India Ink Pinprick Assessment of Age-Related Changes in the Cricoarytenoid Joint (CAJ) Articular Surfaces

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice R. Kahn ◽  
Joel C. Kahane
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cricoarytenoid Joint ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Vocal Quality ◽  
Age Related Changes

Age-related changes in the articular surfaces of the cricoarytenoid joints (CAJ) of 12 human Caucasian male larynges (6 age 19 to 30 years; 6 age 50 to 80 years) were investigated. Differences in color, roughness, ossification, and surface fiber organization were studied. These were correlated with changes in collagen fiber arrangement on the articular surfaces determined by an India ink pinprick technique. Consistent patterns of orientation of collagen fibers in CAJ surfaces were identified in young and old groups. Older articular surfaces exhibited extensive fibrillation and ossification, suggesting that articular cartilage undergoes alteration in ground substance and/or fiber structure as a function of age. CAJ cartilage changes in older males may limit range of motion of arytenoid cartilages and reduce degree and extent of vocal fold closure. These structural changes may produce negative functional consequences during voice production such as diminished vocal quality and reduced vocal intensity due to air leakage through incompletely or loosely approximated vocal folds.

India Ink Pinprick Experiments on Surface Organization of Cricoarytenoid Joints

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel C. Kahane ◽  
Alice R. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cricoarytenoid Joint ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
Fiber Organization

Collagen fiber organization in the articular surfaces of the cricoarytenoid joint (CAJ) was studied using a pinpricking technique used in biomechanical research in orthopedics. Four male human formalin preserved specimens (3 months to 20 years) and 6 male freshly autopsied specimens (19 to 30 yrs) were studied. Specimens were dissected using the stereomicroscope. Distinctive patterns of articular cartilage slits reflect the orientation of collagen fibers in the cricoid and arytenoid articular surfaces. The orientation of the collagen fibers reinforces the articular surfaces along the principle path of CAJ motion. No age related differences were found. This suggests that the orientation of collagen fibers in the CAJ articular surfaces is prenatally determined rather than significantly influenced by postnatal mechanical factors.

Age-Related Changes of the Macula Flava of the Human Vocal Fold

1995 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 839-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiminori Sato ◽  
Minoru Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Abnormal Metabolism ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Age Related Changes

This investigation was carried out to determine the histologic structure and age-related changes of the macula flava of human aged vocal folds. Excised human adult senescent larynges served as the material for this study. Light microscopic and transmission electron microscopic observations were made. The results are summarized as follows. 1) The anterior and posterior maculae flavae were elliptical in shape and about 1.5 × 1.5 × 1 mm in size. 2) The macula flava was composed of fibroblasts, elastic fibers, collagenous fibers, and ground substance. 3) The number of fibroblasts decreased. 4) Components in the cytoplasm, such as Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum, were fewer than in younger adults. 5) Some fibroblasts and some components in the cytoplasm degenerated. 6) The accumulation of glycogen granules and lipid droplets were seen in the cytoplasm. 7) The number of collagenous and elastic fibers synthesized by the fibroblasts decreased. 8) These findings were evident to various degrees and suggested the reduction of fibroblast activation, abnormal metabolism, and degeneration. A decrease in the number and activation of fibroblasts in maculae flavae indicates decreased synthesis of fibrous components in the vocal fold mucosa. This in turn influences the viscoelasticity and stiffness of vibrating tissue and contributes partially to aging of the voice.

Age-Related Changes in Vitamin A-Storing Stellate Cells of Human Vocal Folds

2004 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiminori Sato ◽  
Minoru Hirano ◽  
Tadashi Nakashima
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals The Oculomotor Systems Ability to Adapt to Structural Changes Caused by the Process of Senescence: A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Richard Bruenech ◽  
Inga-Britt Kjellevold Haugen ◽  
Ulla Bak ◽  
Marianne Maagaard ◽  
Frans VanderWerf
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Oculomotor System ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Ocular Motility ◽  
Adaptive Mechanism ◽  
Perceptual Stability ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Retinal Information ◽  
Age Related Changes

Age-related binocular vision anomalies are frequently encountered during clinical examination of mature patients. Observations of both concomitant and incomitant restrictions in eye motility indicate that all oculomotor system levels are implicated, from cortical neurons down to extraocular muscles. The system can make adaptations in response to changes induced by growth and ageing, which it does by monitoring and adjusting its own performance. This adaptive mechanism, which is important for maintaining motility, spatial orientation, and perceptual stability, seems to rely on extra-retinal information about eye position in relation to the head and trunk. Receptors in the extraocular muscles and the vestibular system, assumed to contribute to this type of information, also undergo age-related changes. This may compromise their ability to assist in the adaptive process and in potential calibrations of other neural systems. Furthermore, recent observations of a dual, common, final pathway and double insertions of distal extraocular muscles suggest that muscle and tendon receptors may facilitate other, still unresolved, functions in the visual system. Consequently, age-related changes in certain mechanoreceptors may have more severe implications for ocular motility and visual functions than previously assumed. This review aims to detail some of the most frequent neurogenic and myogenic age-related changes that take place in the human oculomotor system and relevant pre-motor structures. It will also address clinical implications of these changes and the potential adaptive mechanism they initiate.

The Changing Landscape of Vocal Needs in the Aging Baby Boomer

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edie R. Hapner
Keyword(s):  
Baby Boom ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Baby Boom Generation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Vocal Quality ◽  
Surgical Treatments ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Age Related Changes

Abstract Aging is a natural part of the human condition and the voice is not spared changes with increasing age. There is a progressive decline in the respiratory, phonatory, and resonatory systems associated with aging as a result of sarcopenia, metabolic slowing, and changes to the neuromuscular system that begin earlier in life but accelerate at 60 years. Behavioral and surgical treatments offer people with age-related voice loss (presbyphonia) the opportunity for improved voice quality of life. Interest in these treatments has risen over the past 20 years with the arrival of the baby boom generation reaching 65 years and experiencing age-related changes to voice. Unlike their parents, many baby boomers are not able to retire at 65 years and are required to maintain and even improve their vocal endurance and vocal quality for occupational demands. This article will explore age-related changes to the body, specific to the vocal mechanism, and a summary of several treatments available to improve the voice in light of the changing needs of the baby boom generation as they get older.

scholarly journals The functional consequences of age-related changes in microRNA expression in skeletal muscle

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Soriano-Arroquia ◽  
Louise House ◽  
Luke Tregilgas ◽  
Elizabeth Canty-Laird ◽  
Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Microrna Expression ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Age Related Changes

Age-Related Changes in the Human Laryngeal Glands

1998 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiminori Sato ◽  
Minoru Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Laryngeal Function ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Age Related Changes

The present study was conducted to determine age-related changes in the human laryngeal glands by means of excised human adult larynges. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations were made. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1) Granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were sparse in the cytoplasm of serous and mucous cells. 2) Secretory granules in serous cells had decreased in number. 3) Secretory granules were less electron-dense compared to those in younger adult specimens, but were electron-lucent. 4) Mucigen droplets in mucous cells were not as numerous as those in younger adults. 5) Discharge of secretory granules and mucigen droplets had decreased. 6) Age-related morphologic changes in the laryngeal glands influenced not only the amount but also the quality of secretions. 7) The above changes lessened lubrication of the vocal folds, thus causing aging of the voice to some extent. 8) Local immunity and mucociliary transport were also affected. 9) Age-related changes in the laryngeal glands partially altered laryngeal function.

Effects of Low-Level Cadmium Intake on the Contractility and Morphology of the Rat Aorta

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Hart ◽  
E. C. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Tension Development ◽  
Maximum Tension ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Age Related Changes

Female Long Evans hooded rats with an initial mean (± SE) weight of 85.7 ± 1.2 g were exposed to 5 ppm cadmium (Cd) in drinking water for 6 months. Rats which received no Cd in the drinking water served as untreated controls. Weights, systolic blood pressures (tail cuff method), several aspects of aortic ultrastructure, and isolated aortic contractile responses to epinephrine, angiotensin, and potassium chloride at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 6 months were observed in both groups. At none of the testing times was there a significant difference between the weights or systolic blood pressures of the control and Cd-treated groups. Analysis of variance indicated that aortas from control and Cd-treated rats showed similar age-related changes in maximum tension development (contractility) and similar threshold doses. However, Cd-treated aortas developed significantly less maximum tension than control aortas when compared at the same time intervals in response to all of the vasoconstrictors tested. This decreased contractility was apparent at one month and persisted at about the same level (20%) at 2, 3, and 6 months. There were also expected age-related changes in aortic ultrastructure of both groups, and although the 6-month Cd-treated aortas showed more degenerating endothelial cells, differences that might explain the consistent decreases in contractility of the Cd-treated aortas were not observed. The results of this study indicate that chronic low-level Cd treatment causes decreases in aortic contractility, as have previously been reported for acute exposure to Cd, but that this change is not associated with the development of hypertension or with structural changes in the aorta.

scholarly journals Age related changes in the elastic fiber system of the interfoveolar ligament

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Luiz Quintas ◽  
Consuelo Junqueira Rodrigues ◽  
Hwan Yoo Jin ◽  
Aldo Junqueira Rodrigues Junior
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Fiber System ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Tissue Resistance ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Oxytalan Fibers ◽  
Age Related Changes

In order to evaluate age related changes of the elastic fiber system in the interfoveolar ligament, we studied the deep inguinal ring from 33 male cadavers aged from stillborn to 76 years. Selective and alternated staining methods for elastic fibers were performed to differentiate oxytalan, elaunin, and mature elastic fibers. We confirmed quantitative changes of the elastic fiber system with aging. There was a significant and progressive reduction of the oxytalan fibers (responsible for tissue resistance) and a significant increment in the mature elastic and elaunin fibers (responsible for tissue elasticity). Furthermore, there were structural changes in the thickness, shortness and curling of these mature elastic fibers. These changes induced loss of the elastic fiber function and loss of the interfoveolar ligament compliance. These factors predispose individuals to the development of indirect inguinal hernias that frequently emerge in adults and aged individuals, especially above the fifth decade.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes Affecting the Cricoarytenoid Joint Seen on Computed Tomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 244-256
Author(s):  
Georges Ziade ◽  
Sahar Semaan ◽  
Sarah Assaad ◽  
Abdul Latif Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cricoarytenoid Joint ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Joint Ankylosis

We conducted a retrospective chart review to compare four characteristics—cricoarytenoid joint ankylosis, narrowing, erosion, and density increases—in patients younger and older than 65 years. Our study population was made up of 100 patients, who were divided into two groups on the basis of age. The younger group (<65 yr) comprised 49 patients (27 men and 22 women), and the older group (≥65 yr) was made up of 51 patients (25 men and 26 women). Findings on computed tomography (CT) of the neck were used to determine whether each of the four characteristics was present or absent. Overall, we found only one statistically significant difference between the two groups: ankylosis was significantly more common in the older group (p = 0.036). When we looked further at the side of these anatomic changes, we found that the older group had significantly more right-sided and left-sided ankylosis than did the younger group (p = 0.026 for both), as well as significantly more left-sided narrowing (p = 0.028) (some patients had bilateral involvement). When we analyzed age as a continuous variable, older age was again associated with significantly more ankylosis (p = 0.047) and narrowing (p = 0.011). We conclude that CT can be useful for assessing radiologic changes in the cricoarytenoid joint in elderly patients during the workup of dysphonia and abnormal movement of the vocal folds.

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