Aerodynamic Studies of Cleft-Palate Speech

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Dickson ◽  
Saul Barron ◽  
Robert E. McGlone
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Cleft Palate Speech ◽  
Oral Pressure ◽  
Aerodynamic Parameters ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
Nasal Flow ◽  
Syllable Stress ◽  
Nasal Resonance

The aerodynamic oral-nasal factors related to the speech of two groups of cleft-palate children were evaluated. One group presented hypernasality and the other group presented normal nasal resonance. The aerodynamic parameters evaluated were oral pressure, nasal flow, and flow-pressure ratio (nasal flow/oral pressure). Oral temperature readings were also obtained. These parameters were evaluated under three conditions (1) blowing, (2) vocalizing the vowel /i/, and (3) reading eight sentences representing two different rhythm patterns, two types of consonant loadings, and two conditions of syllable stress. The findings revealed significant differences between the hypernasal and normal resonance groups in flow-pressure ratio, oral pressure, and nasal flow while subjects were reading sentences. However, only a small proportion of the variability in these aerodynamic measurements could be accounted for based on the classification of hypernasality or normal nasal resonance. Oral-nasal aerodynamic studies done during speaking activity are more useful clinically than blowing activity or saying vowel sounds. No aerodynamic differences were noted between the two groups for the different rhythm and stress patterns and phonemic loadings within the sentences used.

scholarly journals The use of Sanskrit, an ancient language, as a tool to evaluate cleft palate speech problems

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 91-93
Author(s):  
Gajiwala Kalpesh
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Speech Defect ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Cleft Palate Speech ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Inherent Advantage

ABSTRACTSpeech is a complex process. The evaluation of speech in an individual with cleft palate is difficult, and the existing classification of phonemes is complicated. Sanskrit, an ancient language, has an arrangement of alphabets that is orderly and scientific and therefore provides a simple means to understand the production of phonemes and memorize them. This article demonstrates the inherent advantage of this arrangement of Sanskrit alphabets to effectively analyze defective cleft palate speech and provides a tool for surgeons to decide a course of action in their routine clinical practice. Improved insight into the speech defect by the surgeon also facilitates better coordination with the speech language pathologist in assessment and treatment of a child with cleft palate.

Intraoral Pressure, Nasal Pressure and Airflow Rate in Cleft Palate Speech

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tellervo Laine ◽  
Donald W. Warren ◽  
Rodger M. Dalston ◽  
W. Michael Hairfield ◽  
Kathleen E. Morr
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Cleft Palate Speech ◽  
Compensatory Behaviors ◽  
Loss Of Resistance ◽  
Oral Pressure ◽  
Nasal Pressure ◽  
Intraoral Pressure

We have suggested that compensatory behaviors associated with cleft palate may be strategies developed for the purpose of satisfying the requirements of a speech regulating system. The purpose of the present study was to test this hypothesis in subjects demonstrating various degrees of velopharyngeal inadequacy. The pressure-flow technique was used to assess aerodynamic responses to a loss of velar resistance in 74 subjects compared to a control group of 137 subjects with adequate velopharyngeal closure. The results of this study demonstrate that as degree of inadequacy increased, airflow rate also increased. Although intraoral pressure fell as inadequacy increased, many subjects were able to maintain pressures above 3.0 cm H 2 0 by increasing airflow rate. Nasal pressure increased in proportion to the decrease in intraoral pressure While combined nasal plus oral pressure remained constant across groups. These findings suggest that a loss of resistance at the velar port is compensated by an increase in resistance at the nasal port. Airflow rate appears to be adjusted to total upper airway resistance. These findings support our contention that the speech system is constrained to meet aerodynamic requirements.

Holistic Communication Assessment for Young Children With Cleft Palate Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health:Children and Youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 914-938
Author(s):  
Anna Cronin ◽  
Sharynne McLeod ◽  
Sarah Verdon
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Case History ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Holistic Assessment

Purpose Children with a cleft palate (± cleft lip; CP±L) can have difficulties communicating and participating in daily life, yet speech-language pathologists typically focus on speech production during routine assessments. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY; World Health Organization, 2007 ) provides a framework for holistic assessment. This tutorial describes holistic assessment of children with CP±L illustrated by data collected from a nonclinical sample of seven 2- to 3-year-old children, 13 parents, and 12 significant others (e.g., educators and grandparents). Method Data were collected during visits to participants' homes and early childhood education and care centers. Assessment tools applicable to domains of the ICF-CY were used to collect and analyze data. Child participants' Body Functions including speech, language, and cognitive development were assessed using screening and standardized assessments. Participants' Body Structures were assessed via oral motor examination, case history questionnaires, and observation. Participants' Activities and Participation as well as Environmental and Personal Factors were examined through case history questionnaires, interviews with significant others, parent report measures, and observations. Results Valuable insights can be gained from undertaking holistic speech-language pathology assessments with children with CP±L. Using multiple tools allowed for triangulation of data and privileging different viewpoints, to better understand the children and their contexts. Several children demonstrated speech error patterns outside of what are considered cleft speech characteristics, which underscores the importance of a broader assessment. Conclusion Speech-language pathologists can consider incorporating evaluation of all components and contextual factors of the ICF-CY when assessing and working with young children with CP±L to inform intervention and management practices.

Errata

1966 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-208
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Ration Group

In the February 1966 issue of this journal, two errors occurred in Joan C. Pitzner’s and Hughlett L. Morris’s article “Articulation Skills and Adequacy of Breath Pressure Ratios of Children with Cleft Palate.” On page 29, the heading “Reality” should be “Reliability,” and on page 30, the heading “Pressure-Ration Group One” should be “Pressure-Ratio Group One.”

Special Considerations for Evaluation and Treatment of Spanish-Speaking Patients with Cleft Palate

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Ellen Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Oral Pressure ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spanish Speaking Population

As the Spanish-speaking population in the United States continues to grow, there is increasing need for culturally competent and linguistically appropriate treatment across the field of speech-language pathology. This paper reviews information relevant to the evaluation and treatment of Spanish-speaking and Spanish-English bilingual children with a history of cleft palate. The phonetics and phonology of Spanish are reviewed and contrasted with English, with a focus on oral pressure consonants. Cultural factors and bilingualism are discussed briefly. Finally, practical strategies for evaluation and treatment are presented. Information is presented for monolingual and bilingual speech-language pathologists, both in the community and on cleft palate teams.

scholarly journals Detection and classification of unilateral cleft alveolus with and without cleft palate on panoramic radiographs using a deep learning system

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiaki Kuwada ◽  
Yoshiko Ariji ◽  
Yoshitaka Kise ◽  
Takuma Funakoshi ◽  
Motoki Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Panoramic Radiography ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Aided Diagnosis

AbstractAlthough panoramic radiography has a role in the examination of patients with cleft alveolus (CA), its appearances is sometimes difficult to interpret. The aims of this study were to develop a computer-aided diagnosis system for diagnosing the CA status on panoramic radiographs using a deep learning object detection technique with and without normal data in the learning process, to verify its performance in comparison to human observers, and to clarify some characteristic appearances probably related to the performance. The panoramic radiographs of 383 CA patients with cleft palate (CA with CP) or without cleft palate (CA only) and 210 patients without CA (normal) were used to create two models on the DetectNet. The models 1 and 2 were developed based on the data without and with normal subjects, respectively, to detect the CAs and classify them into with or without CP. The model 2 reduced the false positive rate (1/30) compared to the model 1 (12/30). The overall accuracy of Model 2 was higher than Model 1 and human observers. The model created in this study appeared to have the potential to detect and classify CAs on panoramic radiographs, and might be useful to assist the human observers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document