scholarly journals Investigating the connection between γ-ray activity and the relativistic jet in 3C 273 during 2015−2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 636 ◽  
pp. A62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae-Won Kim ◽  
Sascha Trippe ◽  
Evgeniya V. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Millimeter Wavelength ◽  
Relativistic Jet ◽  
Photon Index ◽  
Wavelength Emission ◽  
The Times ◽  
Index Time Series ◽  
Jet Images

Context. The powerful radiation over the entire electromagnetic spectrum and its radio jet activity of the blazar 3C 273 offer the opportunity of studying the physics of γ-ray emission from active galactic nuclei. Since the historically strong outburst in 2009, 3C 273 showed relatively weak emission in the γ-ray band over several years. However, recent Fermi-Large Area Telescope observations indicate higher activity during 2015−2019. Aims. We constrain the origin of the γ-ray outbursts toward 3C 273 and investigate their connection to the parsec-scale jet. Methods. We generated Fermi-LAT γ-ray light curves with multiple binning intervals and studied the spectral properties of the γ-ray emission. Using a 3 mm ALMA light curve, we studied the correlation between radio and γ-ray emission. The relevant activity in the parsec-scale jet of 3C 273 was investigated with 7 mm VLBA observations that were obtained close in time to notable γ-ray outbursts. Results. We find two prominent γ-ray outbursts in 2016 (MJD 57382) and 2017 (MJD 57883) accompanied by millimeter-wavelength flaring activity. The γ-ray photon index time series show a weak hump-like feature around the γ-ray outbursts. The monthly γ-ray flux–index plot indicates a transition from softer-when-brighter to harder-when-brighter states at 1.03 × 10−7 ph cm−2 s−1. A significant correlation between the γ-ray and millimeter-wavelength emission is found, and the radio lags the γ-rays by about 105−112 days. The 43 GHz jet images reveal the known stationary features (i.e., the core, S1, and S2) in a region upstream of the jet. We find an indication for a propagating disturbance and a polarized knot between the stationary components at about the times of the two γ-ray outbursts. Conclusions. Our results support a parsec-scale origin for the observed higher γ-ray activity, which suggests that this is associated with standing shocks in the jet.

scholarly journals Diffuse γ-ray emission toward the massive star-forming region, W40

2020 ◽  
Vol 639 ◽  
pp. A80
Author(s):  
Xiao-Na Sun ◽  
Rui-Zhi Yang ◽  
Yun-Feng Liang ◽  
Fang-Kun Peng ◽  
Hai-Ming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Young Star ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Stellar Cluster ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Photon Index ◽  
Young Star Clusters

We report the detection of high-energy γ-ray signal towards the young star-forming region, W40. Using 10-yr Pass 8 data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT), we extracted an extended γ-ray excess region with a significance of ~18σ. The radiation has a spectrum with a photon index of 2.49 ± 0.01. The spatial correlation with the ionized gas content favors the hadronic origin of the γ-ray emission. The total cosmic-ray (CR) proton energy in the γ-ray production region is estimated to be the order of 1047 erg. However, this could be a small fraction of the total energy released in cosmic rays (CRs) by local accelerators, presumably by massive stars, over the lifetime of the system. If so, W40, together with earlier detections of γ-rays from Cygnus cocoon, Westerlund 1, Westerlund 2, NGC 3603, and 30 Dor C, supports the hypothesis that young star clusters are effective CR factories. The unique aspect of this result is that the γ-ray emission is detected, for the first time, from a stellar cluster itself, rather than from the surrounding “cocoons”.

scholarly journals Galaxy Evolution Studies with the SPace IR Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA): The Power of IR Spectroscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Spinoglio ◽  
A. Alonso-Herrero ◽  
L. Armus ◽  
M. Baes ◽  
J. Bernard-Salas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Active Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Cosmic Time ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Radiation Fields ◽  
James Webb Space Telescope ◽  
Large Telescopes

AbstractIR spectroscopy in the range 12–230 μm with the SPace IR telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA) will reveal the physical processes governing the formation and evolution of galaxies and black holes through cosmic time, bridging the gap between the James Webb Space Telescope and the upcoming Extremely Large Telescopes at shorter wavelengths and the Atacama Large Millimeter Array at longer wavelengths. The SPICA, with its 2.5-m telescope actively cooled to below 8 K, will obtain the first spectroscopic determination, in the mid-IR rest-frame, of both the star-formation rate and black hole accretion rate histories of galaxies, reaching lookback times of 12 Gyr, for large statistically significant samples. Densities, temperatures, radiation fields, and gas-phase metallicities will be measured in dust-obscured galaxies and active galactic nuclei, sampling a large range in mass and luminosity, from faint local dwarf galaxies to luminous quasars in the distant Universe. Active galactic nuclei and starburst feedback and feeding mechanisms in distant galaxies will be uncovered through detailed measurements of molecular and atomic line profiles. The SPICA’s large-area deep spectrophotometric surveys will provide mid-IR spectra and continuum fluxes for unbiased samples of tens of thousands of galaxies, out to redshifts of z ~ 6.

scholarly journals Exploring the bulk of the BL Lacertae object population

2018 ◽  
Vol 618 ◽  
pp. A175
Author(s):  
F. D’Ammando ◽  
M. Giroletti ◽  
S. Rainó
Keyword(s):  
Radio Emission ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Bl Lacertae ◽  
The Third ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Photon Index ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Doppler Factor ◽  
Bl Lacs

Aims. We are studying an unbiased sample of 42 nearby (z < 0.2) BL Lacertae objects with a multi-wavelength approach. The results of Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations were presented in the first paper of this series. In this paper, we study the γ-ray properties of the sample. Methods. We analyse data collected by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) during its first 8.5 yr of operation in the energy range 0.1−300 GeV. Results. We reveal 23 sources with a test statistic greater than 25 (corresponding to ~4.6-σ) out of 42, with 3 sources not detected in the third LAT active galactic nucleus (AGN) catalogue, and fluxes between 3.5 × 10−10 and 7.4 × 10−8 ph cm−2 s−1. The majority of the sources have hard spectra (Γ ≤ 2), with only four having values in the range 2.1–2.4. The three newly detected sources have fluxes in the range between 0.54 × 10−9 and 1.35 × 10−9 ph cm−2 s−1 and photon index 1.7–1.9. Among the 23 LAT-detected sources, 19 are included in the third catalogue of hard Fermi-LAT sources, with a spectrum that connects relatively smoothly from 0.1 GeV to 2 TeV. LAT-detected BL Lacs are more luminous on parsec scales with respect to non-LAT-detected sources and have larger core dominance according to the unified models. Conclusions. The LAT-detected BL Lacs seem to be composed of a bulk of “classical” sources dominated by Doppler boosting and characterised by compact and bright radio emission as well as hard γ-ray spectra. Moreover, we have identified a possible population of low-luminosity BL Lacs not detected by LAT, lacking a VLBI core, and with a small Doppler factor. Furthermore, three LAT-detected sources show non-classical properties for γ-ray emitting BL Lacs (no evidence of relativistic jet, low Doppler factor in radio images, relatively low core dominance) and three other sources, while showing radio emission on parsec scales, are not detected in γ rays so far.

Aircraft search for millimeter-wavelength emission by stratospheric ClO

1979 ◽  
Vol 84 (C11) ◽  
pp. 7034 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Waters ◽  
J. J. Gustincic ◽  
R. K. Kakar ◽  
H. K. Roscoe ◽  
P. N. Swanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wavelength ◽  
Wavelength Emission

scholarly journals Simulations of Relativistic Jet Formation in Compact Radio Sources

2001 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
David L. Meier
Keyword(s):  
Active Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Radio Sources ◽  
Jet Formation ◽  
Analytic Work ◽  
Relativistic Jet ◽  
Mhd Model ◽  
Relativistic Outflows

I review recent numerical and analytic work on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model of jet formation in active galactic nuclei, with an emphasis on producing the highly relativistic outflows and high radio luminosities observed in the most powerful sources.

scholarly journals The estimation of γ-ray Doppler factor for Fermi/LAT-detected blazars

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Pei ◽  
Junhui Fan ◽  
Jianghe Yang ◽  
Denis Bastieri
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Bl Lac Objects ◽  
Relativistic Jet ◽  
Spectrum Radio ◽  
Bl Lac ◽  
Doppler Factor ◽  
Bl Lacs ◽  
Extreme Observation

Abstract Blazars are a subclass of active galactic nuclei with extreme observation properties, which is caused by the beaming effect, expressed by a Doppler factor ( $\delta$ ), in a relativistic jet. Doppler factor is an important parameter in the blazars paradigm to indicate all of the observation properties, and many methods were proposed to estimate its value. In this paper, we present a method following Mattox et al. to calculate the lower limit on $\gamma$ -ray Doppler factor ( $\delta_{\gamma}$ ) for 809 selected Fermi/LAT-detected $\gamma$ -ray blazars by adopting the available $\gamma$ -ray and X-ray data. Our sample included 342 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and 467 BL Lac objects (BL Lacs), out of which 507 sources are compiled with available radio core-dominance parameter (R) from our previous study. Our calculation shows that the average values of the lower limit on $\delta_{\gamma}$ for FSRQs and BL Lacs are $\left\langle\delta_{\gamma}|_{\textrm{FSRQ}}\right\rangle = 6.87 \pm 4.07$ and $\left\langle\delta_{\gamma}|_{\textrm{BL\ Lac}}\right\rangle=4.31 \pm 2.97$ , respectively. We compare and discuss our results with those from the literature. We found that the derived lower limit on $\delta_{\gamma}$ for some sources is higher than that from the radio estimation, which could be possibly explained by the jet bending within those blazars. Our results also suggest that the $\gamma$ -ray and radio regions perhaps share the same relativistic effects. The $\gamma$ -ray Doppler factor has been found to be correlated with both the $\gamma$ -ray luminosity and core-dominance parameter, implying that the jet is possibly continuous in the $\gamma$ -ray bands, and R is perhaps an indicator for a beaming effect.

scholarly journals Statistical Effects of Doppler Beaming and Malmquist Bias on Flux-Limited Samples of Compact Radio Sources

1998 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 137-138
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Lister ◽  
Alan P. Marscher
Keyword(s):  
Active Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Luminosity Function ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Lorentz Factor ◽  
Radio Sources ◽  
Apparent Velocity ◽  
Parent Population ◽  
Relativistic Jet ◽  
Spectrum Radio ◽  
Statistical Effects

AbstractWe examine the effects of Doppler beaming on flux-limited samples of compact extragalactic radio sources using Monte Carlo simulations. We incorporate a luminosity function and z-distribution for the parent population, and investigate models in which the unbeamed synchrotron luminosity L of a relativistic jet is related to its bulk Lorentz factor Γ. The predicted flux density, redshift, monochromatic luminosity, and apparent velocity distributions of our simulated flux-limited samples are compared to the Caltech-Jodrell Bank (CJF) sample of flat-spectrum, radio core-dominated active galactic nuclei (AGNs).We find that a relation between L and Γ is not needed to reproduce the characteristics of the CJF sample. Introducing a positive correlation between these quantities results in an underabundance of objects with high viewing angles, while a negative correlation gives generally poor fits to the data.

scholarly journals ERRATUM: “THE SECOND CATALOG OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI DETECTED BY THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE” (2011, ApJ, 743, 171)

2015 ◽  
Vol 806 (1) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ackermann ◽  
M. Ajello ◽  
A. Allafort ◽  
E. Antolini ◽  
W. B. Atwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Large Area

scholarly journals Gamma-ray-emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies: the Swift view

2020 ◽  
Vol 496 (2) ◽  
pp. 2213-2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
F D’Ammando
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Narrow Line ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Relativistic Jet ◽  
Photon Index ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
Lower Variability

ABSTRACT We report the analysis of all Swift observations available up to 2019 April of γ-ray-emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLSy1). The distribution of X-ray luminosities (and fluxes) indicates that the jet radiation significantly contributes to their X-ray emission, with Doppler boosting making values higher than other radio-loud NLSy1. The 0.3–10 keV photon indices are on average harder with respect to radio-quiet and radio-loud NLSy1, confirming a dominant jet contribution in X-rays. However, the lower variability amplitude with respect to blazars and the softening of the spectrum in some periods suggests that also the corona radiation contributes to the X-ray emission. In optical and ultraviolet (UV) significant flux changes have been observed on daily, weekly, and monthly time-scale, providing a clear indication of the significant contribution of the jet radiation in this part of spectrum. A strong correlation between X-ray, UV, and optical emission and simultaneous flux variations have been observed in 1H 0323+342, SBS 0846+513, PMN J0948+0022 as expected in case the jet radiation is the dominant mechanism. Correlated multiband variability favours the jet-dominated scenario also in FBQS J1644+2619 and PKS 2004−447. The summed X-ray Telescope spectra of 1H 0323+342, SBS 0846+513, PMN J0948+0022, and FBQS J1644+2619 are well fitted by a broken power law with a break around 2 keV. The spectrum above 2 keV is dominated by the non-thermal emission from a beamed relativistic jet, as suggested by the hard photon index. A Seyfert-like feature like the soft X-ray excess has been observed below 2 keV, making these γ-ray-emitting NLSy1 different from typical blazars.

scholarly journals FROM THE BLAZAR SEQUENCE TO THE BLAZAR ENVELOPE: REVISITING THE RELATIVISTIC JET DICHOTOMY IN RADIO-LOUD ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

2011 ◽  
Vol 740 (2) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen T. Meyer ◽  
Giovanni Fossati ◽  
Markos Georganopoulos ◽  
Matthew L. Lister
Keyword(s):  
Active Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Relativistic Jet
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