India Ink Pinprick Experiments on Surface Organization of Cricoarytenoid Joints

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel C. Kahane ◽  
Alice R. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cricoarytenoid Joint ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
Fiber Organization

Collagen fiber organization in the articular surfaces of the cricoarytenoid joint (CAJ) was studied using a pinpricking technique used in biomechanical research in orthopedics. Four male human formalin preserved specimens (3 months to 20 years) and 6 male freshly autopsied specimens (19 to 30 yrs) were studied. Specimens were dissected using the stereomicroscope. Distinctive patterns of articular cartilage slits reflect the orientation of collagen fibers in the cricoid and arytenoid articular surfaces. The orientation of the collagen fibers reinforces the articular surfaces along the principle path of CAJ motion. No age related differences were found. This suggests that the orientation of collagen fibers in the CAJ articular surfaces is prenatally determined rather than significantly influenced by postnatal mechanical factors.

India Ink Pinprick Assessment of Age-Related Changes in the Cricoarytenoid Joint (CAJ) Articular Surfaces

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice R. Kahn ◽  
Joel C. Kahane
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cricoarytenoid Joint ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Vocal Quality ◽  
Age Related Changes

Age-related changes in the articular surfaces of the cricoarytenoid joints (CAJ) of 12 human Caucasian male larynges (6 age 19 to 30 years; 6 age 50 to 80 years) were investigated. Differences in color, roughness, ossification, and surface fiber organization were studied. These were correlated with changes in collagen fiber arrangement on the articular surfaces determined by an India ink pinprick technique. Consistent patterns of orientation of collagen fibers in CAJ surfaces were identified in young and old groups. Older articular surfaces exhibited extensive fibrillation and ossification, suggesting that articular cartilage undergoes alteration in ground substance and/or fiber structure as a function of age. CAJ cartilage changes in older males may limit range of motion of arytenoid cartilages and reduce degree and extent of vocal fold closure. These structural changes may produce negative functional consequences during voice production such as diminished vocal quality and reduced vocal intensity due to air leakage through incompletely or loosely approximated vocal folds.

A Review of the Collagen Orientation in the Articular Cartilage

Cartilage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194760352098877
Author(s):  
Roy D. Bloebaum ◽  
Andrew S. Wilson ◽  
William N. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Deep Zone ◽  
Collagen Fiber Orientation ◽  
Critical Point Drying

Objective There has been a debate as to the alignment of the collagen fibers. Using a hand lens, Sir William Hunter demonstrated that the collagen fibers ran perpendicular and later aspects were supported by Benninghoff. Despite these 2 historical studies, modern technology has conflicting data on the collagen alignment. Design Ten mature New Zealand rabbits were used to obtain 40 condyle specimens. The specimens were passed through ascending grades of alcohol, subjected to critical point drying (CPD), and viewed in the scanning electron microscope. Specimens revealed splits from the dehydration process. When observing the fibers exposed within the opening of the splits, parallel fibers were observed to run in a radial direction, normal to the surface of the articular cartilage, radiating from the deep zone and arcading as they approach the surface layer. After these observations, the same samples were mechanically fractured and damaged by scalpel. Results The splits in the articular surface created deep fissures, exposing parallel bundles of collagen fibers, radiating from the deep zone and arcading as they approach the surface layer. On higher magnification, individual fibers were observed to run parallel to one another, traversing radially toward the surface of the articular cartilage and arcading. Mechanical fracturing and scalpel damage induced on the same specimens with the splits showed randomly oriented fibers. Conclusion Collagen fiber orientation corroborates aspects of Hunter’s findings and compliments Benninghoff. Investigators must be aware of the limits of their processing and imaging techniques in order to interpret collagen fiber orientation in cartilage.

Experimental Investigation of Collagen Waviness and Orientation in Adventitia of Common Carotid Arteries of Rabbits

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristotelis Agianniotis ◽  
Nikos Stergiopulos
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Angular Dispersion ◽  
Fluorescent Marker ◽  
Outermost Layer ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries ◽  
Fiber Organization

The adventitia is the outermost layer of blood vessels and its mechanical properties are determined by the organization of collagen fibers in this layer. The waviness and the angular dispersion characterize the collagen fiber organization. Previous studies were mainly conducted on loaded and chemically fixed vessels, which could modify the structural organization [1]. We have combined fluorescent marker with confocal microscopy and image analysis to quantify the waviness and angular distribution of collagen fibers, and determine the correlation between the waviness distribution of fibers and their main orientation in the adventitia of rabbit common carotid arteries at their zero-stress state.

DT-MRI Based Numerical Simulation of Collagen Fiber Deformation in Human Articular Cartilage

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Pierce ◽  
Werner Trobin ◽  
Siegfried Trattnig ◽  
Horst Bischof ◽  
Gerhard A. Holzapfel
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Human Articular Cartilage ◽  
Fiber Deformation ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
High Level

Within the articular cartilage (composed of fluid, electrolytes, chondrocytes, collagen fibers, proteoglycans and other glycoproteins) fibers of predominantly Type II collagen provide tensile strength and stiffness to the solid phase, a proteoglycan gel. Collagen fibers exhibit a high level of structural organization usually consisting of three sub-tissue zones: (i) a superficial tangent zone with fibers which are tangential to the articular surface, (ii) a middle zone with fibers isotropically oriented, (iii) a deep zone with fibers oriented perpendicular to the subchondral bone [1]. Given the importance of this collagen fiber fabric in the mechanical properties of articular cartilage, many destructive and nondestructive experimental methods have been pursued to characterize fiber orientation and density.

scholarly journals Age-related accumulation of Maillard reaction products in human articular cartilage collagen

2000 ◽  
Vol 350 (2) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole VERZIJL ◽  
Jeroen DEGROOT ◽  
Esther OLDEHINKEL ◽  
Ruud A. BANK ◽  
Suzanne R. THORPE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Maillard Reaction Products ◽  
Human Articular Cartilage ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Age-related changes in the composition and structure of human articular-cartilage proteoglycans

1978 ◽  
Vol 176 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
M T Bayliss ◽  
S Y Ali
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Articular Cartilage ◽  
Human Cartilage ◽  
Keratan Sulphate ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Cartilage Proteoglycans

1. Analysis of the purified proteoglycans extracted from normal human articular cartilage with 4M-guanidinium chloride showed that there was an age-related increase in their content of protein and keratan sulphate. 2. The hydrodynamic size of the dissociated proteoglycans also decreased with advancing age, but there was little change in the proportion that could aggregate. 3. Results suggested that some extracts of aged-human cartilage had an increased content of hyaluronic acid compared with specimens from younger patients. 4. Dissociated proteoglycans, from cartilage of all age groups, bind to hyaluronic acid and form aggregates in direct proportion to the hyaluronic acid concentration. 5. Electrophoretic heterogeneity of the dissociated proteoglycans was demonstrated on polyacrylamide/agarose gels. The number of proteoglycan species observed was also dependent on the age of the patient.

Matrix composition modulates vitamin D3’s effects on 3D collagen fiber organization by MCF10A cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafis Hasan ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Irene Georgakoudi ◽  
Carlos Sonnenschein ◽  
Ana M. Soto
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
3D Collagen ◽  
Mcf10a Cells ◽  
Fiber Organization

scholarly journals Sex- and age-related variations in the three-dimensional orientations and curvatures of the articular surfaces of the human talus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhei Nozaki ◽  
Kota Watanabe ◽  
Atsushi Teramoto ◽  
Tomoaki Kamiya ◽  
Masaki Katayose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
Age Related

Food-derived phytochemicals ‘Curcumin’ and ‘Resveratrol’ counteract the catabolic effects of inflammatory lipopolysaccharides: studies on in vitro models of canine and porcine arthritis

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
S.M. Williamson ◽  
J.A. Reynolds ◽  
A. Mobasheri ◽  
M.D. Royal ◽  
A. Vaughan-Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Plates ◽  
Age Related

Osteoarthritis (OA) and Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) are osteoarticular disorders that cause leg weakness, lameness, pain and suffering in companion animals, some farm animals and humans. OA is one of the most common age-related osteoarticular disorders in humans and dogs. In pigs, both OA and OCD are thought to arise from changes in the articular cartilage and growth plates within the synovial joints causing structural damage to joint tissues. Since these changes are not observed in the slow maturing wild boar, they are suggested to be a result of the modern intensive pig production industry which has very successfully selected pigs for rapid growth rates, large muscle mass and efficient feed conversion placing increased weight and mechanical stress on growth plates. The aim of this study was to establish canine and porcine articular cartilage explant models which are essentially tissue culture techniques for isolating and maintaining cartilage tissue ex vivo for subsequent assessment of potentially beneficial effects of specific phytonutrients. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as a catabolic mediator to create a culture model of joint inflammation mimicking the events that occur in late stages of OA and OCD. We then performed assays to determine if the dietary phytochemical ‘curcumin’ (derived from Curcuma longa) and the polyphenolic phytoalexin stilbene ‘resveratrol’ (found in red grapes, red wine, peanuts and some berries) are able to counteract the catabolic effects of LPS by inhibiting LPS stimulated release of cartilage matrix glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).

scholarly journals 3067 Biomechanical analysis of acute versus chronic aortic dissection flaps

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
pp. 102-102
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Lou ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Fatiesa Sulejmani ◽  
Minliang Liu ◽  
Edward Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Acute Type ◽  
Type B ◽  
Chronic Type ◽  
Aortic Replacement ◽  
Fiber Organization

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is more effective in remodeling the dissected aorta in acute versus chronic type B aortic dissection (TBAD). It has been hypothesized that this is due to differences in dissection flap biomechanical and structural properties but has not been confirmed in explanted human aortic tissue. We aimed to characterize and compare differences in tissue biomechanics and microstructure between acute and chronic dissection flaps that may underlie these findings. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Dissection flaps were obtained at time of operative repair for patients presenting for open aortic replacement to treat acute type A (ACUTE, n=7) or chronic type B (CHRONIC, n=7) aortic dissection. Given that the current treatment modality for acute complicated TBAD is TEVAR, it was not feasible to acquire acute TBAD flaps for analysis. Tissues were cryopreserved and subjected to biaxial tensile testing in the circumferential and longitudinal directions. Stiffness was quantified by the tangent modulus (TM) in the low and high linear regions of the compiled equibiaxial response curves for each cohort. Extensibility was defined as the intersection of the fitted line from the high linear region with the x-axis, and the degree of anisotropy (DA) was defined as the mean absolute percentage error of the strains in both directions. Flap architecture and collagen fiber organization were also compared between groups using two-photon microscopy. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Average age of dissection flaps were 3.4±3.4 days in ACUTE and 1,868.7±1,354.0 days in CHRONIC (p=0.011). There were no differences in age, co-morbidities, maximum aortic diameter, and aortic wall thickness. ACUTE exhibited an anisotropic stress-strain response with increased extensibility longitudinally than circumferentially (0.18 vs. 0.09, p=0.022, DA=0.67) while CHRONIC demonstrated an isotropic response with similar extensibility in either direction (0.11 vs. 0.12, p=0.606, DA=0.26). CHRONIC and ACUTE had comparable stiffness in the circumferential direction (TMlow 439.92 vs. 541.08, p=0.729, and TMhigh 1585.19 kPa vs. 1869.35 kPa, p=0.817). In the longitudinal direction, CHRONIC was significantly stiffer than ACUTE (TMhigh 8347.61 kPa vs. 1201.34 kPa, p=0.049) (FIGURE). Microscopy corroborated these findings with greater collagen fiber organization circumferentially than longitudinally in ACUTE and increasing fibrosis, collagen predominance, and straightening of collagen fibers in CHRONIC. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Compared to ACUTE, CHRONIC exhibited loss of anisotropy with increased tissue stiffness in the longitudinal direction. Increased dissection flap fibrosis and decreased compliance may explain the worse outcomes for aortic remodeling after TEVAR in chronic TBAD. This study offers biomechanical support for early TEVAR in the acute phase of uncomplicated TBAD.

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