Variations in Velopharyngeal Closure Assessed by Endoscopy

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Zwitman ◽  
Judith C. Sonderman ◽  
Paul H. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Speech Sample ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure

Velopharyngeal closure may be observed directly with a laryngeal telescope 6 mm in diameter. The speech sample used during the endoscopic examination should include several repetitions of a plosive consonant to insure sustained closure. Thirty-four normal subjects were observed, and the percentage of occurrence in four categories of velar and lateral wall approximation was calculated and categorized. To confirm the observations, cineradiographic (lateral and submentovertical projections) and telescopic observations were compared. Parallel observations were made for both methods. The procedure for using the telescope is explained, and issues relating to interpretation of telescopic observations are discussed.

scholarly journals Pedunculated Cavernous Hemangioma Originating in the Olfactory Cleft

2014 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. E29-E33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiming Su ◽  
Weitian Zhang ◽  
Haibo Shi ◽  
Shankai Yin
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Cavernous Hemangioma ◽  
English Language ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma ◽  
Olfactory Cleft ◽  
First Case

Sinonasal cavernous hemangioma is a rare condition that usually affects the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. We report the case of a 77-year-old man who presented with severe epistaxis, nasal congestion, and olfactory dysfunction. Endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity revealed the presence of a red-blue tumor that had almost completely filled the nasopharynx. Preoperatively, it was difficult to distinguish this lesion from a juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. During endoscopic surgery, the tumor was found to originate in the left olfactory cleft, and it had a long peduncle that contained blood vessels. Postoperative histopathologic examination indicated that the mass was a cavernous hemangioma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of an olfactory cleft cavernous hemangioma and the first case of olfactory cleft disease associated with a cavernous hemangioma to be reported in the English-language literature.

scholarly journals Unusual glomus tumor of the bladder: a rare case report and literature review

BMC Urology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Chen ◽  
Bin Lai ◽  
Xiaoyan Su ◽  
Jiwei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Glomus Tumor ◽  
Polypoid Lesion ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Glomus tumor (GT), which are neoplasms of the glomus body, usually occur in the extremities, particularly under the nail bed. GT occurring in the bladder is very rare and has been reported as sporadic. In the present study, a rare case of bladder GT is reported and its clinical and histopathological characteristics are summarized by literature review. Case presentation A 57-year-old woman presented with intermittent gross hematuria for 2 years. Urinalysis displayed hematuria. The bladder ultrasound showed an avascular and homogeneous isoechoic polypoid mass with a maximum diameter of 6 mm at the right lateral wall of bladder. The bladder endoscopic examination showed a polypoid lesion, with a smooth surface, located in the right lateral wall. Then, a transurethral resection was performed, its histopathological features indicated a benign GT. Conclusions GT arising in the bladder is extremely rare, and only four cases have been identified in studies reported in English. It is difficult to diagnose bladder GTs according to their clinical features. The gold standard method used for their diagnosis is histopathology. However, it should also be considered in the differential diagnosis for bladder mass.

Observation of Velopharyngeal Closure Patterns following Isolated Stimulation of Levator Veli Palatini and Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikihiko Kogo ◽  
Munehiro Hamaguchi ◽  
Tokuzo Matsuya
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Levator Veli Palatini ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles ◽  
Peripheral Motor ◽  
Stimulation Of

This study, using mongrel dogs, showed the individual movements caused by the levator veli palatini muscle (LVP) and pharyngeal constrictor (PC) contraction, induced by electrical stimulation to each peripheral motor nerve. Each bilateral peripheral motor nerve of the LVP and PC muscles was isolated and stimulated electrically to induce the individual contraction of bilateral LVP and PC muscles. The movements were visualized by use of a fiberscope. Vertical movement of the middle soft palate was observed mainly at LVP contraction. Circular closure in the posterior region of the velopharynx was induced by contraction of the PC muscle. The posterior and lateral wall movements clearly occurred following PC contraction.

Predictability as an Index of Impaired Verbal Communication in Schizophrenic and Affective Disorders

1983 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 578-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Barnett Ragin ◽  
Thomas F. Oltmanns
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Speech Sample ◽  
Cloze Procedure ◽  
Language And Communication ◽  
Patient Groups

SummaryThe cloze procedure was used to examine predictability in speech samples from schizophrenic, depressive, manic, schizoaffective and normal subjects. Each speech sample was also rated for particular indices of thought disorder using the Andreasen Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language and Communication. Schizophrenics were found to be less predictable than other patient groups or normals. Depressives were found to be the most predictable. Correlational analyses of cloze scores and specific thought disorder ratings suggest that reduced predictability is associated with traditional indicators of thought disorder.

Velopharyngeal Function: Some Important Differences

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally J. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Single Model ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure ◽  
Entire Complex ◽  
Speech Pathologists ◽  
Normal Speaker ◽  
Velopharyngeal Function

Although there is some evidence of differences in velopharyngeal function depending upon the type of subject and the nature of the task, many speech pathologists base clinical practice on a single model of that function. This project investigated patterns of velopharyngeal function on blowing and speech tasks performed by normal subjects, subjects with velopharyngeal competency for speech in the presence of palatal pathologies, and subjects with velopharyngeal incompetency for speech. Lateral cinefluorographic films were taken of each subject performing the designated tasks; measurements of velar height and velopharyngeal opening were derived from the steady-state portion of each task. Subjects with velopharyngeal incompetency for speech showed patterns of velar height and velopharyngeal opening which substantiated previous research indicating that the closure mechanisms of these speakers probably are not the same as those of speakers with velopharyngeal competency. The results are discussed with regard to (1) historically recommended nonspeech “exercises” for improvement of velopharyngeal closure and (2) a proposal that it may be misleading to view the speaker with incompetency simply as a case of “less-than-normal” velopharyngeal function. Such a speaker may, in fact, manifest an entire complex of neuromuscular patterns which is dissimilar from that of the normal speaker.

scholarly journals Nasendoscopic Findings of Velopharyngeal Sphincter in Operated Cleft Palate Patients: Is It Different than Normal Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (02) ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Akangsha Sharma ◽  
Shamendra Anand Sahu ◽  
Karoon Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complete Closure ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure

Abstract Objective This study was aimed for nasendoscopic assessment of velopharyngeal sphinteric closure in patients with operated cleft palate and to compare it with normal population. Design A cross-sectional study was done in a tertiary cleft care center in 30 patients with operated cleft palate after a minimum of 6 months of their surgery and 30 randomly selected volunteers with normal speech. Both groups were one-time evaluated by three observers using 70 degree rigid nasendoscope and/or pediatric fiber optic endoscope. Velopharyngeal sphincter closure characteristics in terms of pattern of closure, dominant element involved in the closure, degree of palatal movement, and completeness of the closure were evaluated, recorded, and compared between the groups. Results In both groups, the most common pattern of closure is coronal and soft palate is the dominant mobile element in velopharyngeal closure. All normal subjects showed complete closure of the sphincter with good soft palate movement. But only 50% of the operated patients with cleft showed complete closure and even less than them had good movements of the soft palate. Conclusions Although the pattern of the closure in the operated patients is similar to the normal subjects, the movement of the soft palate and completeness of the velopharyngeal sphincter closure still remain the problem in the operated palate patients.

Ultrasonic Measurement of Lateral Pharyngeal Wall Motion at Two Levels in the Vocal Tract

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Zagzebski
Keyword(s):  
Wall Motion ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Lateral Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Ultrasonic Time ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure ◽  
Displacement Pattern

Ultrasonic time-motion records of lateral pharyngeal wall motion have previously been derived from the level of the angle of the mandible. In the present study a comparison is made between lateral pharyngeal wall displacements monitored at this level and displacements monitored at the level of velopharyngeal closure. Ultrasonic records were derived from both vocal tract levels in three normal adult speakers during utterances containing high and low vowels as well as nasal and nonnasal consonants. Mesial displacements of the lateral pharyngeal wall were greater at the superior monitoring site than at the level of the angle of the mandible. In addition, the displacement pattern was found to differ between the two sites. Low pharyngeal wall displacements followed a low vowel versus high vowel pattern, with greater displacements for low vowel phonations. In contrast, high pharyngeal wall displacements exhibited a nasal versus nonnasal character with greater lateral wall motion in a nonnasal environment. The results indicate the two levels of the pharynx are subject to different muscular forces.

Duration of Oral Port Constriction in Normal and Cleft Palate Speech

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Warren ◽  
Stephen B. Mackler
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Sound Generation ◽  
Cleft Palate Speech ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure ◽  
Intraoral Pressure ◽  
Closure Group ◽  
Nasal Emission

Duration of constriction, determined from measurements of intraoral pressure, was studied in 25 cleft palate and 20 normal subjects. The cleft palate group consisted of 15 subjects who achieved adequate velopharyngeal closure and 10 subjects who did not. All subjects were able to produce the test consonants intelligibily. Results reveal that the duration of oral port constriction is longest in cleft palate speakers with adequate closure and shortest in normals. It is possible that increasing the duration of constriction may reinforce sound generation and thereby improve consonant perception. The shorter intervals of constriction observed in the inadequate closure group may be due to the increase in nasal emission which presumably results when oral port constriction is prolonged. Within each palate group voiceless fricative consonants exhibited the longest intervals of oral port constriction. This is presumed to be due to the need for sufficient airflow through the oral port in order to provide the necessary acoustic cues for perception of these voiceless sounds.

Chest Movements in Patients with Traumatic Injuries of the Cervical Cord

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Moulton ◽  
J. R. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Rib Cage ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Intercostal Muscles ◽  
Postural Effects ◽  
Normal Subject

1. The chest movements of three normal subjects and three patients with traumatic tetraplegia were studied with a specially designed caliper and correlated with the volume of air breathed while seated. 2. The chest movements of the tetraplegic patients were reduced; and there was paradoxical sucking in of the lateral wall of the rib cage. 3. The movements were estimated in a further normal subject and the three tetraplegic patients during tilting procedures (30° head up, horizontally and 30° head down); postural effects were observed in the apical and sternochondral regions of the tetraplegics. 4. These paradoxical movements appeared to be due to both the loss of the action of the paralysed intercostal muscles and the impairment of the action of the diaphragm secondary to the paralysis of intercostal and abdominal muscles.

Biomechanics of the deconditioned left ventricle

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (3) ◽  
pp. H1193-H1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Fogel ◽  
K. Gupta ◽  
B. C. Baxter ◽  
P. M. Weinberg ◽  
J. Haselgrove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Wall Motion ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Short Axis ◽  
Atrioventricular Valve ◽  
Septal Wall ◽  
Regional Strain ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Tagging ◽  
Normal Adults

To determine if strain and wall motion are enhanced in the left ventricle (LV) in a chronically afterload-reduced milieu, a magnetic resonance tagging technique was used to examine 19 subjects: 11 with transposition of the great arteries who have undergone an atrial inversion operation (TGA-LV, 11.6 +/- 4.3 yr postoperative) and eight normal adults. Finite strains (E1), regional twist, and radial motion were calculated at the atrioventricular valve and apical short axis levels in four anatomic wall regions. Strain was greatest in TGA-LV patients (-0.20 +/- 0.02 at the atrioventricular valve septal wall) and was significantly greater than controls in six out of eight regions. Marked differences were noted in the distribution of strain between TGA-LV and normal subjects as well as within the TGA-LV group. Ten of 11 LV of TGA-LV patients twisted clockwise in the lateral or inferior walls and counterclockwise in other walls (more counterclockwise than control subjects), whereas control LV twisted uniformly counterclockwise. The lateral wall of TGA-LV demonstrated the greatest radial inward motion, whereas controls demonstrated uniform radial inward motion. We conclude that the biomechanics of the LV faced with a chronic afterload reduction is enhanced; a marked increase in regional strain is observed in TGA-LV patients. Abnormalities in the distribution of strain were also observed. Markedly abnormal clockwise twist and increased lateral wall motion were demonstrated in TGA-LV patients.

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