Migraine in Patients With History of Centro-Temporal Epilepsy in Childhood: A Hm-PAO SPECT Study

Cephalalgia ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Septien ◽  
JL Pelletier ◽  
F Brunotte ◽  
M Giroud ◽  
R Dumas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Absence Epilepsy ◽  
Partial Epilepsy ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Rolandic Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Epilepsy ◽  
Cranial Trauma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trauma Group

The authors report the results of a retrospective controlled study on the incidence of migraine in centro-temporal epilepsy compared to absence epilepsy, partial epilepsy and a group of patients with cranial trauma without epilepsy. The following observations from this series of 129 patients were made. Migraine was present in 63% of the patients with centro-temporal epilepsy (rolandic epilepsy), in 33% with absence epilepsy, in 7% with partial epilepsy and in 9% of the cranial trauma group. These results suggest that the association of centro-temporal epilepsy and migraine is non-fortuitous and also to a lesser degree in absence epilepsy. The role of neurotransmitters in this association is discussed. No decrease in cerebral blood flow was observed in 12 patients with rolandic epilepsy on a Hm-PAO SPECT study.

scholarly journals Pulp blood flow and sensibility in patients with a history of dental trauma undergoing maxillary expansion:

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-701
Author(s):  
Raymond Lam ◽  
Mithran S. Goonewardene ◽  
Steven Naoum
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Thermal Testing ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trauma Group

ABSTRACT Objectives To assess changes in pulp blood flow (PBF) and pulp sensibility (PS) in teeth of patients with a history of dental trauma undergoing maxillary expansion. Materials and Methods Twenty-five patients requiring rapid maxillary expansion (RME) had the pulp status of their maxillary anterior teeth assessed using laser Doppler flowmetry, electric pulp testing, and thermal testing (CO2 snow). Each patient was tested at T1 (prior to expansion), T2 (2 weeks after rapid expansion), and T3 (3 months after expansion). Relationships between PBF, time interval, and history of trauma were evaluated using linear mixed modelling. Results Within the Trauma group, PBF was significantly lower (P ≤ .05) at T2 and T3 in comparison to T1 and significantly lower (P ≤ .05) at T2 in comparison to T3. In the Non-trauma group, PBF at T2 was significantly lower (P ≤ .05) than PBF at T1 and T3; however, no significant difference (P > .05) in PBF was observed when comparing PBF at T1 and T3. In both groups, PS was maintained in almost all teeth (>90%). Conclusions RME in healthy teeth causes reduction of PBF before reestablishment of pretreatment values. RME in traumatized teeth causes reduction of PBF without PBF being reestablished to pretreatment levels. Teeth with a history of compromise may have reduced adaptive capacity under insults such as RME, which should be appreciated during the informed consent process.

scholarly journals Role of Sodium Bicarbonate to Treat Neonatal Metabolic Acidosis: Beneficial or Not

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Manifa Afrin
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Intracellular Acidosis ◽  
History Of

Despite the lack of evidence for effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate in treatment of metabolic acidosis in critically ill patients who are admitted in neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit, bicarbonate administration is a common practice and has a long history of widespread use. The justification for persistent use of this controversial therapy comes from a variety of sources, many of them based in philosophy than in science. Clinicians must consider the intervention which will meet the therapeutic objective & existence of strong scientific evidence. To the contrary, there is increasing evidence of this detrimental therapy and adverse effects include diminished oxygen delivery to tissues, worsening intracellular acidosis, aggravated myocardial injury, fluctuations in cerebral blood flow, intracranial hemorrhage and reduces the likelihood success of resuscitation. This review summarizes the evidence and examines the controversy over the use of bicarbonate to treat metabolic acidosis in neonate.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(2): 80-85

scholarly journals Does a History of Postictal Psychosis Predict a Poor Postsurgical Seizure Outcome?

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres M. Kanner
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Partial Epilepsy ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Seizure Outcome ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
History Of

Postictal Psychosis in Partial Epilepsy: A Case-Control Study. Alper K, Kuzniecky R, Carlson C, Barr WB, Vorkas CK, Patel JG, Carrelli AL, Starner K, Flom PL, Devinsky O. Ann Neurol 2008;63(5):602–610. OBJECTIVE: Divergent findings among prior studies on correlates of risk for postictal psychosis (PIP) suggest the value of a controlled study involving a relatively large number of patients. METHODS: The study population consisted of a consecutive series of 59 patients with partial epilepsy and a history of PIP, and 94 control patients with partial epilepsy and no history of PIP evaluated as inpatients with video-electroencephalography. The groups did not differ significantly regarding demographic features. Exact tests yielded a subset of variables and a tentative interpretation that were evaluated further utilizing principal components analysis and logistic regression. RESULTS: PIP was associated with extratemporal versus temporal ( p = 0.036) or undetermined ( p = 0.001) localization of seizure onset, bilateral interictal epileptiform activity ( p = 0.017), secondary generalization ( p = 0.049), and history of encephalitis ( p = 0.018). Interictal slow activity was more frequently absent in control patients ( p = 0.045). PIP was associated with family histories of psychiatric disorders ( p = 0.007) and epilepsy ( p = 0.042), which themselves were significantly intercorrelated (r 0.225; p = 0.006). Age of onset or duration of epilepsy and lateralized electroencephalographic or magnetic resonance imaging asymmetries did not differ significantly between control and PIP groups. The analysis indicated four underlying domains of risk for PIP: ambiguous/extratemporal localization, family neuropsychiatric history, abnormal interictal electroencephalographic activity, and encephalitis. Each unit increase on a simple additive scale composed of 9 dichotomous independent variables multiplied the odds ratio for PIP by 1.71 (95% confidence interval, 1.36–2.15; p < 0.0001). INTERPRETATION: PIP in partial epilepsy is associated with relatively broadly and bilaterally distributed epileptogenic networks, genetic determinants of psychiatric disorders and seizures, and encephalitis.

scholarly journals Intractable Seizures and Limbic Encephalitis, Unaccounted Complications of Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmunity

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed A Madkhali ◽  
Jenifer-Kris Hao ◽  
Mohammad Saud Khan ◽  
Himani Sharma ◽  
Alexa Jaume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Limbic Encephalitis ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Temporal Epilepsy ◽  
Intractable Seizures ◽  
Autoimmune Epilepsy ◽  
History Of

Abstract Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65kD autoantibody (GAD65Ab) is frequently detected in patients with refractory epilepsy and stiff person syndrome (SPS). In contrast to T1D, the pathological role of GAD65Ab in neurological disorders is still debatable. As a result, the implementation of possible immunotherapy is usually delayed. This report presents two cases of GAD65Ab associated brain autoimmunity and their different management. We present clinical data and discuss management based on available evidence in the reviewed literature. Both cases presented with acute on chronic neurological symptoms and were GAD65Ab positive. Case 1, a 30-year-old man with a history of early-onset T1D at 14 months, followed by cryptogenic temporal epilepsy at 11 years of age, presented with intractable seizures. Case 2, a 48-year-old woman, presented with a history of recurrent severe headaches, cognitive impairment, decreased memory, and behavioral symptoms. GAD65Ab was detected in both patients’ sera. CSF GAD65Ab was only checked and positive in case 1. Case 2 was diagnosed with limbic encephalitis, treated with immunotherapy, and showed a remarkable clinical improvement. Case 1 with refractory epilepsy failed multiple AEDs and Responsive-Stimulator System (RNS) treatments. He was finally diagnosed with autoimmune epilepsy. The delay in diagnosis resulted in a lost opportunity for early immunotherapy. In conclusion, autoantibody screening and early initiation of immunotherapy should be considered to manage GAD65Ab associated neurological disorders.

scholarly journals Friend or Foe? Spontaneous Portosystemic Shunts in Cirrhosis—Current Understanding and Future Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Sasidharan Rajesh ◽  
Cyriac Abby Philips ◽  
Rizwan Ahamed ◽  
Jinsha K Abduljaleel ◽  
Dinu Chandran Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Portal Pressure ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Splanchnic Blood Flow ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Portosystemic Shunts ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of

Portal hypertension (PHT) in cirrhosis results from increased resistance to splanchnic blood flow secondary to parenchymal and vascular changes within the liver. In an attempt to counteract the increased portal pressure, two mechanisms simultaneously occur: splanchnic vasodilatation and formation of spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSS). Long considered to be a compensatory mechanism to decompress the portal venous system, it is now well established that SPSS are not only inefficient in decreasing the portal pressure but also contribute to reduced hepatocyte perfusion and increased splanchnic blood flow and resistance, associated with worsening PHT. Recent studies have described a high prevalence of SPSS in cirrhosis patients, increasing with liver dysfunction, and observed an association between the presence of SPSS and worse clinical outcomes. In cirrhosis patients with preserved liver functions, the presence of SPSS independently increases the risk of hepatic encephalopathy, variceal bleeding, and ascites, and reduces transplant-free survival. Moreover, the presence of SPSS in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting and liver transplant has been shown to variably affect the postprocedural outcome. This article provides an overview of the current understanding of the role of SPSS in the natural history of liver cirrhosis and their status as a therapeutic target and an imaging biomarker to identify patients at higher risk of developing complications of PHT.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of a family history of adenocarcinomas in patients with Barrett oesophagus

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A442-A442
Author(s):  
P TSIBOURIS ◽  
M HENDRICKSE ◽  
P ISAACS
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Barrett Oesophagus

Protective Factors and Suicidality in Members of Arab Kindred

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Hamdan ◽  
Nadine Melhem ◽  
Israel Orbach ◽  
Ilana Farbstein ◽  
Mohammad El-Haib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Suicidal Risk ◽  
Arab Population ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
History Of

Background: Relatively little is known about the role of protective factors in an Arab population in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Aims: To examine the role of protective factors in a subsample of in large Arab Kindred participants in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Methods: We assessed protective and risk factors in a sample of 64 participants (16 suicidal and 48 nonsuicidal) between 15 and 55 years of age, using a comprehensive structured psychiatric interview, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), self-reported depression, anxiety, hopelessness, impulsivity, hostility, and suicidal behavior in first-degree and second-relatives. We also used the Religiosity Questionnaire and suicide attitude (SUIATT) and multidimensional perceived support scale. Results: Suicidal as opposed to nonsuicidal participants were more likely to have a lifetime history of major depressive disorder (MDD) (68.8% vs. 22.9% χ2 = 11.17, p = .001), an anxiety disorder (87.5% vs. 22.9, χ2 = 21.02, p < .001), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (25% vs. 0.0%, Fisher’s, p = .003). Individuals who are otherwise at high risk for suicidality have a much lower risk when they experience higher perceived social support (3.31 ± 1.36 vs. 4.96 ± 1.40, t = 4.10, df = 62, p < .001), and they have the view that suicide is somehow unacceptable (1.83 ± .10 vs. 1.89 ± .07, t = 2.76, df = 60, p = .008). Conclusions: Taken together with other studies, these data suggest that the augmentation of protective factors could play a very important role in the prevention of incidental and recurrent suicidal behavior in Arab populations, where suicidal behavior in increasing rapidly.

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