pressure in Conscious Rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Widdop ◽  
Xiao C. Li
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Electric Pulse ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Tail Cuff ◽  
Piezo Electric

1. The non-invasive measurement of tail cuff systolic blood pressure in conscious rats is routinely used in long-term cardiovascular studies. There are a number of commercially available tail cuff systems, however, these apparatus are generally expensive and are dedicated for single-task operations. In the present study, a simple method for measuring systolic blood pressure, which requires only minor modifications to the existing hardware found in most cardiovascular laboratories, is described. 2. Systolic blood pressure measurements were made in the conventional manner by determining the systolic blood pressure which coincided with the restoration of the caudal artery pulse. This was achieved by using an inexpensive piezo-electric pulse transducer to detect the pulse, and this was coupled to a standard data-aquisition system (MacLab®, ADInstruments) normally set up to record blood pressure. This method was compared with another established tail cuff method, as well as with direct intra-arterial recordings. 3. It was found that the results obtained using both tail cuff systems were in good agreement when systolic blood pressure was measured in Wistar—Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats. In addition, systolic blood pressure was measured over 4 weeks in 2K1C rats and sham-operated rats, with both tail cuff methods producing similar results, which were not significantly different from direct intra-arterial recordings in the same animals. 4. Thus, in the present study, with only minor modifications, the same equipment was used for both direct and indirect determinations of systolic blood pressure. This situation differs from other conventional tail cuff systems since these items are designed for a single purpose. Therefore, the current method using piezo-electric sensor/MacLab®-technology should be viewed as a relatively simple, flexible and cheap alternative method to measure tail cuff systolic blood pressure in conscious rats.

Metformin decreases plasma insulin levels and systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (4) ◽  
pp. H1250-H1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Verma ◽  
S. Bhanot ◽  
J. H. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Metformin Treatment ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

To determine the relationship between hyperinsulinemia and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), the antihyperglycemic agent metformin was administered to SHR and their Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls, and its effects on plasma insulin levels and blood pressure were examined. Five-week-old rats were started on oral metformin treatment (350 mg.kg-1.day-1, which was gradually increased to 500 mg.kg-1.day-1 over a 2-wk period). Metformin treatment caused sustained decreases in plasma insulin levels in the SHR (27.1 +/- 2.3 vs. untreated SHR 53.5 +/- 2.7 microU/ml, P < 0.001) without having any effect in the WKY (30.7 +/- 2.2 vs. untreated WKY 37.8 +/- 1.6 microU/ml, P > 0.05). The treatment did not affect the plasma glucose levels in any group. Metformin treatment also attenuated the increase in systolic blood pressure in the SHR (157 +/- 6.0 vs. untreated SHR 196 +/- 9.0 mmHg, P < 0.001) but had no effect in the WKY (134 +/- 3 vs. untreated WKY 136 +/- 4 mmHg, P > 0.05). Furthermore, raising plasma insulin levels in the metformin-treated SHR to levels that existed in the untreated SHR reversed the effect of metformin on blood pressure (189 +/- 3 vs. untreated SHR 208 +/- 5.0 mmHg, P > 0.05). These findings suggest that either hyperinsulinemia may contribute toward the increase in blood pressure in the SHR or that the underlying mechanism is closely associated with the expression of both these disorders.

scholarly journals A SIMPLE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE OF THE UNANESTHETIZED RAT 1

1939 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Williams ◽  
T. R. Harrison ◽  
A. Grollman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Simple Method

Vasopressin in the rat with spontaneous hypertension

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (4) ◽  
pp. H361-H366 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Crofton ◽  
L. Share ◽  
R. E. Shade ◽  
C. Allen ◽  
D. Tarnowski
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Wky Rats ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

Because vasopressin is one of the most potent naturally occurring pressor agents, and because of its importance in the regulation of blood volume and composition, we have undertaken a study of the role of vasopressin in the pathogenesis of the hypertension in the Okamoto-Aoki spontaneously hypertension (SH) rat. In SH rats, systolic blood pressure increased from 135 +/- 3 (SE) mmHg at age 33 days to 184 +/- 3 mmHg at age 75 days (P less than 0.01). In the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) control rats, blood pressure increased from 100 +/- 2 to 120 +/- 2 mmHg (P less than 0.01). The differences in blood pressure between the SH and WKY rats at all ages were significant (P less than 0.01). During the age period 33-75 days, the 24-h urinary excretion of vasopressin in the SH rat was consistently more than twofold greater (P less than 0.01) than in the WKY rat. Plasma vasopressin concentration and pituitary vasopressin content were also elevated in the SH rat (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.02, respectively). Changes in systolic blood pressure in the SH rat, however, were not paralleled by changes in the urinary excretion of vasopressin. The data indicate that the secretion of vasopressin is elevated in the SH rat. However, the magnitude of this elevation, in and of itself, may not be sufficient to account for the rising blood pressure in the young SH rat.

Tail-cuff method for measuring systolic blood pressure in squirrel monkeys

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Sia ◽  
Elias Schwam ◽  
William Mann ◽  
Jerry Sepinwall
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Tail Cuff

RNA interference targeting the ACE gene reduced blood pressure and improved myocardial remodelling in SHRs

2009 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhua He ◽  
Yunfei Bian ◽  
Fen Gao ◽  
Maolian Li ◽  
Ling Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Wky Rats ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects on blood pressure and myocardial hypertrophy in SHRs (spontaneously hypertensive rats) of RNAi (RNA interference) targeting ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme). SHRs were treated with normal saline as vehicle controls, with Ad5-EGFP as vector controls, and with recombinant adenoviral vectors Ad5-EGFP-ACE-shRNA, carrying shRNA (small hairpin RNA) for ACE as ACE-RNAi. WKY (Wistar–Kyoto) rats were used as normotensive controls treated with normal saline. The systolic blood pressure of the caudal artery was recorded. Serum levels of ACE and AngII (angiotensin II) were determined using ELISA. ACE mRNA and protein levels were determined in aorta, myocardium, kidney and lung. On day 32 of the experiment, the heart was pathologically examined. The ratios of heart weight/body weight and left ventricular weight/body weight were calculated. The serum concentration of ACE was lower in ACE-RNAi rats (16.37±3.90 ng/ml) compared with vehicle controls and vector controls (48.26±1.50 ng/ml and 46.67±2.82 ng/ml respectively; both P&lt;0.05), but comparable between ACE-RNAi rats and WKY rats (14.88±3.15 ng/ml; P&gt;0.05). The serum concentration of AngII was also significantly lower in ACE-RNAi rats (18.24±3.69 pg/ml) compared with vehicle controls and vector controls (46.21±5.06 pg/ml and 44.93±4.12 pg/ml respectively; both P&lt;0.05), but comparable between ACE-RNAi rats and WKY rats (16.06±3.11 pg/ml; P&gt;0.05). The expression of ACE mRNA and ACE protein were significantly reduced in the myocardium, aorta, kidney and lung in ACE-RNAi rats compared with that in vehicle controls and in vector controls (all P&lt;0.05). ACE-RNAi treatment resulted in a reduction in systolic blood pressure by 22±3 mmHg and the ACE-RNAi-induced reduction lasted for more than 14 days. In contrast, blood pressure was continuously increased in the vehicle controls as well as in the vector controls. The ratios of heart weight/body weight and left ventricular weight/body weight were significantly lower in ACE-RNAi rats (3.12±0.23 mg/g and 2.24±0.19 mg/g) compared with the vehicle controls (4.29±0.24 mg/g and 3.21±0.13 mg/g; P&lt;0.05) and the vector controls (4.43±0.19 mg/g and 3.13±0.12 mg/g; P&lt;0.05). The conclusion of the present study is that ACE-silencing had significant antihypertensive effects and reversed hypertensive-induced cardiac hypertrophy in SHRs, and therefore RNAi might be a new strategy in controlling hypertension.

Normoprolactinaemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats: absence of a close relationship between plasma concentrations of prolactin and systolic blood pressure

1990 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Aguilar ◽  
M. L. Rodríguez-Padilla ◽  
L. Pinilla
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

ABSTRACT Prolactin has been involved in different types of hypertension both in man and in rats. In an attempt to substantiate this hypothesis, we have analysed the correlation between plasma concentrations of prolactin and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in female and male rats from spontaneously hypertensive (SH) and normotensive Wistar–Kyoto strains (30, 60 and 90 days old), as well as in adult female Wistar rats rendered hyperprolactinaemic by the administration of 100 μg testosterone propionate on day 1 of life, or adult males with low plasma concentrations of prolactin after administration of bromocriptine (4 mg/kg per day) over 15 days. Our results indicate a lack of correlation between plasma concentrations of prolactin and SBP since plasma concentrations of prolactin were normal in male and female SH rats and hyper- and hypoprolactinaemia did not affect SBP. In spite of these normal plasma concentrations of prolactin, SH rats showed subtle changes in the secretion of this hormone in vitro and in vivo in response to exogenous serotonin administration and to immobilization. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 125, 359–364

Exercise alters cardiovascular and renal pregnancy adaptations in female rats born small on a high-fat diet

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayana Mahizir ◽  
Jessica F. Briffa ◽  
Kristina Anevska ◽  
Glenn D. Wadley ◽  
Karen M. Mortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

Intrauterine growth restriction programs adult cardiorenal disease, which may be exacerbated by pregnancy and obesity. Importantly, exercise has positive cardiovascular effects. This study determined if high-fat-feeding exacerbates the known adverse cardiorenal adaptations to pregnancy in rats born small and whether endurance exercise can prevent these complications. Uteroplacental insufficiency was induced by bilateral uterine vessel ligation (Restricted) or sham (Control) surgery on embryonic day 18 (E18) in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Female offspring consumed a Chow or High-fat-diet (HFD) from weaning and were randomly allocated an exercise protocol at 16 weeks; Sedentary, Exercised before and during pregnancy (Exercise), or Exercised during pregnancy only (PregEx). Systolic blood pressure was measured pre-pregnancy and rats were mated at 20 weeks. During pregnancy, systolic blood pressure (E18) and renal function (E19) were assessed. Sedentary HFD Control females had increased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) compared to Chow. Compared to Control, Sedentary Restricted females had increased eGFR, which was not influenced by HFD. Renal function was not affected by exercise and pre-pregnancy blood pressure was not altered. Restricted Chow-fed dams and dams fed a high-fat-diet had a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure during late gestation, which was only prevented by Exercise. In summary, high-fat fed females born small are at a greater risk of altered cardiorenal adaptations to pregnancy. Although cardiovascular dysfunction was prevented by Exercise, renal dysfunction was not affected by exercise interventions. This study highlights that modifiable risk factors can have beneficial effects in the mother during pregnancy, which may impact fetal growth and development.

scholarly journals Effects of hypertension on maternal adaptations to pregnancy: experimental study on spontaneously hypertensive rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Peraçoli ◽  
Marilza Vieira Cunha Rudge ◽  
Maria Salete Sartori ◽  
Roberto Jorge da Silva Franco
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Sodium Retention ◽  
Shr Rats ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Wky Rats ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Tail Cuff

CONTEXT: Animal models for essential hypertension have been used for understanding the human pathological conditions observed in pregnant hypertensive women. OBJECTIVE: To study the possible effects of pregnancy on hypertension and of hypertension on pregnancy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and in their normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) counterparts. TYPE OF STUDY: Comparative study using laboratory animals. SETTING: Animal Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine at the Medical School of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Brazil. SAMPLE: Ten to twelve-week-old virgin female normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The animals were separated into four groups: 15 pregnant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-P), 10 non-pregnant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-NP), 15 pregnant normotensive rats (WKY-P), and 10 non-pregnant normotensive rats (WKY-NP). MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The blood pressure was evaluated by the tail cuff method, in rats either with or without prior training for the handling necessary for tail cuff measurements. The maternal volemia expansion was indirectly evaluated by weight gain, and by systemic parameters as hematocrit, hemoglobin, total protein, albumin and sodium retention. The perinatal outcome of pregnancy was evaluated by analysis of resorptions, litter size, rate of low weight and number of stillbirths. RESULTS: The late fall in blood pressure in the pregnant SHR strain and in the normotensive WKY strain can only be detected in rats previously trained to accept the handling necessary for the tail cuff measurement. During pregnancy the body weight gain was significantly higher in WKY than in SHR rats. Systemic parameters were significantly lower in pregnant WKY rats than in non-pregnant WKY rats, while no differences were observed between pregnant and non-pregnant SHR groups. In pregnant WKY rats the sodium retention was higher from the 13th day onwards, while in SHR rats this occurred only on the 21st day. The characteristics of reproductive function such as number and weight of fetus, perinatal mortality and the resorption rate were significantly affected in the SHR strain. CONCLUSION: The SHR strain may be considered as a model for chronic hypovolemic maternal hypertension, with the fetal growth retardation being determined by this hypovolemic state.

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