A Brief Analysis About the Drug Addiction by Youths in India

People have been taking the drug in various forms for many years for enjoyment, relaxation, sleeping, stimulation, or another reason. In the starting, people takes the drug for taste and alter the consciousness, behavior, mood, and thoughts but he/she becomes habitual and dependent on any substance use disorder such as alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine, methamphetamine, and heroin, amphetamines, or illegal drugs. As per my thoughts and watching surroundings, if you ask a drug intake person “how do you become a drug addictive”? Most people will answer this “they started taking the drug in their friend circle, at relatives home or with relationship partner”. The first time they take it for taste or due to forcing by someone but after some time this becomes a habit. Peer pressure can fall you in this black world. Also, if someone has family history of addiction then he/she may chance to catch this addiction and make habitual others as well. So good friend circle really matters. Drugs such as heroin and marijuana are structured in the same way as chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters are produced naturally by the human brain. As a result of this similarity, the drugs can fool the receptors of human brain and activate the nerve cells in such a way that they send some abnormal messages. In case of drugs like methamphetamine and cocaine, the nerve cells get activated and they release extraordinarily large volumes of neurotransmitters. They are also capable of preventing the brain from recycling these chemicals in a normal manner. A normal level of production is necessary in order to end the signal between neurons. Keywords: Alcohol – Beer, Wine, & Liquor, Opioids – Heroin, Fentanyl & Oxycodone, Cannabinoids – Marijuana & Hashish, Benzodiazepines – Ativan, Valium & Xanax, Stimulants – Adderall, Cocaine & Meth.

8. A statutory statement of directors’ duties

The Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006) includes for the first time a statutory statement of directors’ general duties in Pt 10, Ch 2. This chapter explains the background to the introduction of this statutory statement and discusses the duties which have been set out. The duties remain based on and will be interpreted in accordance with the pre-existing common law while evolving in the normal manner through judicial decisions. The chapter notes that the duties are cumulative and non-exhaustive and are not owed to the shareholders individually but to the company, though in very exceptional circumstances, the courts may find a duty owed to shareholders.

The Modified Configuration of Wet Wash System in the Gulf of Thailand

"Wet Wash" is a concept whereby cuttings are fluidized then sent to centrifuges to seperate the fluids from the cuttings. A modified configuration of this Wet Wash system improves fluids performance while minimizing environmental impact and optimizing operating costs. The original Wet Wash system, introduced in 2006, started at the shale shakers where big cuttings were removed by the scalping deck and diverted overboard. Only the small cuttings from the primary deck were fluidized and transported to a big bowl centrifuge. For the original system, the % Synthetic on Cuttings (SOC) for this process was always over 8.0%. The system was unable to lower the SOC due to concerns for the capability of the big bowl centrifuge to handle big cuttings. With a modified centrifuge unit, a more robust unit with a design change in feed nozzles being able to handle more torque, all cuttings from both scalping deck and primary deck are fluidized and transported to a big bowl centrifuge with no big cuttings diverted overboard. Utilizing the previous configuration of Wet Wash whereby cuttings from the scalper deck were diverted overboard, the % SOC was always over 8.0%. It was efficient in the removal of solids, but it was still yielding high SOC. In 2012 the use of Cuttings Dryers was introduced to further reduce % SOC. On Jack-up rigs, the Cuttings Dryer can operate in a normal manner, but on Tender Assisted rigs, where the cuttings are fluidized and pumped to the Dryer, there is a trade-off. High content of Low Gravity Solids (LGS) from the continual grinding of the solids to ultrafine particles that could not be removed by centrifuges had become an issue. High dilution rates were required to keep mud system under control due to excessive ultrafine solids. The Wet Wash system was re-visited for Tender Assisted rigs. With the modified configuration of Wet Wash system where no cuttings were diverted overboard, fluids performance was improved from reduction of ultrafine solids contamination in the mud system, resulting in less dilution rate and mud chemicals treatment. The % SOC was also lower than 8.0%. With proper Preventative Maintenance (PM) program in place, there was neither down time of the centrifuge nor report of excessive wear of equipment from handling big cuttings. The novelty of the modified Wet Wash configuration is in the ability to improve fluids performance and reduce environmental impact with the optimum operating cost.

Molecular basis for the plasticity of aromatic prenyltransferases in hapalindole biosynthesis

Aromatic prenyltransferases (PTases) are enzymes that catalyze Friedel–Crafts reactions between aromatic compounds and isoprenoid diphosphates. In hapalindole biosynthesis, the aromatic PTases AmbP1 and AmbP3 exhibit surprisingly plastic selectivities. AmbP1 not only transfers the geranyl group on the C-3 of cis-indolylvinyl isonitrile, but also on the C-2, which is supressed in the presence of Mg2+ ions. AmbP3 transfers the dimethylallyl group on C-2 of hapalindole U in the reverse manner, but on C-2 of its C-10 stereoisomer in the normal manner. This review highlights the molecular bases of the AmbP1 and AmbP3 functions, elucidated through their X-ray crystal structures. The knowledge presented here will contribute to the understanding of aromatic PTase reactions and will enhance their uses as biocatalysts.

Natural Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Role of Herbals in the Treatment of Hyperpigmentary Disorders

Cutaneous pigmentation plays critical role in determining the color of skin along with photo protection of skin from dreadful effects of ultraviolet radiations. Conversely, abnormal accumulation of melanin is responsible for hyper pigmentary disorders such as melasma, senile lentigines and freckles. Because of the visible nature of dermatologic diseases, they have a considerable psychosomatic effect on affected patients. Tyrosinase inhibitors are molecules that interrelate in some way with the enzyme to prevent it from working in the normal manner. Past many decades witnessed the quest for the development of natural tyrosinase inhibitors due to imperative role played by tyrosinase in the process of melanogenesis and fungi or fruit enzymatic browning. Mechanism of pigmentation is characterized by the intact process of the synthesis of specialized black pigment within melanosomes. Melanin is synthesized by a cascade of enzymatic and chemical reactions. For this reason, melanin production is mainly controlled by the expression and activation of tyrosinase. In the current article, we discussed tyrosinase inhibitors from the natural sources, which can be an essential constituent of cosmetics products and depigmenting agents for the treatment of hyperpigmentory disorders.

The effect of using the two methods of exploration and Verification (laboratory tests) in the collection of fifth grade students in science

The current research is aimed to know the effect of the use of two methods emphasize exploration, (laboratory tests) in the collection of Elementary fifth graders in science were verified through objective research to validate hypotheses Elsafreeten following cases: There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the first experimental group who are studying a way that Scouting (Exploratory laboratory experiments) and the average score of the control group who are studying the normal manner in the test grades. There is no difference statistically significant at the level (0.05) between the average grades Group II pilot who study the way Aaltokid (confirmatory laboratory tests) and the average score of the control group who are studying the normal manner in the test grades. And identifies current research pupils' fifth grade in elementary school eloquence of the Directorate of Education Baghdad Karkh third academic year (2015-2016). The total research community (120) students, evenly divided between the (three) people, was the people's choice Baltaan simple random, and hit the sample (108) pupils, distributors in each division (36), a student, was the Division (a) of the experimental group first studied Scouting manner (Exploratory laboratory experiments) and Division (b) Aalthanih experimental group that studied a way to emphasize (confirmatory laboratory tests), and the Division (c) the control group, who studied in the traditional manner and was rewarded individuals aggregates variables (former intelligence and information). The achievement of the post test preparation, which included 20 objective paragraph of the multiple-choice type with four alternatives, and formulated in accordance with the first three levels of Bloom's Taxonomy of cognitive (memory, comprehension, application), were verified and virtual content sincerity after a presentation to a group of experts and specialists in teaching methods and measurement and evaluation, and was extracted reliability coefficient of vertebrae test using equation (Kiodr- Richardson -20), as it was (87%), as was extracted Alsekoumtrah characteristics of the paragraphs of the ease and difficulty, strength discriminatory and effective alternatives, applied experience lasted (8) weeks, after the completion of the experiment, the data were treated statistically using the test equation (t.test) for two independent samples of equal number .

Impact of the strategy of the six thinking hats in the achievement and decision-making in the teaching methods for third year students in the faculties of education: أثر إستراتيجية القبعات الست في التحصيل واتخاذ القرار في مادة طرائق التدريس لطلبة السنة الثالثة في كليات التربية

The objective of the research was to identify the impact of the strategy of the six hats in the achievement and decision-making in the teaching methods for the third year students in the faculties of education. The researchers followed the experimental method in their research, and the number of members of the research sample (70) (35) students studied the strategy of the six hats, the control group and the number of its members (35) students studied in the usual way, and then the researchers between the two groups statistically computed in the variables: In order to achieve the goal of the research, the researchers formulated a set of behavioral objectives for the scientific material that will be studied in the experiment. They then prepared experimental plans for the experimental group in accordance with the strategy of the six hats and according to the usual method of the control group, (50), and a decision-making scale consisting of (41) paragraphs with three alternatives. The net has shown There was a statistically significant difference at the mean level (0.05) among the average scores of the experimental group that studied the strategy of the six hats. It obtained an average of (41,78), compared to the control group studied in the normal manner; In the test of achievement, as well as in the decision-making scale, the experiment obtained an average of (78,30). The control group, which was studied in the usual way, obtained an average of 61,45. The difference in the achievement test and the decision- In the light of the results of the research, the researchers recommended, among other things, the adoption of the strategy of the six hats in the Dries to its impact on the collection and decision-making.

Mesomorphism Dependence on Cis-Trans Configuration and Varying Terminal/Lateral Group

A chalconyl trans vinyl ester homologous series of thermotropic liquid crystals RO-C6H4-CH=CH-COO-C6H4-CH=CH-CO-C6H3(OCH3)2meta-para is synthesized and studied with a view to understand and establish the relation between molecular structure and mesomorphism or mesomorphic behaviors. Novel homologous series consists of thirteen homologues (C1to C18). First five (C1to C5) homologues are nonmesogenic. Rest of the homologues (C6to C18) homologues is mesogenic. Monotropically smectogenic character appears from C6to C10homologue and C12to C18homologues are enantiotropically smectogenic. Nematogenic property is totally absent throughout a series. Textures of smectic phase are of the type smectic A or C. Transition curves of a phase diagram behaved in normal manner. Analytical, spectral and thermal data supports the molecular structures of homologues. Odd-even effect is observed for Sm-I/I-Sm transition curve. Thermal stability for smectic is 93.7 °C and the mesomorphic phase lengths from enantiotropic homologues for smectic from minimum to maximum is 6.0 °C to 28.0 °C at the C12and C18homologue respectively. Series is smectogenic without exhibition of nematic property. The group efficiency order on the basis of thermal stability is derived; from comparative study of present series and analogous series.

Study of the Effects of Lateral Substitution (Bromo) on Mesomorphic Behaviours of Chalconyl Ester Derivatives

Novel homologous series: RO-C6H4-COO-C6H3-Br-CO-CH=CH-C6H4-OC18H3(n) (ortho bromo to –COO-) is synthesized and studied with a view to understand and establish the relation between mesomorphic properties and the molecular structure with reference to lateral substitution of bromine (-Br) at middle phenyl ring. Chalconyl homologous series consists of thirteen between (C1to C18) homologues. Nematogenic mesomorphism commences from C5homologue and continue up to C18homologue in enantiotropic manner. Transition and melting points were determined by an optical polarizing microscopy (POM) equipped with a heating stage. Textures of nematic phase are threaded or schlieren. Transition curve Cr-N/I behaved in normal manner. N-I transition curve exhibited odd-even effect up to C8homologue. It (N-I) rises and fall with negligible deviations from its normal descending tendency which appears in case of homologues C10to C18. Thermal stability for nematic is 142.89 °C and the mesophase lengths vary minimum 8.0 °C to maximum 26.0 °C at the C7and C8homologue respectively. Liquid Crystal properties of present series are evaluated and compared with structurally analogous series and relative group efficiency order derived. Thus ,present series is predominantly nematogenic with absence of Smectic property. Analytical and spectral data supported moleculars of homologues.

Study of the Effects of Decreasing Molecular Rigidity on Mesomorphism

A Chalconyl homologous series: RO-C6H4-CH=CH-CO-C6H4-OC14H29(n) (meta) is synthesized and studied with a view to understand and establish the effect of molecular structure on Liquid crystal behaviour by reducing molecular rigidity through diminishing of a phenyl ring and a central carboxy or vinyl carboxy group from a molecule. Novel series consists of thirteen homologues (C1to C18). First member (C1) homologue is nonliquid crystal and the rest of the homologues (C2to C18) are enantiotropically ( C2to C5) nematogenic or monotropically (C6to C18) nematogenic plus smectogenic of low mesophaselengths and low transition temperatures ( 38°C to 76°C). Transition temperatures were determined by an optical polarizing microscopy (POM) equipped with a heating stage. Cr-N/I, N-I, I-N, N-Sm transition curves behaved in normal manner in a phase diagram. N-I and I-Sm transition curves exhibited odd-even effect. Textures of nematic phase are threaded or schlieren and that of the smectic phase are of the type A or C. Analytical, spectral and thermal data supported molecular structure of homologues. Thermal stability ( N-I/ I-N) of series for nematic is 67.5°C and that of the smectic is very low. Group efficiency order derived on the basis of thermal stability is as under. –Cl with –C6H4.COO- > -OC14H29(n) without –C6H4.COO-with reference to central bridge –CH=CH-CO-.