Phenotypical heterogeneity linked to adipose tissue dysfunction in patients with Type 2 diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (19) ◽  
pp. 1753-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Barchetta ◽  
Francesco Angelico ◽  
Maria Del Ben ◽  
Michele Di Martino ◽  
Flavia Agata Cimini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fat Accumulation

Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation leads to increased free fatty acid (FFA) efflux and ectopic fat deposition, but whether AT dysfunction drives selective fat accumulation in specific sites remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between AT dysfunction, hepatic/pancreatic fat fraction (HFF, PFF) and the associated metabolic phenotype in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Sixty-five consecutive T2D patients were recruited at the Diabetes Centre of Sapienza University, Rome, Italy. The study population underwent clinical examination and blood sampling for routine biochemistry and calculation of insulin secretion [homoeostasis model assessment of insulin secretion (HOMA-β%)] and insulin-resistance [homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adipose tissue insulin resistance (ADIPO-IR)] indexes. Subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) AT area, HFF and PFF were determined by magnetic resonance. Some 55.4% of T2D patients had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); they were significantly younger and more insulin-resistant than non-NAFLD subjects. ADIPO-IR was the main determinant of HFF independently of age, sex, HOMA-IR, VAT, SAT and predicted severe NAFLD with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC)=0.796 (95% confidence interval: 0.65–0.94, P=0.001). PFF was independently associated with increased total adiposity but did not correlate with AT dysfunction, insulin resistance and secretion or NAFLD. The ADIPO-IR index was capable of predicting NAFLD independently of all confounders, whereas it did not seem to be related to intrapancreatic fat deposition; unlike HFF, higher PFF was not associated with relevant alterations in the metabolic profile. In conclusion, the presence and severity of AT dysfunction may drive ectopic fat accumulation towards specific targets, such as VAT and liver, therefore evaluation of AT dysfunction may contribute to the identification of different risk profiles among T2D patients.

scholarly journals Decreased Plasma Maresin 1 Concentration Is Associated with Diabetic Foot Ulcer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Miao ◽  
Bangliang Huang ◽  
Niexia He ◽  
Lihua Sun ◽  
Guangsheng Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment

Aims. To assess the maresin 1 (MaR1) contents in type 2 diabetic patients with or without diabetic foot ulcer and to analyze the association of MaR1 concentrations with several metabolism-related parameters. Methods. Plasma MaR1 concentrations were analyzed in 96 subjects with normal glucose tolerant (NC, n=43), type 2 diabetes (T2DM, n=40), or diabetic foot ulcer (DFU, n=13). The intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and biochemical parameters were measured in all participants. Results. Plasma MaR1 concentrations were significant decreased in type 2 diabetes patient with or without DFU compared with NC (both P<0.001) and were lowest in DFU patients among these 3 groups. (DFU vs. T2DM, P<0.05). Plasma MaR1 concentrations were negatively correlated with BMI, waist circumference (Wc), waist hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), LDL-c, FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (all P<0.05) and were positively correlated with HDL-c, acute insulin response (AIR), area under the curve of the first-phase (0-10 min) insulin secretion (AUC), and homeostasis model assessment for beta-cell function (HOMA-β) (all P<0.05). After adjusting for age and sex, Wc, WHR, TG, FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, AIR, AUC, and HOMA-β remain statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions. Plasma MaR1 concentration were decreased in T2DM with or without DFUs and were the lowest in DFU patients. The decreased plasma MaR1 strongly associated with obesity, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, reduced first-phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and enhanced insulin resistance.

1516-P: A Comparison of the Contributions of Impaired Insulin Secretion and Insulin Resistance to the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in a Japanese Community: The Hisayama Study

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1516-P
Author(s):  
MASAHITO YOSHINARI ◽  
YOICHIRO HIRAKAWA ◽  
JUN HATA ◽  
MAYU HIGASHIOKA ◽  
TAKANORI HONDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Impaired Insulin Secretion ◽  
Impaired Insulin

1463-P: Relationship between Hepatic and Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance with Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1463-P
Author(s):  
SRILAXMI KALAVALAPALLI ◽  
ROMINA LOMONACO ◽  
EDDISON GODINEZ ◽  
NADA FANOUS ◽  
LAZARO J. TEJERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Echinops Spp. Polysaccharide B Ameliorates Metabolic Abnormalities in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
Guang Hao ◽  
Xiaoyu Ma ◽  
Mengru Jiang ◽  
Zhenzhen Gao ◽  
Ying Yang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Insulin Receptor Substrate ◽  
Sprague Dawley

This study examined the in vivo effects of Echinops spp. polysaccharide B on type 2 diabetes mellitus in Sprague-Dawley rats. We constructed a type 2 diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat models by feeding a high-fat and high-sugar diet plus intraperitoneal injection of a small dose of streptozotocin. Using this diabetic rat model, different doses of Echinops polysaccharide B were administered orally for seven weeks. Groups receiving Xiaoke pill and metformin served as positive controls. The results showed that Echinops polysaccharide B treatment normalized the weight and blood sugar levels in the type 2 diabetes mellitus rats, increased muscle and liver glycogen content, improved glucose tolerance, increased insulin secretion, and reduced glucagon and insulin resistance indices. More importantly, Echinops polysaccharide B treatment upregulated the expression of insulin receptor in the liver, skeletal muscles, and pancreas, and significantly improved the expression levels of insulin receptor substrate-2 protein in the liver and pancreas, as well as it increased insulin receptor substrate-1 expression in skeletal muscles. These two proteins play crucial roles in increasing insulin secretion and in controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus. The findings of the present study suggest that Echinops polysaccharide B could improve the status of diabetes in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats, which may be achieved by improving insulin resistance. Our study provides a new insight into the development of a natural drug for the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Visceral Adiposity Index is associated with Insulin Resistance, impaired Insulin Secretion, and β-cell dysfunction in subjects at risk for Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 100013
Author(s):  
Froylan David Martínez-Sánchez ◽  
Valerie Paola Vargas-Abonce ◽  
Andrea Rocha-Haro ◽  
Romina Flores-Cardenas ◽  
Milagros Fernández-Barrio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Visceral Adiposity Index ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Impaired Insulin

scholarly journals Modelling ethnic differences in the distribution of insulin resistance via Bayesian nonparametric processes: an application to the SABRE cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Molinari ◽  
Maria de Iorio ◽  
Nishi Chaturvedi ◽  
Alun Hughes ◽  
Therese Tillin
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mcmc Methods ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Bayesian Nonparametric ◽  
Nonparametric Prior ◽  
Posterior Inference ◽  
Regression Framework ◽  
Analyse Data

AbstractWe analyse data from the Southall And Brent REvisited (SABRE) tri-ethnic study, where measurements of metabolic and anthropometric variables have been recorded. In particular, we focus on modelling the distribution of insulin resistance which is strongly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. We propose the use of a Bayesian nonparametric prior to model the distribution of Homeostasis Model Assessment insulin resistance, as it allows for data-driven clustering of the observations. Anthropometric variables and metabolites concentrations are included as covariates in a regression framework. This strategy highlights the presence of sub-populations in the data, characterised by different levels of risk of developing type 2 diabetes across ethnicities. Posterior inference is performed through Markov Chains Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods.

scholarly journals Hyperinsulinemia and Its Pivotal Role in Aging, Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7797
Author(s):  
Joseph A. M. J. L. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Insulin Clearance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Clearance

For many years, the dogma has been that insulin resistance precedes the development of hyperinsulinemia. However, recent data suggest a reverse order and place hyperinsulinemia mechanistically upstream of insulin resistance. Genetic background, consumption of the “modern” Western diet and over-nutrition may increase insulin secretion, decrease insulin pulses and/or reduce hepatic insulin clearance, thereby causing hyperinsulinemia. Hyperinsulinemia disturbs the balance of the insulin–GH–IGF axis and shifts the insulin : GH ratio towards insulin and away from GH. This insulin–GH shift promotes energy storage and lipid synthesis and hinders lipid breakdown, resulting in obesity due to higher fat accumulation and lower energy expenditure. Hyperinsulinemia is an important etiological factor in the development of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and premature mortality. It has been further hypothesized that nutritionally driven insulin exposure controls the rate of mammalian aging. Interventions that normalize/reduce plasma insulin concentrations might play a key role in the prevention and treatment of age-related decline, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Caloric restriction, increasing hepatic insulin clearance and maximizing insulin sensitivity are at present the three main strategies available for managing hyperinsulinemia. This may slow down age-related physiological decline and prevent age-related diseases. Drugs that reduce insulin (hyper) secretion, normalize pulsatile insulin secretion and/or increase hepatic insulin clearance may also have the potential to prevent or delay the progression of hyperinsulinemia-mediated diseases. Future research should focus on new strategies to minimize hyperinsulinemia at an early stage, aiming at successfully preventing and treating hyperinsulinemia-mediated diseases.

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