Laryngeal Muscle Activity During Stuttering

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances J. Freeman ◽  
Tatsujiro Ushijima
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Laryngeal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Groups

Laryngeal muscle activity during fluent and stuttered utterances was investigated via electromyography. Analysis revealed that stuttering was accompanied by high levels of laryngeal muscle activity and disruption of normal reciprocity between abductor and adductor muscle groups. Results are interpreted as demonstrating the existence of a laryngeal component in stuttering and showing a strong correlation between abnormal laryngeal muscle activity and moments of stuttering.

Motor patterns of labriform locomotion: kinematic and electromyographic analysis of pectoral fin swimming in the labrid fish Gomphosus varius

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (13) ◽  
pp. 1881-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Westneat ◽  
J Walker
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Emg Patterns ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Electromyographic Analysis

Labriform locomotion is a widespread swimming mechanism in fishes during which propulsive forces are generated by oscillating the pectoral fins. We examined the activity of the six major muscles that power the pectoral fin of the bird wrasse Gomphosus varius (Labridae: Perciformes). The muscles studied included the fin abductors (arrector ventralis, abductor superficialis and abductor profundus) and the fin adductors (arrector dorsalis, adductor superficialis and adductor profundus). Our goals were to determine the pattern of muscle activity that drives the fins in abduction and adduction cycles during pectoral fin locomotion, to examine changes in the timing and amplitude of electromyographic (EMG) patterns with increases in swimming speed and to correlate EMG patterns with the kinematics of pectoral fin propulsion. EMG data were recorded from three individuals over a range of swimming speeds from 15 to 70 cm s-1 (1­4.8 TL s-1, where TL is total body length). The basic motor pattern of pectoral propulsion is alternating activity of the antagonist abductor and adductor groups. The downstroke is characterized by activity of the arrector ventralis muscle before the other abductors, whereas the upstroke involves nearly synchronous activity of the three adductors. Most EMG variables (duration, onset time, amplitude and integrated area) showed significant correlations with swimming speeds. However, the timing and duration of muscle activity are relatively constant across speeds when expressed as a fraction of the stride period, which decreases with increased velocity. Synchronous recordings of kinematic data (maximal abduction and adduction) with EMG data revealed that activity in the abductors began after maximal adduction and that activity in the adductors began nearly synchronously with maximal abduction. Thus, the pectoral fin mechanism of G. varius is activated by positive work from both abductor and adductor muscle groups over most of the range of swimming speeds. The adductors produce some negative work only at the highest swimming velocities. We combine information from pectoral fin morphology, swimming kinematics and motor patterns to interpret the musculoskeletal mechanism of pectoral propulsion in labrid fishes.

scholarly journals Formant-Estimated Vocal Tract Length and Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscle Activation During Modulation of Vocal Effort in Healthy Speakers

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1395-1403
Author(s):  
Matti D. Groll ◽  
Victoria S. McKenna ◽  
Surbhi Hablani ◽  
Cara E. Stepp
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
General Linear ◽  
Laryngeal Muscle ◽  
Tract Length ◽  
Extrinsic Muscle ◽  
Vocal Effort ◽  
Muscle Groups

Purpose The goal of this study was to explore the relationships among vocal effort, extrinsic laryngeal muscle activity, and vocal tract length (VTL) within healthy speakers. We hypothesized that increased vocal effort would result in increased suprahyoid muscle activation and decreased VTL, as previously observed in individuals with vocal hyperfunction. Method Twenty-eight healthy speakers of American English produced vowel–consonant–vowel utterances under varying levels of vocal effort. VTL was estimated from the vowel formants. Three surface electromyography sensors measured the activation of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle groups. A general linear model was used to investigate the effects of vocal effort level and surface electromyography on VTL. Two additional general linear models were used to investigate the effects of vocal effort on suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle activities. Results Neither vocal effort nor extrinsic muscle activity showed significant effects on VTL; however, the degree of extrinsic muscle activity of both suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle groups increased with increases in vocal effort. Conclusion Increasing vocal effort resulted in increased activation of both suprahyoid and infrahyoid musculature in healthy adults, with no change to VTL.

Myoelectric Activity Differences in Three Learning Sessions

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Tiina Ritvanen ◽  
Reijo Koskelo ◽  
Osmo H„nninen
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Traditional Learning ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Language Laboratory ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Muscle Groups

Abstract This study follows muscle activity in three different learning sessions (computer, language laboratory, and normal classroom) while students were studying foreign languages. Myoelectric activity was measured in 21 high school students (10 girls, 11 boys, age range 17-20 years) by surface electromyography (sEMG) from the upper trapezius and frontalis muscles during three 45-min sessions. Root mean square (RMS) average from both investigated muscles was calculated. The EMG activity was highest in both muscle groups in the computer-aided session and lowest in the language laboratory. The girls had higher EMG activity in both investigated muscle groups in all three learning situations. The measured blood pressure was highest at the beginning of the sessions, decreased within 10 min, but increased again toward the end of the sessions. Our results indicate that the use of a computer as a teaching-aid evokes more constant muscle activity than the traditional learning situations. Since muscle tension can have adverse health consequences, more research is needed to determine optimal classroom conditions, especially when technical aids are used in teaching.

Movement Analysis of Philippine Folk Dance Tinikling

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Sanchez Jorielle C ◽  
Manlutac Crisalyn T ◽  
Salas Joven V ◽  
Soriano Marilou R ◽  
Santos Michael E ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Folk Dance ◽  
Dance Movement ◽  
Cardiovascular Endurance ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Muscle Groups

The purpose of the study was to describe the dance movements of the folk dance Tinikling which is the most popular traditional dance and former national dance of the Philippines.  The researchers adopted the movement analysis method similar to that of Mackenzie that involves the (1) description of the actual movements which occur at the joints involved; (2) the plane in which the movement occurs; and (3) the muscles producing the movement (agonist & antagonist). In addition, the researchers also had done a mechanical analysis on the lever type involved in the execution of the dance movement in terms of force, axis, and resistance. The prominent dance steps in the Philippine local dance Tinikling are the (1) running, (2) tinikling steps, (3) diagonal step, and (4) straddle jump with a turn step. The joints involved are: hip muscle which is ball and socket type of joint; and knee and ankle which are hinge joints. The major muscles involved in the dance include mostly the lower body muscle groups such as the quadriceps, hamstring, gluts, adductor muscle group, and calves. The type of lever used in performing the dance comprise majority of 1st, 2nd and 3rd class levers. Thus, the Tinikling is a viable dance which could improve the health related fitness of the performers in terms of muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance and flexibility. Also, the dance could improve skill-related fitness such as power, agility, balance and coordination.

Simulate and sense force exertions during virtual patient transfer tasks

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 2092-2096
Author(s):  
Ken Chen ◽  
Rebecca Widmayer ◽  
Karen B. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Patient Lifting ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Specific Muscle ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Forceful Exertion ◽  
Lifting Task ◽  
Transfer Tasks

Virtual reality (VR) is commonplace for training, yet simulated physical activities in VR do not require trainees to engage and contract the muscle groups normally engaged in physical lifting. This paper presents a muscle activity-driven interface to elicit the sensation of forceful, physical exertions when lifting virtual objects. Users contracted and attained predefined muscle activity levels that were calibrated to user-specific muscle activity when lifting the physical counterpart. The overarching goal is to engage the appropriate muscles, and thereby encourage and elicit behaviors normally seen in the physical environment. Activities of 12 key muscles were monitored using electromyography (EMG) sensors while they performed a three-part patient lifting task in a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment. Participants reported higher task mental loads and less physical loads for the virtual lift than the physical lift. Findings suggest the potential to elicit sensation of forceful exertion via EMG feedback but needed fine-tuning to offset perceived workload.

Upper extremity muscle activity during household floor vacuuming with upright cleaners

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1018-1021
Author(s):  
Haerim Bak ◽  
Clive D’Souza ◽  
Gwanseob Shin
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Intensive Work

Physical demands of household carpet vacuuming and associated risks for musculoskeletal problems have received little attention although the level of muscle exertions is often assumed to be similar to that of occupational vacuuming. The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the level of muscle activities of the upper extremity during carpeted floor vacuuming with household upright vacuum cleaners. Eighteen participants conducted four different carpet vacuuming tasks with two different cleaner models. Electromyography data from seven upper extremity muscles were collected. Median muscle activity ranged from 4.5% to 47.5% of the maximum voluntary contraction capacity for female participants and from 2.7% to 23.6% for male participants. Normalized muscle activity levels were significantly higher in women compared to men across tasks and muscle groups. Study results suggest that home vacuuming with upright vacuum cleaners is physically intensive work, especially for female users who are less physically capable.

scholarly journals Components of a Response Programme Involving Inhibitory and Excitatory Reflexes in the Surf Clam

1970 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-725
Author(s):  
DEFOREST MELLON ◽  
DAVID J. PRIOR
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Surf Clam ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Sensory Pathways ◽  
Intact Muscle ◽  
Input Organization ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Muscle Groups

1. Electrical records from ganglion cells in the central nervous system and from intact muscle groups controlling siphon retraction and shell-valve adduction have revealed qualitative similarities in the response characteristics of two neurone-effector systems following stimulation of tactile afferents. 2. Simultaneous electrical records from neurones and muscle indicate that Type I ganglion cells are motoneurones to the fast portion of the posterior adductor muscle. 3. The waveform and polarity of the post-synaptic responses of Type 1 cells depend critically upon the intensity of stimulation over intact sensory pathways. High-intensity input transiently excites the fast portion of the adductor; low-intensity input inhibits the adductor motoneurones. The input organization of Type I neurones therefore permits discrimination of stimulus magnitude and thus controls the characteristics of the response programme.

High‐density surface electromyography: A visualization method of laryngeal muscle activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (10) ◽  
pp. 2347-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Bracken ◽  
Gladys Ornelas ◽  
Todd P. Coleman ◽  
Philip A. Weissbrod
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
High Density ◽  
Visualization Method ◽  
Laryngeal Muscle ◽  
Density Surface

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscle Activity in a Spastic Dysphonia Patient

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Shipp ◽  
Krzysztof Izdebski ◽  
Charles Reed ◽  
Philip Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Muscle Paralysis ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Laryngeal Muscles ◽  
Laryngeal Muscle ◽  
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscle ◽  
Posterior Cricoarytenoid ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves ◽  
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

EMG activity from four intrinsic laryngeal muscles (thyroarytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, interarytenoid, and cricothyroid) was obtained from one female spastic dysphonia patient while she performed a variety of speech and nonspeech tasks. These tasks were performed before and during a period of temporary unilateral laryngeal muscle paralysis. In the nonparalyzed condition, adductory muscle activity showed intermittent sudden increases that coincided with momentary voice arrests. These muscle patterns and accompanying voice interruptions were not present either when speech was produced in falsetto register or at anytime during the paralysis condition. The data suggest that individuals with this type of spastic dysphonia have normal morphology of recurrent laryngeal nerves and intrinsic laryngeal muscles, which means that the triggering mechanism(s) for spastic dysphonia symptoms must be located at some point neurologically upstream from the larynx.

scholarly journals Effects of a Semioccluded Vocal Tract on Laryngeal Muscle Activity and Glottal Adduction in a Single Female Subject

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 298-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Maria Laukkanen ◽  
Ingo R. Titze ◽  
Henry Hoffman ◽  
Eileen Finnegan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Female Subject ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Laryngeal Muscle
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document