PAFR in adipose tissue macrophages is associated with anti-inflammatory phenotype and metabolic homoeostasis

We found an essential role for PAFR in adipose tissue macrophages. PAFR deficiency leads to infiltration of pro-inflammatory macrophages in the adipose tissue, weight gain, reduced glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin resistance, followed by hepatic steatosis.

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Resistant starch improves insulin resistance and reduces adipose tissue weight and CD11c expression in the adipose tissues of OLETF rats (1030.2)

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1030.2 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Toshinao Goda ◽

Tomomi Harazaki ◽

Seiya Inoue ◽

Chihiro Imai ◽

Kazuki Mochizuki

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Resistant Starch ◽

Adipose Tissues ◽

Oletf Rats ◽

Tissue Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue Weight

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Primary Causes of Adipose Tissue Weight Gain

Bariatric Endocrinology ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-95655-8_9 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 157-172

Author(s):

Yi-Hao Yu ◽

Jila Kaberi-Otarod

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Tissue Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue Weight

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Resistant starch improves insulin resistance and reduces adipose tissue weight and CD11c expression in rat OLETF adipose tissue

Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.nut.2013.10.020 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 590-595 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Tomomi Harazaki ◽

Seiya Inoue ◽

Chihiro Imai ◽

Kazuki Mochizuki ◽

Toshinao Goda

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Resistant Starch ◽

Tissue Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue Weight

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Effective Suppression of Adipose Tissue Weight Gain in High-fat Diet-fed Mice by 'Benifuuki' Green Tea Consumption

Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi ◽

10.3136/nskkk.56.403 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 56 (7) ◽

pp. 403-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hiroyuki Inagaki ◽

Masanori Sugitani ◽

Yuko Setoguchi ◽

Ryouichi Ito ◽

Yukihiro Oritani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Green Tea ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Tea Consumption ◽

High Fat ◽

Tissue Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue Weight ◽

Effective Suppression

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Varying Protein Quantity and Quality in the Maternal Diet During the Perinatal Period Affects Growth and Adiposity Risk in Female Adult Offspring in Rats (OR09-03-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz041.or09-03-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Gabrielle Carlin ◽

Catherine Chaumontet ◽

Corine Delteil ◽

Andrea Kodde ◽

Bert van de Heijning ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Perinatal Period ◽

Protein Source ◽

Adult Offspring ◽

Tissue Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue Weight

Abstract Objectives Maternal diet in the perinatal period can program health of adult offspring. This study evaluates the consequences of maternal dietary protein quality and quantity during gestation and lactation on overweight risk in female offspring subjected to dietary self-selection (DSS). Methods Six groups of rat dams were fed a high-protein (HP; 47% protein) or normal protein (NP; 19% protein) isocaloric diet during gestation. Protein sources of HP and NP diets were either milk (M), pea (P), or turkey (T)-derived. During lactation, dams were fed NP diet containing the protein source as fed during pregnancy. From postnatal day (PND) 28 to 70, pups (n = 8 per group) were exposed to DSS with a choice between five cups containing either: HP-M, HP-P, HP-T diets, or only carbohydrates or only lipids. Pups’ weight gain and food intake were recorded daily. Body composition, fasting plasma insulin and leptin levels were assessed at the end of the study (PND70). Results During lactation, pups’ weight gain was lower in the “turkey and pea” compared to “milk” group (P < 0.0001), resulting in a lower weight gain in the “pea” compared to “milk” group at the end of the lactation period (PND28; P < 0.0001). Body weight gain from PND28 to 70 was also lower in the “pea and turkey “compared to “milk” group (P < 0.0001). Total food intake throughout the postweaning period, was lower in the “pea and turkey” compared to “milk” group (P < 0.05). At PND70, body composition was affected by (i) the maternal protein source showing a lower adipose tissue weight in the “pea and turkey” compared to “milk” group (P = 0.01), but also by (ii) the maternal protein quantity showing increased adipose tissue weight (≥16%) in HP compared to NP gestation groups (P = 0.03) (figure 1), regardless of the protein source in the maternal diet. In accordance with the increased adipose tissue weight in HP groups, fasting plasma leptin levels were significantly higher in HP compared to NP gestation groups (P < 0.05). Plasma insulin levels were not affected. Conclusions Dietary protein source during gestation and lactation directly affected weight gain of the offspring after weaning and at adulthood. HP diet during gestation resulted in a higher adiposity in the offspring, independent of the protein source. Funding Sources This thesis work was partly funded by Danone Nutricia Research. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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Inhibiting LXRα phosphorylation in hematopoietic cells reduces inflammation and attenuates atherosclerosis and obesity in mice

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-01925-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maud Voisin ◽

Elina Shrestha ◽

Claire Rollet ◽

Cyrus A. Nikain ◽

Tatjana Josefs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Hematopoietic Cells ◽

Adaptive Immune Cells ◽

Adipose Tissue Macrophages ◽

Lower Body Weight ◽

Inflammatory Phenotype ◽

Obesity In Mice ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Macrophages

AbstractAtherosclerosis and obesity share pathological features including inflammation mediated by innate and adaptive immune cells. LXRα plays a central role in the transcription of inflammatory and metabolic genes. LXRα is modulated by phosphorylation at serine 196 (LXRα pS196), however, the consequences of LXRα pS196 in hematopoietic cell precursors in atherosclerosis and obesity have not been investigated. To assess the importance of LXRα phosphorylation, bone marrow from LXRα WT and S196A mice was transplanted into Ldlr−/− mice, which were fed a western diet prior to evaluation of atherosclerosis and obesity. Plaques from S196A mice showed reduced inflammatory monocyte recruitment, lipid accumulation, and macrophage proliferation. Expression profiling of CD68+ and T cells from S196A mouse plaques revealed downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes and in the case of CD68+ upregulation of mitochondrial genes characteristic of anti-inflammatory macrophages. Furthermore, S196A mice had lower body weight and less visceral adipose tissue; this was associated with transcriptional reprograming of the adipose tissue macrophages and T cells, and resolution of inflammation resulting in less fat accumulation within adipocytes. Thus, reducing LXRα pS196 in hematopoietic cells attenuates atherosclerosis and obesity by reprogramming the transcriptional activity of LXRα in macrophages and T cells to promote an anti-inflammatory phenotype.

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Honokiol Improves Insulin Resistance, Hepatic Steatosis, and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetic db/db Mice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20092303 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 2303 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Young-Je Kim ◽

Un Ju Jung

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Hepatic Steatosis ◽

Lipogenic Enzymes ◽

Tissue Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue Weight ◽

Plasma Leptin ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

This study focuses on the effect of honokiol (HON) on glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were fed a normal diet with or without HON (0.02%, w/w) or pioglitazone (PIO, anti-diabetic agent, 0.01%, w/w) for 5 weeks. Blood biomarker, tissue morphology and enzymatic and genetic parameters were determined. PIO significantly decreased food intake, fasting blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, but markedly increased body weight, adipose tissue weight, and plasma leptin levels. HON did not significantly affect food intake, body weight, or levels of plasma leptin and blood glucose. However, HON led to significant decreases in adipose tissue weight, plasma insulin, blood HbA1c and HOMA-IR levels and improved glucose tolerance. The anti-diabetic and anti-adiposity effects of HON were partially related to the inhibition of gluconeogenic enzymes and their mRNA expression in the liver; and the inhibition of lipogenic enzymes in adipose tissue, respectively. Unlike PIO, HON did not affect dyslipidemia, but ameliorated hepatic steatosis by inhibiting hepatic lipogenic enzymes activity. Moreover, HON exhibited anti-inflammatory effects similar to PIO. These results suggest that HON can protect against type 2 diabetes by improving insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammation.

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Secondary Causes of Adipose Tissue Weight Gain

Bariatric Endocrinology ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-95655-8_10 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 173-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel L. Hurley

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Tissue Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue Weight ◽

Secondary Causes

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Anti-Obesity and Hypocholesterolemic Actions of Protamine-Derived Peptide RPR (Arg-Pro-Arg) and Protamine in High-Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6J Mice

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082501 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2501

Author(s):

Maihemuti Mijiti ◽

Ryosuke Mori ◽

Bingyu Huang ◽

Kenichiro Tsukamoto ◽

Keisuke Kiriyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Fecal Excretion ◽

Control Group ◽

High Fat ◽

Tissue Weight ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Adipose Tissue Weight ◽

Fas Mrna ◽

Hypocholesterolemic Peptide

Dietary protamine can ameliorate hyperlipidemia; however, the protamine-derived active peptide and its hypolipidemic mechanism of action are unclear. Here, we report the discovery of a novel anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic peptide, RPR (Arg-Pro-Arg), derived from protamine in mice fed a high-fat diet for 50 days. Serum cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the protamine and RPR groups than in the control group. White adipose tissue weight was significantly decreased in the protamine and RPR groups. The fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acid was significantly higher in the protamine and RPR groups than in the control group. We also observed a significant decrease in the expression of hepatic SCD1, SREBP1, and adipocyte FAS mRNA, and significantly increased expression of hepatic PPARα and adipocyte PPARγ1 mRNA in the protamine group. These findings demonstrate that the anti-obesity effects of protamine are linked to the upregulation of adipocyte PPARγ1 and hepatic PPARα and the downregulation of hepatic SCD1 via SREBP1 and adipocyte FAS. RPR derived from protamine has a crucial role in the anti-obesity action of protamine by evaluating the effective dose of adipose tissue weight loss.

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