scholarly journals Root growth dependence on soil temperature for Opuntia ficus-indica : influences of air temperature and a doubled CO2 concentration

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Drennan ◽  
P. S. Nobel
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
Doubled Co2 Concentration

Fractal analysis for root growth of plant seedlings under doubled CO2 concentration

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (22) ◽  
pp. 1891-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqin Wang ◽  
Huijuan Zhang ◽  
Dian’an Yang ◽  
Kezhi Bai ◽  
Tingyun Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Doubled Co2 Concentration ◽  
Plant Seedlings

Soil temperature moderates grapevine carbohydrate reserves after bud break and conditions fruit set responses to photoassimilatory stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzy Y. Rogiers ◽  
Jason P. Smith ◽  
Bruno P. Holzapfel ◽  
W. James Hardie
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserves ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserve ◽  
Fruit Setting

In cultivated grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.), suboptimal photoassimilatory conditions during flowering can lead to inflorescence necrosis and shedding of flowers and young ovaries and, consequently, poor fruit set. However, before this study it was not known whether carbohydrate reserves augment fruit set when concurrent photoassimilation is limited. Carbohydrate reserves are most abundant in grapevine roots and soil temperature moderates their mobilisation. Accordingly, we grew potted Chardonnay grapevines in soil at 15°C (cool) or 26°C (warm) from bud break to the onset of flowering to manipulate root carbohydrate reserve status. Then to induce photoassimilatory responses we subjected the plants to low (94 µmol mol–1) CO2 or ambient (336 µmol mol–1) CO2 atmospheres during fruit setting. Analyses of photoassimilation and biomass and carbohydrate reserve distribution confirmed that fruit set was limited by concurrent photoassimilation. Furthermore, the availability of current photoassimilates for inflorescence development and fruit set was conditioned by the simultaneous demands for shoot and root growth, as well as the restoration of root carbohydrate reserves. Results indicate that great seasonal variability in grapevine fruit set is a likely response of cultivated grapevines to photoassimilatory stresses, such as shading, defoliation and air temperature and to variations in carbohydrate reserve status before flowering.

Air temperature controls diel oscillation of the CO2 concentration in a desert soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Spohn ◽  
Stefan Holzheu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Convection ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Desert Soil ◽  
Precipitation Event ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
The North ◽  
Measuring Period

<p>The factors that control the soil CO<sub>2</sub> concentration are not yet well understood.<strong> </strong>Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore what factors control the soil CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and its dynamic in a desert soil. For this purpose, CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and temperature were measured in six soil depths (ranging from 15 to 185 cm) in a deeply weathered, coarse-textured desert soil in the North of Chile at high frequency (every 60 minutes) together with precipitation and air temperature for one year. The mean CO<sub>2</sub> concentration calculated across the whole measuring period increased linearly with soil depth from 463 ppm in 15 cm to 1542 ppm in 185 cm soil depth. We observed a diel oscillation of the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration that decreased with soil depth and a hysteretic relationship between the topsoil CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and both air and soil temperature. A small precipitation event increased the CO<sub>2 </sub>concentrations in 15, 30, and 50 cm soil depths for several days but did not alter the amplitude of the diel oscillation of the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. The diel oscillation was very likely caused by strong differences between the soil and the air temperature at night, in particular in summer, causing transport of topsoil air to the atmosphere by thermal convection. Our results have important implications as they show that the soil CO<sub>2</sub> concentration can be controlled by air temperature through thermal convection, rather than by soil temperature, and that the hysteretic relationship between soil CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and temperature can be caused by physical factors alone.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Lower Day and Night Soil Temperatures on Shoot and Root Growth of Creeping Bentgrass

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingzhang Xu ◽  
Bingru Huang ◽  
Zhaolong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth

Turf quality of creeping bentgrass (Agrotis palustris L.) often declines during summer months. Reducing soil temperature alleviates bentgrass quality decline at supraoptimal air temperatures. The objective of this study was to investigate whether reducing soil temperature during the night is more effective than during the day in improving shoot and root growth when air temperature was supraoptimal for creeping bentgrass. The experiment was conducted in growth chambers using water baths to manipulate soil temperatures. Plants were exposed to the following temperature treatments: 1) optimal air and soil temperature during the day and night (20/20 °C, day/night, control); 2) high air and soil temperature during the day and night (35/35 °C, day/night); 3) lower soil temperatures during the day (20/35, 25/35, and 30/35 °C, day/night); and 4) lower soil temperature during the night (35/20, 35/25, and 35/30 °C) while air temperature was maintained at 35 °C during the day and night. Turf quality (on 1-9 scale) increased to the level of 6.5, 3.0, and 2.5 by reducing day soil temperature to 20, 25, or 30 °C, respectively, at 28 days of treatment, compared to the quality of 2.0 at 35/35 °C. Turf quality increased from 2.0 at 35/35 °C to 7.0, 6.0, and 4.5, respectively, by 28 days of exposure to night temperatures of 20, 25, and 30 °C. Chlorophyll content, root number, and root weight also were increased by reducing day or night soil temperature, and the increases were more pronounced for reduced night temperatures than day temperatures. These results demonstrated that reduced night soil temperature was more effective than reduced day soil temperature in improving shoot and root growth in creeping bentgrass under high air temperature conditions.

Modeling soil temperature using air temperature features in diverse climatic conditions with complementary machine learning models

2021 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 106158
Author(s):  
Maryam Bayatvarkeshi ◽  
Suraj Kumar Bhagat ◽  
Kourosh Mohammadi ◽  
Ozgur Kisi ◽  
M. Farahani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Machine Learning Models

scholarly journals Millennium time-scale experiments on climate-carbon cycle with doubled CO2 concentration

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Hajima ◽  
Akitomo Yamamoto ◽  
Michio Kawamiya ◽  
Xuanming Su ◽  
Michio Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Doubled Co2 Concentration

Interval of days required for determining efficient relations between climatic factors and cotton flower and boll production

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakaria M Sawan ◽  
Louis I Hanna ◽  
Willis L McCuistion
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Surface Soil Temperature

The cotton plant (Gossypium spp.) is sensitive to numerous environmental factors. This study was aimed at predicting effects of climatic factors grouped into convenient intervals (in days) on cotton flower and boll production compared with daily observations. Two uniformity field trials using the cotton (G. barbadense L.) cv. Giza 75 were conducted in 1992 and 1993 at the Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt. Randomly chosen plants were used to record daily numbers of flowers and bolls during the reproductive stage (60 days). During this period, daily air temperature, temperature magnitude, evaporation, surface soil temperature, sunshine duration, humidity, and wind speed were recorded. Data, grouped into intervals of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 10 d, were correlated with cotton production variables using regression analysis. Evaporation was found to be the most important climatic variable affecting flower and boll production, followed by humidity and sunshine duration. The least important variables were surface soil temperature at 0600 and minimum air temperature. The 5-d interval was found to provide the best correlation with yield parameters. Applying appropriate cultural practices that minimize the deleterious effects of evaporation and humidity could lead to an important improvement in cotton yield in Egypt. Key words: Cotton, flower production, boll production, boll retention

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