Comparative biochemistry of human skin: glycosaminoglycans from different body sites in normal subjects and in patients with localized scleroderma

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
CO Passos ◽  
CC Werneck ◽  
GR Onofre ◽  
EA Pagani ◽  
AL Filgueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Localized Scleroderma ◽  
Comparative Biochemistry

scholarly journals Proteome Analysis of Cultured Fibroblasts from Type 1 Diabetic Patients and Normal Subjects

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 3507-3514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Puricelli ◽  
Elisabetta Iori ◽  
Renato Millioni ◽  
Giorgio Arrigoni ◽  
Peter James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Skin Fibroblasts ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Human Skin Fibroblasts ◽  
Cultured Fibroblasts ◽  
Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Abstract Context: Protein profiling of diabetic tissues could provide useful biomarkers for early diagnosis, therapeutic targets, and disease response markers. Cultured fibroblasts are a useful in vitro model for proteome analysis and study of the molecular mechanisms involved in diabetes. Objective: The objective of the study was to isolate and characterize the proteins of cultured fibroblasts, obtained by skin biopsy, from long-term type 1 diabetic patients without complications and age- and sex-matched normal subjects as controls. Design: Proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), and the gel images were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Protein identification was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Results: Reproducible protein maps of fibroblasts from diabetic and healthy subjects were obtained. A total of 125 protein spots were isolated and identified, among them 27 proteins not previously reported in published human fibroblast 2-DE maps, including 20 proteins never reported previously in the literature in human skin fibroblasts. Quantitative analyses revealed six protein spots differentially expressed in the fibroblasts from the diabetic vs. the control subjects (P < 0.05), representing glycolytic enzymes and structural proteins. An increase of triosephosphate I isomerase of two splice isoforms of pyruvate kinase and α-actinin 4 and a decrease of tubulin-β2 and splice isoform 2 of tropomyosin β-chain were detected. Conclusions: We generated 2-DE reference maps of the proteome of human skin fibroblasts from both normal and uncomplicated type 1 diabetic patients. Differences in glycolytic enzymes and structural proteins were found. The functional implications of the identified proteins are discussed.

Immunoglobulin G of patients with circumscribed pretibial myxedema of Graves' disease stimulates proteoglycan synthesis in human skin fibroblasts in culture

1992 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimasa Shishiba ◽  
Yumi Imai ◽  
Ritsuko Odajima ◽  
Yasunori Ozawa ◽  
Taeko Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Skin Fibroblasts ◽  
Proteoglycan Synthesis ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Human Skin Fibroblasts ◽  
Pretibial Myxedema ◽  
Dose Dependent

Hyaluronic acid and proteoglycan accumulate in the affected skin of Graves' disease patients with pretibial myxedema (PTM). We aimed to determine whether an autoantibody IgG circulating in PTM patients stimulates proteoglycan synthesis in human skin fibroblasts, resulting in PTM. IgGs were purified from 14 normal subjects, 11 Graves' disease patients with PTM, 5 Graves' disease patients with active ophthalmopathy and 15 Graves' disease patients with neither PTM nor ophthalmopathy. Human skin fibroblasts were incubated with the IgGs and labeled with [35S]sulfate. The medium and cell layer were separated and the proteoglycan was extracted. The 35S radioactivity in the proteoglycan fraction was measured. Compared with normal IgGs or with those of Graves' disease without PTM or ophthalmopathy, PTM IgGs significantly increased the incorporation of the 35S into the proteoglycan. The effect of PTM IgG was dose-dependent. As PTM IgG did not alter degradation of the 35S labeled proteoglycan, an increase in 35S incorporation reflects increased synthesis. The effect was mediated through a mechanism other than adenylate cyclase activation. The present study demonstrates the presence of an autoantibody in PTM IgG that stimulates proteoglycan production through human skin fibroblasts. This is not correlated with the thyroid stimulating antibody activity. It is suggested that the activity of this antibody leads to the development of PTM.

scholarly journals SPECIFIC INHIBITION OF WHEAL-AND-ERYTHEMA RESPONSES WITH UNIVALENT HAPTENS AND UNIVALENT ANTIBODY FRAGMENTS

1960 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuad S. Farah ◽  
Milton Kern ◽  
Herman N. Eisen
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Intradermal Injection ◽  
Antibody Fragments ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Rabbit Antibody ◽  
Normal Human Skin ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Normal Human

Wheal-and-erythema responses were studied in normal human volunteers and in a single human subject who is sensitive to the 2,4-dinitrophenyl group. In the normal subjects, reactive skin sites were established by intradermal injection of purified rabbit antibody specific for the 2,4-dinitrophenyl group. In both the active and passively sensitized subjects, wheal-and-erythema was elicited by intradermal injection of a 2,4-dinitrophenyl protein, but not by injection of the same conjugate mixed with certain low molecular weight 2,4-dinitrophenyl haptens or with univalent fragments split by papain from anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl antibody. The latter fragments, unlike intact, bivalent, antibody, do not sensitize normal human skin sites. From these and other observations it is concluded that the wheal-and-erythema response in human skin requires mutually multivalent antigen and antibody. This requirement suggests that multimolecular complexes, containing at least 2 antigen and 2 antibody molecules, are essential in the pathogenesis of this allergic response.

scholarly journals In vivo friction properties of human skin

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zhang ◽  
A. F. T. Mak
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Palm Of The Hand

In vivo frictional properties of human skin and five materials, namely aluminium, nylon, silicone, cotton sock, Pelite, were investigated. Normal and untreated skin over six anatomic regions of ten normal subjects were measured under a controlled environment. The average coefficient of friction for all measurements is 0.46±0.15 (p < 0.05). Among all measured sites, the palm of the hand has the highest coefficient of friction (0.62±0.22). For all the materials tested, silicone has the highest coefficient of friction (0.61±0.21), while nylon has the lowest friction (0.37±0.09).

THE METABOLISM OF TESTOSTERONE BY SKIN IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND IN TESTICULAR FEMINIZATION

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. JENKINS ◽  
S. ASH
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Testicular Feminization ◽  
Normal Human Skin ◽  
Normal Manner ◽  
Normal Human

SUMMARY The metabolism in vitro of testosterone by normal human skin has been studied and the results have been compared with those obtained in two cases of testicular feminization. The predominant metabolite was 5α-dihydrotestosterone followed by androstenedione, androsterone, and 5α-androstanedione. Suprapubic skin from patients with testicular feminization metabolized testosterone in a completely normal manner. There was no evidence to support the view that a failure to produce an essential metabolite of testosterone is responsible for the condition of testicular feminization.

scholarly journals Correction to: Single-cell transcriptome conservation in a comparative analysis of fresh and cryopreserved human skin tissue: pilot in localized scleroderma

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Mirizio ◽  
Tracy Tabib ◽  
Xinjun Wang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Christopher Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Localized Scleroderma ◽  
Cell Transcriptome ◽  
Single Cell Transcriptome ◽  
Human Skin Tissue

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

A web-like network of type vi collagen in human skin is revealed by immuno-electron microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 382-383
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Keene ◽  
Robert W. Glanville ◽  
Eva Engvall
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Primary Antibody ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Secondary Antibody ◽  
Type Vi Collagen ◽  
Dermal Matrix ◽  
Immuno Electron Microscopy

A mouse monoclonal antibody (5C6) prepared against human type VI collagen (1) has been used in this study to immunolocalize type VI collagen in human skin. The enbloc method used involves exposing whole tissue pieces to primary antibody and 5 nm gold conjugated secondary antibody before fixation, and has been described in detail elsewhere (2).Biopsies were taken from individuals ranging in age from neonate to 65 years old. By immuno-electron microscopy, type VI collagen is found to be distributed as a fine branching network closely associated with (but not attached to) banded collagen fibrils containing types I and III collagen (Fig. 1). It appears to enwrap fibers, to weave between individual fibrils within a fiber, and to span the distance separating fibers, creating a “web-like network” which entraps fibers within deep papillary and reticular dermal layers (Fig. 2). Relative to that in the dermal matrix, the concentration of type VI collagen is higher around endothelial basement membranes limiting the outer boundaries of nerves, capillaries, and fat cells (Fig. 3).

Effect of Acetone and Kerosene on Skin Ultrastructure

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 92-93
Author(s):  
A. P. Lupulescu ◽  
H. Pinkus ◽  
D. J. Birmingham
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Human Epidermis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Skin Ultrastructure ◽  
Volar Surface

Our laboratory is engaged in the study of the effect of different chemical agents on human skin, using electron microscopy. Previous investigations revealed that topical use of a strong alkali (NaOH 1N) or acid (HCl 1N), induces ultrastructural changes in the upper layers of human epidermis. In the current experiments, acetone and kerosene, which are primarily lipid solvents, were topically used on the volar surface of the forearm of Caucasian and Negro volunteers. Skin specimens were bioptically removed after 90 min. exposure and 72. hours later, fixed in 3% buffered glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% phosphate osmium tetroxide, then flat embedded in Epon.

Changes in corneocyte element concentrations occur in skin inner stratum corneum

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
R. R. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Element Concentration ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Intercellular Lipid

Keratinocytes undergo maturation during their transit through the viable layers of skin, and then abruptly transform into flattened, anuclear corneocytes that constitute the cellular component of the skin barrier, the stratum corneum (SC). The SC is generally considered to be homogeneous in its structure and barrier properties, and is often shown schematically as a featureless brick wall, the “bricks” being the corneocytes, the “mortar” being intercellular lipid. Previously we showed the outer SC was not homogeneous in its composition, but contained steep gradients of the physiological inorganic elements Na, K and Cl, likely originating from sweat salts. Here we show the innermost corneocytes in human skin are also heterogeneous in composition, undergoing systematic changes in intracellular element concentration during transit into the interior of the SC.Human skin biopsies were taken from the lower leg of individuals with both “good” and “dry” skin and plunge-frozen in a stirred, cooled isopentane/propane mixture.

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